Coordinates | 26°24′N153°06′W / 26.4°N 153.1°W Coordinates: 26°24′N153°06′W / 26.4°N 153.1°W |
---|---|
Diameter | 37 km |
Depth | Unknown |
Colongitude | 154° at sunrise |
Eponym | Albert G. Ingalls |
Ingalls is an old lunar impact crater that lies on the far side of the Moon. It is located to the north-northwest of the walled plain Mach. About the same distance to the west is the crater Joule.
Lunar craters are impact craters on Earth's Moon. The Moon's surface has many craters, almost all of which were formed by impacts.
An impact crater is an approximately circular depression in the surface of a planet, moon, or other solid body in the Solar System or elsewhere, formed by the hypervelocity impact of a smaller body. In contrast to volcanic craters, which result from explosion or internal collapse, impact craters typically have raised rims and floors that are lower in elevation than the surrounding terrain. Impact craters range from small, simple, bowl-shaped depressions to large, complex, multi-ringed impact basins. Meteor Crater is a well-known example of a small impact crater on Earth.
Earth's Moon is an astronomical body that orbits the planet and acts as its only permanent natural satellite. It is the fifth-largest satellite in the Solar System, and the largest among planetary satellites relative to the size of the planet that it orbits. The Moon is, after Jupiter's satellite Io, the second-densest satellite in the Solar System among those whose densities are known.
This crater has been heavily damaged by subsequent impacts, leaving little more than an irregular depression in the surface. The outer rim is rounded and pock-marked by small impacts. The interior floor is a nearly featureless surface with a few tiny craterlets. Faint traces of ray material from the crater Jackson, some distance to the west-southwest, lie across the northern rim of Ingalls.
A ray system comprises radial streaks of fine ejecta thrown out during the formation of an impact crater, looking somewhat like many thin spokes coming from the hub of a wheel. The rays may extend for lengths up to several times the diameter of their originating crater, and are often accompanied by small secondary craters formed by larger chunks of ejecta. Ray systems have been identified on the Moon, Earth, Mercury, and some moons of the outer planets. Originally it was thought that they existed only on planets or moons lacking an atmosphere, but more recently they have been identified on Mars in infrared images taken from orbit by 2001 Mars Odyssey's thermal imager.
Jackson is a prominent lunar impact crater that is located in the northern hemisphere on the far side of the Moon. Less than one crater to the northeast is the crater Mineur, and to the south-southwest lies McMath.
By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Ingalls.
Ingalls | Latitude | Longitude | Diameter |
---|---|---|---|
G | 25.8° N | 150.4° W | 55 km |
M | 24.0° N | 153.0° W | 27 km |
U | 27.3° N | 156.2° W | 28 km |
V | 27.4° N | 155.3° W | 27 km |
Y | 29.7° N | 154.1° W | 23 km |
Z | 30.3° N | 153.3° W | 25 km |
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Ewen Adair Whitaker was a British-born astronomer who specialized in lunar studies. During World War II he was engaged in quality control for the lead sheathing of hollow cables strung under the English Channel as part of the "Pipe Line Under The Ocean" Project (PLUTO) to supply gasoline to Allied military vehicles in France. After the war, he obtained a position at the Royal Greenwich Observatory working on the UV spectra of stars, but became interested in lunar studies. As a sideline, Whitaker drew and published the first accurate chart of the South Polar area of the Moon in 1954, and served as director of the Lunar Section of the British Astronomical Association.
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is an independent agency of the United States Federal Government responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and aerospace research.
The United States Geological Survey is a scientific agency of the United States government. The scientists of the USGS study the landscape of the United States, its natural resources, and the natural hazards that threaten it. The organization has four major science disciplines, concerning biology, geography, geology, and hydrology. The USGS is a fact-finding research organization with no regulatory responsibility.