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A caldera is a large cauldron-like hollow that forms shortly after the emptying of a magma chamber in a volcano eruption. When large volumes of magma are erupted over a short time, structural support for the rock above the magma chamber is gone. The ground surface then collapses into the emptied or partially emptied magma chamber, leaving a large depression at the surface. Although sometimes described as a crater, the feature is actually a type of sinkhole, as it is formed through subsidence and collapse rather than an explosion or impact. Compared to the thousands of volcanic eruptions that occur each century, the formation of a caldera is a rare event, occurring only a few times per century. Only seven caldera-forming collapses are known to have occurred between 1911 and 2016. More recently, a caldera collapse occurred at Kīlauea, Hawaii in 2018.
A supervolcano is a volcano that has had an eruption with a Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) of 8, the largest recorded value on the index. This means the volume of deposits for such an eruption is greater than 1,000 cubic kilometers.
The Abitibi River is a river in northeastern Ontario, Canada, which flows northwest from Lake Abitibi to join the Moose River which empties into James Bay. This river is 540 kilometres (340 mi) long, and descends 265 metres (869 ft). It is the fifth longest river entirely in Ontario
Abitibi—Témiscamingue is a federal electoral district in Quebec, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 2004. The area was also represented by the electoral district of Témiscamingue from 1968 until 2004.
The Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT) is a public university within the Université du Québec network, with campuses in Val-d'Or and Rouyn-Noranda. It takes its name from the region it primarily serves.
The Yellowstone hotspot is a volcanic hotspot in the United States responsible for large scale volcanism in Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, and Wyoming, formed as the North American tectonic plate moved over it. It formed the eastern Snake River Plain through a succession of caldera-forming eruptions. The resulting calderas include the Island Park Caldera, Henry's Fork Caldera, and the Bruneau-Jarbidge caldera. The hotspot currently lies under the Yellowstone Caldera. The hotspot's most recent caldera-forming supereruption, known as the Lava Creek Eruption, took place 640,000 years ago and created the Lava Creek Tuff, and the most recent Yellowstone Caldera. The Yellowstone hotspot is one of a few volcanic hotspots underlying the North American tectonic plate; another example is the Anahim hotspot.
Abitibi—Baie-James—Nunavik—Eeyou is a federal riding in the province of Quebec, Canada, that have been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1966.
Cégep de l'Abitibi-Témiscamingue is a public college-level institute of education (CEGEP) with its main campus located in Rouyn-Noranda, Quebec, Canada. The CEGEP has two additional campuses, in Amos and Val-d'Or. It was founded in 1967, and 2,500 students are currently enrolled. Programs are offered in mining and forestry, as well as social, technical, industrial, and communications professions.
The Bennett Lake Volcanic Complex (BLVC) is a huge 50-million-year-old extinct caldera complex that spans across the British Columbia-Yukon border in Canada. It is located near the western end of the West Arm of Bennett Lake. The caldera complex is surrounded by granitic rocks containing pendants.
The Skukum Group is a 55-million-year-old volcanic group in northern British Columbia and southern Yukon, Canada. It consists of discrete calderas in a linear range from the south end of Atlin Lake to Bennett Lake, then to Aishihik Lake. The cluster of rocks crowds the Mount Skukum gold deposit southwest of Whitehorse. One of the calderas within the group is the Bennett Lake Volcanic Complex.
Abitibi-Est is a provincial electoral district in the Abitibi-Témiscamingue region of Quebec, Canada, that elects members to the National Assembly of Quebec. The district notably includes eastern portions of the city of Rouyn-Noranda as well as Val-d'Or, Malartic and Senneterre.
Abitibi-Ouest is a provincial electoral district in the Abitibi-Témiscamingue region of Quebec, Canada, that elects members to the National Assembly of Quebec. It notably includes the municipalities of Amos, La Sarre, Macamic, Barraute, Palmarolle, Trécesson, Saint-Félix-de-Dalquier and Sainte-Germaine-Boulé
The Blake River Megacaldera Complex is a giant subaqueous caldera cluster or a nested caldera system that spans across the Ontario–Quebec border in Canada.
The Noranda Caldera is a well-known large subaqueous Archean caldera complex within the Blake River Megacaldera Complex, Quebec, Canada. The caldera contains a 7-to-9-km-thick succession of bimodal mafic-felsic tholeiitic to calc-alkaline volcanic rocks which were erupted during five major series of volcanic activity.
The Misema Caldera is a 2,704-2,707 million year old caldera in Ontario and Quebec, Canada.
The Abitibi greenstone belt is a 2,800-to-2,600-million-year-old greenstone belt that spans across the Ontario–Quebec border in Canada. It is mostly made of volcanic rocks, but also includes ultramafic rocks, mafic intrusions, granitoid rocks, and early and middle Precambrian sediments.
Clerval is a municipality in northwestern Quebec, Canada, in the Abitibi-Ouest Regional County Municipality. It covers 101.6 km² and had a population of 364 as of the Canada 2011 Census.
The Gemini caldera is an Archean volcano in the Abitibi-Témiscamingue region of western Quebec, Canada. It is one of seven Archean calderas forming an alignment along the Ontario–Quebec border, all of which are within the Abitibi greenstone belt. It is bounded on the north by the 2728-million-year-old Selbaie caldera and on the south by the 2725-million-year-old Normetal caldera. The Gemini caldera has an age of 2735 million years and is inferred to be subaerial in origin.
The Normetal caldera is an Archean volcano in the Abitibi-Témiscamingue region of western Quebec, Canada. It is one of seven Archean calderas forming an alignment along the Ontario–Quebec border, all of which are within the Abitibi greenstone belt. It is bounded on the north by the 2735-million-year-old Gemini caldera and on the south by the 2730-million-year-old Hunter Mine caldera. The Normetal caldera has an age of 2725 million years, having formed by collapse of a broad subaqueous shield volcano.
The Selbaie caldera is an Archean volcano in the Abitibi-Témiscamingue region of western Quebec, Canada. It is the northernmost of seven Archean calderas forming an alignment along the Ontario–Quebec border, all of which are within the Abitibi greenstone belt. It has an age of 2728 million years and is bounded on the south by the 2735-million-year-old Gemini caldera. Selbaie is a rare example of an Archean caldera that evolved from volcanism in subaqueous to subaerial environments. It contains a 1,200 m (3,900 ft) thick intracaldera sequence of debris flows, pumiceous tuff and densely welded ignimbrite. A central intrusion, known as the Brouillan tonalite, may be the remains of a resurgent dome. The southwestern flank of this intrusion contains locally massive sulfide, epithermal veins and regionally extensive and temporally early exhalite.
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Coordinates: 48°41′28″N79°15′43″W / 48.691°N 79.262°W
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