History
In 1932, the paramilitary group was formed to "defend a Christian Brazil against the attacks of communism" and prepare the country for the establishment of the third Empire. The overwhelming majority of the group's members were in their youth, ecstatic after they heard the speeches which were given by Veiga, who supported the toppling of the "little, ridiculous, liberal-Judeo-Freemason-republican treacherous Brazil through the pen, through the word, and weapons". Just as other third-position movements had their salutes which they used to greet other members with, the Patrianovists would shout "Glória" (Glory), an alternative to "Por Deus, pelo Brasil, pelo Imperador" (For God, Brazil, Emperor), with their right arms lightly uplifted, holding their first three fingers counting from their thumbs up. "Glória" is a shortened version of "Glória to the Santíssima Trindade", which means "Glory to the most Holy Trinity". Even though the GUIP was supposed to be a paramilitary organization, they did not take any military action, never truly bearing weapons, as the true intent of the group was to showcase patrianovism, since most political organizations, such as the AIB, had their own militia. However, as Pátria Nova was not a moviment of the masses, the GUIP was never able to get to even grounds with the integralists green shirts.
Samba is a name or prefix used for several rhythmic variants, such as samba urbano carioca, samba de roda, recognized as part of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO, amongst many other forms of samba, mostly originated in the Rio de Janeiro and Bahia States.
Brazilian Integralism was a political movement in Brazil, created in October 1932. Founded and led by Plínio Salgado, a literary figure somewhat famous for his participation in the 1922 Modern Art Week, the movement had adopted some characteristics of European mass movements of those times, specifically of Italian fascism, but distanced itself from Nazism because Salgado himself did not support racism. He believed that every person of every race should unite under the Integralist flag. Despite the movement's slogan "Union of all races and all peoples", members and leaders like Gustavo Barroso held anti-Semitic views. The name of the party created to support its doctrine was Brazilian Integralist Action. The reference to Integralism mirrored a traditionalist movement in Portugal, the Lusitanian Integralism. For its symbol, the AIB used a flag with a white disk on a royal blue background, with an uppercase sigma (Σ) in its center.
The União dos Escoteiros do Brasil is the national Scouting organization of Brazil. Scouting in Brazil was founded in 1910 and was among the charter members of the World Organization of the Scout Movement in 1922. The União dos Escoteiros do Brasil itself was founded in 1924; it has 62,990 members as of 2021. The association is a member of the Comunidade do Escutismo Lusófono.
The Confederation of the Equator was a short-lived rebellion that occurred in the northeastern region of the Empire of Brazil in 1824, in the early years of the country's independence from Portugal. The secessionist movement was led by liberals who opposed the authoritarian and centralist policies of the nation's first leader, Emperor Pedro I. The fight occurred in the provinces of Pernambuco, Ceará and Paraíba.
Gustavo Adolfo Luiz Dodt da Cunha Barroso was a Brazilian lawyer, writer and politician associated with Brazilian Integralism and antisemitism. He was also known by the pseudonym João do Norte. Being considered a master of Brazilian folklore, he was the first director of the National Historical Museum and one of the leaders of the Brazilian Integralist Action, being one of its most prominent ideologists.
The Armed Forces of the Empire of Brazil were the overall unified military forces of the Empire of Brazil. The Brazilian military was first formed by Emperor Dom Pedro I to defend the new nation against the Portuguese in the Brazilian War of Independence. The Army and Armada were commissioned in 1822 with the objective of defeating and expelling the Portuguese troops from Brazilian soil.
The Brazilian Black Front, part of the Black Movement of Brazil, was Brazil's first political party representing the Black community. Formed in 1931 and active until the November 10, 1937 suspension of political parties by the then president, Getúlio Vargas, the Frente mobilized Brazil's Afro-Descendant community for a project of racial equality. Desegregation campaigns and popular education focusing on literacy were just two of the ways the Frente engaged in activism.
The Hino de Pernambuco, composed in 1908, is the official anthem of the Brazilian state of Pernambuco. Pernambuco is located in the Northeast region of Brazil. The state includes Olinda, the second oldest city in Brazil. The state's anthem exalts its beauty, historical achievements, and the past of the people of Pernambuco. The lyrics were written by Oscar Brandão da Rocha and the music was composed by Nicolino Milano.
The Imperial Brazilian Army was the name given to the land force of the Empire of Brazil. The Brazilian Army was formed after the independence of the country from Portugal in 1822 and reformed in 1889, after the republican coup d'état that created the First Brazilian Republic, a dictatorship headed by the army.
Diretório Monárquico do Brasil was a monarchical institution established in Rio de Janeiro in 1890, one year after the proclamation of the republic, by Afonso Celso de Assis Figueirado, The Viscount of Ouro Preto, the last Prime Minister of the Empire of Brazil, entrusted by the former Princess Regent Isabel, to whom they considered Empress of Brazil after the death of their father Pedro II, in 1891, to organize the actions of Brazilian monarchists. The organization was constituted as an unofficial representation of the deposed heiress to the throne of Brazil and also functioned as a council.
The movement for the re-adoption of monarchy in Brazil has taken place as a series of uprisings and political acts, usually in a fragmented way and peripherally to larger causes. It has been important historically and remains a fast-growing active movement to this day. It advocates restoration of the constitutional monarchy under the House of Orléans-Braganza, a cadet branch of the House of Braganza, which ruled Brazil for 72 years as the kingdom and later Empire of Brazil until the monarchy was abolished in 1889 by a military coup d'état that gave rise to the First Brazilian Republic.
Kaio Jorge Pinto Ramos, known as Kaio Jorge or simply Kaio, is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as a striker for Serie A club Frosinone, on loan from Juventus.
Kaiser is a short animated film, directed by the cartoonist Álvaro Marins, the Seth, in 1917. It is considered the first cartoon produced in Brazil.
Arlindo Veiga dos Santos was a Brazilian intellectual, poet, writer and politician. He was the founder of the Brazilian Patrianovist Imperial Action (AIPB) and Black Brazilian Front (FNB) and one of the most important leader of both groups.
The Brazilian Integralist Front is a Brazilian political movement with a fascist inspiration and an anti-liberal, anti-communist, traditionalist and extreme right nationalist character. It appeared in 2004, in the so-called I Integralist Congress for the 21st century, held in the city of São Paulo, but it was officially founded on January 22, 2005.
The Battle of Praça da Sé was a conflict between anti-fascists and integralists in the center of the city of São Paulo on October 7, 1934. Brazilian Integralist Action (AIB) had scheduled a rally for that day to commemorate the two years of the Integralist Manifesto, and, as soon as they learned of this intention, antifascists in São Paulo organized themselves to prevent the event from taking place. Although without centralized leadership, all the forces on the left of São Paulo took part in the conflict, which resulted in seven deaths - including an anti-fascist student, three Integralists, two police officers and a civil guard - and around thirty wounded.
The Brazilian Patrianovist Imperial Action, Pátria-Nova, or simply Patrianovism, was a monarchist organization that was present in many Brazilian states and that expressed the nationalist ideals of the 1920s and 1930s. Idealized by Arlindo Veiga dos Santos, it sought to establish a new organic monarchy in Brazil based on traditionalist policies, unlike what the now-defunct Empire of Brazil, which the patrianovists saw as liberal.
The Province of Alagoas was part of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves, and later of the Empire of Brazil, being created after the Captaincy of Alagoas.
Pelo Telefone is a song attributed to the Brazilian guitarist and composer Donga and considered to be the first samba song to be recorded in Brazil, according to records at the National Library of Brazil, although earlier recordings exist, such as "Samba - Em Casa da Bahiana" (1913) and "Urubu Malandro" (1914).
The Brazilian Integralist Action Militia were a paramilitary force linked to Brazilian Integralist Action (AIB). It was subordinated, at first, to the National Militia Department and, after the reorganization of the AIB in 1936, to the Department of Education. Both under the command of the writer and historian Gustavo Barroso and the then army captain Olímpio Mourão Filho.
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