General characteristics
The main cascades of hydroelectric power stations are the Dnipro cascade and the Dniester cascade.[ citation needed ] Ukrhydroenergo is seeking more finance for the Kaniv Pumped Storage Power Station. [2]
Hydropower is part of renewable energy in Ukraine. Ukraine is trying to build more small hydroelectric plants as sources of electricity in Ukraine. [1] State operating company is Ukrhydroenergo. [2] About half of hydro capacity of power stations in Ukraine has been destroyed by the war, [3] including the Kakhovka Hydroelectric Power Plant. [4] Defence against drones is important. [5]
The main cascades of hydroelectric power stations are the Dnipro cascade and the Dniester cascade.[ citation needed ] Ukrhydroenergo is seeking more finance for the Kaniv Pumped Storage Power Station. [2]
The draft action plan for the implementation of the Energy Strategy of Ukraine for the period until 2050, published on the website of the Ministry of Energy on December 11, 2024, plans to study the possibility of building new hydroelectric power plants and PSPPs: [6]
In 2025, Ukrhydroenergo plans to begin construction of the first hydroelectric power plant in Cherkasy Oblast with protection based on the example of South Korea. Kanivska PSPP will have a capacity of 1,000 MW and cost $1.5–2 billion.
The Dnieper Hydroelectric Station, also known as the Dnipro Dam, is a hydroelectric power station in the city of Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine. Operated by Ukrhydroenergo, it is the fifth and largest station in the Dnieper reservoir cascade, a series of hydroelectric stations on the Dnieper river that supply power to the Donets–Kryvyi Rih industrial region. Its dam has a length of 800 metres (2,600 ft), a height of 61 metres (200 ft), and a flow rate of 38.7 metres (127 ft) per second.
Dnister HES-1 is a 702 MW (6х117 MW) hydroelectric power station at the Dnister near Novodnistrovsk, Ukraine. It was launched in commercial operation 1983. Both Dnister Hydroelectric Station and Dniester Pumped Storage Power Station are administered by the Ukrainian Hydro-Energy Administration and compose the Dnister Cascade of power stations. Dnister HES-2 is located downstream and has a 27 MW capacity.
The Buk Bijela Hydro Power Plant is proposed hydroelectric power plant (HPP) on the Drina River in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Vardnili Hydro Power Plant Cascade is a cascade of hydropower plants in the Gali Municipality of Georgia. Included in the Cascade of Enguri Hydropower Plants. It consists of four relatively smaller power plants. It is built on the outlet channel of the Enguri Hydro Power Plant, by discharging the main runoff of the Enguri River into the Eristskali riverbed. The total projected installed capacity is 340 MW, and the average annual projected electricity output is 1111 million kWh. The Vardnil HPP-I has 3 turbines with a nominal capacity of 73 MW each having a total capacity of 220 MW.
The Dniester Pumped Storage Power Station is a pumped storage hydroelectric scheme that uses the Dniester River 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) northeast of Sokyriany in Chernivtsi Oblast, Ukraine. Currently, four of seven 324-megawatt (434,000 hp) generators are operational and when complete in 2028, the power station will have an installed capacity of 2,268 megawatts (3,041,000 hp).
The Uglich Hydroelectric Station or Uglich GES is a hydroelectric station on the Volga River in Uglich in Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia, and is the first of the Volga-Kama cascade of dams. It began operating on December 8, 1940, making it one of the oldest hydroelectric plants in Russia. The 120-MW plant is operated by RusHydro. There is also a Russian hydropower museum located at the hydroelectric plant dedicated to the development of hydropower.
In 2021, hydroelectricity generated 11% of Bulgaria’s electricity. As of 2020, the country's total installed electricity capacity was approximately 12,839 MW, with hydropower contributing 25%, or 3,213 MW.
PJSC «Ukrhydroenergo» is a Ukrainian state-owned enterprise that administers hydro power plants along the Dnieper and Dniester rivers.
The Kyiv Pumped-Storage Power Plant is a pumped-storage power station on the west bank of the Kyiv Reservoir in Vyshhorod, Ukraine. The Kyiv Reservoir serves as the lower reservoir and the upper reservoir is located 70 m (230 ft) above the lower. Water sent from the upper reservoir generates electricity with three 33.3 megawatts (44,700 hp) conventional hydroelectric generators and three 45 megawatts (60,000 hp) reversible pump generators. During periods of low demand, such as nighttime, the pump generators push water from the lower reservoir to the upper for use during peak hours. The first generator was commissioned in 1970, and the last in 1972.
The Middle Dnieper Hydroelectric Station is a run-of-river power plant on the Dnieper River in Kamianske, Ukraine, operated by Ukrhydroenergo.
The Kremenchuk Hydroelectric Power Plant is a run-of-river power plant on the Dnieper River just upstream of Kremenchuk in Svitlovodsk, Ukraine. The primary purpose of the dam is hydroelectric power generation and navigation. It is the third dam in the Dnieper cascade and creates the largest reservoir on the river. The dam has an associated lock and a power station with an installed capacity of 624 megawatts (837,000 hp). Construction on the dam began in May 1954, the reservoir began to fill in October 1959, the last generator was commissioned in 1960 and the dam and power plant were inaugurated in 1961. It is operated by Ukrhydroenergo.
The Vitimsky Hydroelectric Power Plant (HPP) Cascade is a proposed group of hydropower plants on the Vitim River in the Buryatia and Irkutsk regions of Russia.
Sevan–Hrazdan Cascade is a complex of hydroelectric power plants on the Hrazdan River and its tributaries between the Lake Sevan and Yerevan in Armenia. They use irrigation water flow from the Lake Sevan and streams waters of Hrazdan River. The cascade is owned by the International Energy Corporation (IEC), a subsidiary of Tashir Group owned by Samvel Karapetyan.
The Vorotan Cascade, or the ContourGlobal Hydro Cascade, is a cascade on the Vorotan River in Syunik Province, Armenia. It was built to produce hydroelectric power and provide irrigation water. The Vorotan Cascade consists of three hydroelectric power plants and five reservoirs with a combined installed capacity of 404.2 MW. It is one of the main power generation complexes in Armenia.
The Dzoraget Hydroelectric Power Station is situated in Dzoraget village, Lori Region, Armenia. The plant is located on the coast of Debed River, but it uses the flows of the waters of Dzoraget River. Construction of the Dzoraget HPP started in 1927 and it was launched on 15 November 1932 with the full installed capacity of 22.32 MW. As of 1980, the plant uses three generators with an installed capacity of 26.2 MW. The Dzoraget Hydro Power Plant is considered to be small size power plant. There is a little water storage behind the weir, as Dzoraget HPP is a run-of-the-river plant.
The share of renewables within energy in Ukraine is less than 5%. In 2020 10% of electricity was generated from renewables; made up of 5% hydro, 4% wind, and 1% solar. Biomass provides renewable heat. There is a National Renewable Energy Action Plan to 2030.
The power generation potential of the rivers in Azerbaijan is estimated at 40 billion kilowatt per hour, and feasible potential is 16 billion kilowatt per hour. Small-scale hydro has significant developmental potential in Azerbaijan. In particular, the lower reaches of the Kura river, the Aras river and other rivers flowing into the Caspian Sea. Hydropower could conceivably provide up to 30% of Azerbaijan’s electricity requirements. Currently, hydropower, dominated by large-scale dams, provides 11.4% of Azerbaijan’s electricity.
Tashlyk Pumped-Storage Power Plant is a pumped-storage power station near Pivdennoukrainsk in Mykolaiv Oblast, Ukraine. It connects Tashlyk reservoir with Oleksandrivska reservoir on the Southern Bug River.
Hydropower generates about 30% of Armenia's electricity but its share varies a lot from year to year.
Kaniv Pumped Storage Power Station is an unfinished pumped-storage hydroelectric power plant in the village of Buchak near the city of Kaniv in Cherkasy Oblast, Ukraine. Construction of the Kaniv PSP with a capacity of 3600 MW began in 1986 but was halted in 1991. An updated project adapted to the current state of Ukraine's unified energy system envisages the construction of a pumped storage power plant with a reduced capacity of 1000 MW.