 |
| Politics and government of Macau |
| Related topics |
 |
The functional constituency is a professional or special interest group involved in the electoral process, they make up part of the political systems of Macau in legislative branch. Eligible voters in a functional constituency are designated legal entities such as organisations and corporations. Hong Kong has a similar political system.
Legislative Assembly of Macau has twelve functional constituency seats. They represent:
| Election | 1992 (6th AL) | 1996 (7th/1st AL) | 2001 (2nd AL) | 2005 (3rd AL) | 2009 (4th AL) | 2013 (5th AL) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Deputy | Edmund Ho | Chui Sai Cheong | Cheang Chi Keong | |||||||||||
| Deputy | Vitor Ng | Ho Teng Iat | Kou Hoi In | |||||||||||
| Deputy | Pedro Macias | Hoi Sai Iun | Hoi Sai Iun | Fong Chi Keong | José Chui | |||||||||
| Deputy | Ma Man Kei | Susana Chou | Ho Iat Seng | |||||||||||
| Election | 1992 (6th AL) | 1996 (7th/1st AL) | 2001 (2nd AL) | 2005 (3rd AL) | 2009 (4th AL) | 2013 (5th AL) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Deputy | Lau Cheok Va | Lei Cheng I | ||||||||||
| Deputy | Pang Vai Kam | Kwan Tsui Hang | Tong Chi Kin | Lee Chong Cheng | Lam Heong Sang | |||||||
| Election | 1992 (6th AL) | 1996 (7th/1st AL) | 2001 (2nd AL) | 2005 (3rd AL) | 2009 (4th AL) | 2013 (5th AL) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Deputy | Leonel Alberto Alves | |||||||||||
| Deputy | New Seat | Chui Sai Cheong | ||||||||||
| Deputy | New Seat | Chan Iek Lap | ||||||||||
| Election | 2013 (5th AL) | |
|---|---|---|
| Deputy | Chan Hong |
| Election | 2013 (5th AL) | |
|---|---|---|
| Deputy | Chan Chak Mo | |
| Deputy | Vitor Cheung |
| Election | 1992 (6th AL) | 1996 (7th/1st AL) | 2001 (2nd AL) | 2005 (3rd AL) | 2009 (4th AL) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Deputy | Anabela Ritchie | Chan Chak Mo | ||||||||
| Deputy | New Seat | Fong Chi Keong | Vitor Cheung | |||||||
| Election | 1984 (4th AL) | 1988 (5th AL) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Deputy | Roque Choi | Edmund Ho |
| Election | 1976 (2nd AL) | 1980 (3rd AL) | 1984 (4th AL) | 1988 (5th AL) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Deputy | Ma Man Kei | |||||||
| Deputy | Pedro Macias | |||||||
| Deputy | Li Sai Veng | Victor Ng | ||||||
| Deputy | New Seat | Susana Chou | ||||||
| Deputy | New Seat | Chui Tak Kei | Lau Cheok Vá | |||||
| Election | 1976 (2nd AL) | 1980 (3rd AL) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Deputy | Lydia Ribeiro | Delfino Ribeiro |
| Election | 1976 (2nd AL) | 1980 (3rd AL) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Deputy | Chui Tak Kei | |||||
| Election | 1976 (2nd AL) | 1980 (3rd AL) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Deputy | Francisco Rodrigues | Joaquim Martins |
The Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions (HKFTU) is a pro-Beijing labour and political group established in 1948 in Hong Kong. It is the oldest and largest labour group in Hong Kong with over 420,000 members in 253 affiliates and associated trade unions. Presided by Ng Chau-pei and chaired by Kingsley Wong, it currently holds four seats in the Legislative Council and 43 seats in the District Councils.
In the political systems of Hong Kong, a functional constituency is a professional or special interest group involved in the electoral process. Eligible voters in a functional constituency may include natural persons as well as other designated legal entities such as organisations and corporations.
The Election Committee is a Hong Kong electoral college, the function of which is to select the Chief Executive (CE) and, since 2021, to elect 40 of the 90 members of the Legislative Council. Established by Annex I of the Basic Law of Hong Kong which states that "the Chief Executive shall be elected by a broadly representative Election Committee in accordance with this Law and appointed by the Central People's Government ." It is formed and performs its selection function once every five years, even in the event of a CE not completing their term. The membership of the Election Committee was expanded to 1,500 under the massive overhaul of the electoral system in 2021. The Election Committee has been criticised for its "small-circle" electoral basis and its composition favouring pro-Beijing and business interests.
The Hong Kong Professional Teachers' Union (HKPTU) was a pro-democracy trade union, professional association and social concern group in Hong Kong. At the time of its disbandment in 2021, it was the largest teachers' organisation in Hong Kong with over 95,000 members, representing over 90 per cent of the profession.
The government of Macau confers honors every year in the form of decorations, medals and honorary titles.
The 2000 Hong Kong Legislative Council election was held on 10 September 2000 for members of the 2nd Legislative Council (LegCo) of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR). The election returned 24 members from directly elected geographical constituencies, 6 seats from the Election Committee constituency and 30 members from functional constituencies, of which 9 uncontested.
Hong Kong Federation of Education Workers (HKFEW) is a pro-Beijing teachers union in Hong Kong. Established in 1975, it is currently the largest teachers union in Hong Kong, after the disbandment of the Hong Kong Professional Teachers' Union. It was established to "rally teachers to adopt the position of 'loving Hong Kong and the Motherland'", as part of China's united front work in Hong Kong's educational sector.
The 2012 Hong Kong Legislative Council election was held on 9 September 2012 for the 5th Legislative Council (LegCo) since the establishment of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
The 2011 Election Committee subsector elections took place between 7:30 am and 10:30 pm on 11 December 2011. The Election Committee sub-sector elections are a part of the contemporary political process of Hong Kong. The election's purpose is to decide the 1,044 members of the Election Committee of Hong Kong. The resulting Election Committee is then responsible for electing the Chief Executive of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR) in the 2012 Election.
The Labour functional constituency is a functional constituency in the elections for the Legislative Council of Hong Kong. It was one of the 12 functional constituency seats created for the 1985 Legislative Council election. It corresponds to the Labour Subsector in the Election Committee. The constituency is composed of 697 bodies that are trade unions of which all the voting members are employees.
The Engineering functional constituency is a functional constituency in the elections for the Legislative Council of Hong Kong first created in 1991, derived from the Engineering, Architectural, Surveying and Planning functional constituency. The constituency is composed of professional engineers and the members of the Hong Kong Institution of Engineers. As of 2021, it was composed of 10,772 registered voters.
The Industrial (Second) functional constituency is a functional constituency in the elections for the Legislative Council of Hong Kong first created in 1985. It was one of the 12 original functional constituency seats created for the first ever Legislative Council election in 1985 and is corresponding to the Industrial (Second) Subsector in the Election Committee. The constituency is composed of corporate members of the Chinese Manufacturers' Association of Hong Kong that are entitled to vote at general meetings of the Association. In 2021, there were 592 corporate electors in the constituency.
The Sports, Performing Arts, Culture and Publication functional constituency is a functional constituency in the elections for the Legislative Council of Hong Kong. The constituency is composed of corporate members of the Sports Federation & Olympic Committee of Hong Kong, China, Hong Kong Sports Institute, Hong Kong Publishing Federation and other designated associations of performing arts, broadcasting and culture.
Legislative elections were held in Macau on 15 September 2013 according to the provisions of the Basic Law of Macau. This election was the first of its kind succeeding the reform of the Legislative Assembly that created four new seats; two new geographical constituency seats and two new functional constituency seats. Out of a total of 33 seats, 14 were elected by universal suffrage under the highest averages method, while 12 were voted on from the Functional constituency, and 7 from nomination by the Chief Executive.
Jimmy Ng Wing-ka, JP is a solicitor and businessman in Hong Kong. He is the vice-president of the Chinese Manufacturers' Association of Hong Kong (CMAHK). In the 2016 Legislative Council election, Ng ran unopposed in the CMAHK's Industrial (Second) functional constituency, succeeding Lam Tai-fai in the seat.
The concept of separation of powers has been considered and disputed in Hong Kong and its various forms of government. Prior to the Handover of Hong Kong in 1997, the government of British Hong Kong did not have a Western-style separation of powers. The post-handover Hong Kong Basic Law does not explicitly prescribe a separation of powers, but allocates power to the Executive Council, Legislative Council, and Judiciary. Since the 1997 handover, whether the separation of powers principle exists within the Hong Kong political system has been disputed among the Hong Kong SAR Government, central Chinese Government, and public media.
Legislative elections were held in Portuguese Macau on 15 August 1984. There were 17 members of the Legislative Assembly of Macau up for election: six directly elected by electorates, six indirectly elected by special interest groups, and five appointed by the Governor of Macau.
The Macau Federation of Trade Unions (MFTU) is a pro-Beijing labour and political group in Macau. It is the largest and most influential labour group in the city, with over 50,000 members in 43 associated trade unions. Presided by Ho Sut Heng and chaired by Lee Chong Cheng, it currently holds four seats in the Legislative Assembly.