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The Quran, also romanized Qur'an or Koran, is the central religious text of Islam, believed by Muslims to be a revelation from God. It is organized in 114 chapters which consist of individual verses. Besides its religious significance, it is widely regarded as the finest work in Arabic literature, and has significantly influenced the Arabic language. It is also the object of a modern field of academic research known as Quranic studies.
The Qur'an has been translated into most major African, Asian and European languages from Arabic.
Maryam is the 19th chapter (sūrah) of the Qur'an with 98 verses (āyāt). The 114 chapters in the Quran are roughly ordered by size. The Quranic chapter is named after Mary, mother of Jesus (Isa), and the Virgin Mary in Christian belief. It recounts the events leading up to the birth of Jesus. The text of the surah refers to many known prophetic figures, including Isaac, Jacob, Moses, Aaron, Ishmael, Idris, Adam, Zechariah and Noah.
Ṭā Hā is the 20th chapter (sūrah) of the Qur'an with 135 verses (āyāt). It is named "Ṭā Hā" because the chapter starts with the Arabic ḥurūf muqaṭṭaʿāt: طه (Ṭāhā) which is considered to be one of the names of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.
The Kneeling, is the 45th chapter (surah) of the Qur'an with 37 verses (ayat). It is a Meccan chapter, believed revealed according to the Islamic tradition during the Meccan phase of Muhammad's prophethood. This is one of the seven chapters in the Qur'an that start with the Muqattaʿat Hāʼ Mīm. It contains discussions of "signs of God" for humankind to reflect on, and describes punishments for those who deny God despite the signs. It also contains the only Quranic verse mentioning sharia, a term which Muslims later use to refer to the Islamic law.
Al-Qaria or The Calamity, is the 101st chapter (sūrah) of the Quran, with 11 āyāt or verses. This chapter takes its name from its first word "qariah", referring to the Quranic view of the end time and eschatology. "Qariah" has been translated as calamity, striking, catastrophe and clatterer. According to Ibn Kathir, a traditionalistic exegete, Al-Qariah is one of the names of the Day of Judgement, like Al-Haaqqa, At-Tammah, As-Sakhkhah and others.
Ar-Rahman is the 55th Chapter (Surah) of the Qur'an, with 78 verses (āyāt).
Al-Wāqiʻa is the 56th surah (chapter) of the Quran. Muslims believe it was revealed in Mecca, specifically around 7 years before the Hijrah (622), the migration of Muhammad to Medina. The total number of verses in this surah is 96. It mainly discusses the afterlife according to Islam, and the different fates people will face in it.
Esoteric interpretation of the Quran is the allegorical interpretation of the Quran or the quest for its hidden, inner meanings. The Arabic word taʾwīl was synonymous with conventional interpretation in its earliest use, but it came to mean a process of discerning its most fundamental understandings. "Esoteric" interpretations do not usually contradict the conventional interpretations; instead, they discuss the inner levels of meaning of the Quran.
Lex Mahumet pseudoprophete is the translation of the Qur'an into Medieval Latin by Robert of Ketton. It is the earliest translation of the Qur'an into a Western European language.
Giorgio Levi Della Vida was an Italian Jewish linguist whose expertise lay in Hebrew, Arabic, and other Semitic languages, as well as on the history and culture of the Near East.
Ludovico Marracci, also known by Luigi Marracci, was an Italian Oriental scholar and professor of Arabic in the College of Wisdom at Rome.
Anwar al-Tanzil wa-Asrar al-Ta'wil, better known as Tafsir al-Baydawi, is one of the most popular classical Sunni Qur'anic interpretational works (tafsir) composed by the 13th-century Muslim scholar al-Baydawi (d.1319), flourished especially among non-Arab Muslim regions. This work is based on the earlier work of al-Zamakhshari's al-Kashshaf. Al-Kashshaf, which has Mu'tazilite views, some of which al-Baydawi has amended, and some omitted. Tafsir al-Baydawi is also based on al-Raghib al-Isfahani's Mufradat Alfaz al-Qur'an and his tafsir, as well as al-Tafsir al-Kabir by Fakhr al-Din al-Razi.
The Kitāb Hurūshiyūsh is the name conventionally given to a medieval Arabic translation of Orosius's early fifth-century Historiae adversus paganos. The translation is not unique as an Andalusian translation of a Christian text into Arabic, but few others survive as they were no longer preserved once Arabic ceased to be widely read in the Iberian Peninsula. In the assessment of Ann Christys, the unique manuscript of the Arabic Orosius is now 'their most important representative.'
Quran is the Holy Book of Allah in Islam.
The Hinckelmann edition is an Arabic edition of the Quran produced by the German Protestant theologian and Islamologist Abraham Hinckelmann in Hamburg, 1694. This was the first time the Quran was printed in its entirety in Europe, and the original copy is still located in the Württembergische Landesbibliothek library in Stuttgart, Germany.
The Marracci edition is an Arabic edition and Latin translation of the Quran from 1698. It was published in two volumes under the title Alcorani Textus Universus Arabicè et Latinè in Padua, Italy by Ludovico Marracci, an Italian Oriental scholar and professor of Arabic in the College of Wisdom at Rome. His version of the Qurʻan included a life of Muhammad, with notes, and refutations of Muslim doctrines. The introduction to the work was published several years earlier in 1691, in Latin, titled the Prodromus Ad Refutationem Alcoran. Marracci published his Quran edition only four years after the publication of the Hinckelmann edition.
References
- ↑ Shore, Paul (2023). A Baroque Jesuit's Encounter with the Qur'an. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-12044-9.
- ↑ Giorgio Levi della Vida, “Il Padre Ludovico Marracci e le opere sue negli studi islamici,” Atti dell’ Accademia Lucchese di Scienze Lettere ed Arti n. s. 37 (1947): 105-25; at 124, note 33.
- 1 2 Shore, Paul (2017). "An Early Jesuit Encounter with the Qur'an: Ignazio Lomellini's Animadversiones, Notae ac Disputationes in Pestilentem Alcoranum". American Journal of Islam and Society. 34 (1): 1–22. doi:10.35632/ajis.v34i1.272. ISSN 2690-3741.
- ↑ Shore, Paul (2024). "A Solitary Jesuit Scholar and the Qur'an: The Translation and Commentary of Ignazio Lomellini". The Qur’an in Rome. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 978-3-11-109692-6.
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