Injaram

Injaram
Village
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Injaram Location in Andhra Pradesh, India Show map of Andhra Pradesh Injaram Injaram (India) Show map of India
Coordinates: 16°26′28″N82°06′05″E / 16.4410°N 82.1014°E / 16.4410; 82.1014
Country	India
State	Andhra Pradesh
District	Kakinada district
Area [1]
• Total	4.97 km2 (1.92 sq mi)
Population  (2011) [1]
• Total	4,722
• Density	950/km2 (2,500/sq mi)
Languages
• Official	Telugu
Time zone	UTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN	533464 [2]

Injaram is a village in Kakinada district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh State. It is located in Tallarevu mandal of Kakinada revenue division. ^[1] The Kakinada district was recently formed in 2022 by carving out Kakinada and Peddapuram revenue divisions from East Godavari district. ^[3] This village is located in the vicinity of Yanam which was an ex-French colony and now part of Puducherry Union Territory.

History

See also: Rajamundry Sarkar

Paragana during Muslim rule

During the rule of Qutb Shahis and Nizam it was a Paragana (Taluk) under the Circar (district) of Rajamundry, which was in turn part of Subah of Deccan of Mughal Empire. When the British set up a factory here they kept the name of Paragana to their establishment. Early British and French records mention that the original name of this place was Comprapollam, Kamprapalom, Cambrepalum (i.e. Kāpulapālem). ^{[4] [5]} Incidentally, Kapulapalem is the village situated next to Injaram towards east of it. Injaram Paragana was one of the 24 Paraganas of Rajahmundry Sarkar. It was name of a province (i.e. initially a Sthala and later a Pargana) during earlier times and referred as Vinjavaram, ^[6] Vinjaram by natives during Gajapati rule, Ajiram, Wajiram by Muslim writers during Mughal and Nizam rule, ^[7] and as Bingiron, ^{[note 1]} Veneron, ^[9] Injeram, ^[10] Ingeram, ^[11] Angerang ^[12] and Ingiron ^[13] by Europeans in the olden days. Injaram pargana was part of the Peddapuram Zamindary and the village of Injaram was a mootah (estate).

Injaram referred as Bingiron in a 1652 French Map of Indian peninsula by Nicolas Sanson. Injaram was named of Paragana during the Muslim rule.

Relation with Old Injaram

There is a local legend saying the Injaram and Patha (Old) Injaram were once united as one village and by the passage of time got split by Godavari river due to floods. Thus the Godavari passing between these two now referred as Gautami and the old passage being referred as Vriddha Gautami. Old Injaram village is now on the other bank of Gautami river within Island Polavalam mandal of Konaseema district. Interestingly, in early British records, the Injaram Paragana (district) was counted along with Muramalla village (now located on the other side of Gautami within Island Polavalam mandal) and said to have comprised 22 villages. ^[11]

English colony

In 1708, the British government from Vizagapatam set up a factory in Injaram and settled at the village. However they abandoned soon afterwards and reestablished after few years in 1722. ^[12] In 1757, under the French occupied it. But in 1759, the French after losing Machilipatnam, the Injaram factory fell back into the hands of the British. ^[14] Weavers of the village worked for the Dutch and the British. ^[15] In Injaram, finest quality of cloths were weaved in the country. After abolition of the factory, the prosperity of Injaram declined. ^[16]

Around 1774, Injaram was one of the 30 divisions or mootahs (proprietary estates) that were very active in weaving industry. These villages were Mandapetaa, Doolah, Pasalapoody, Pundalapauka, Colavarocondah, Ventakapallam, Bandarlanka, Amalapuram, Peddapoody, Peddapatnam, Dungaroo (Dangeru), Rustumbadah, Tanuku; Chintaparty, Uppada, Hassanalibadah, Rajahmundry, Angarah, Arrivatum (Aryavatam), Coprepollam (i.e. Injaram), Dharmavaram, Relangi, Duvva, Tuni, Bheemavaram, Penumadam, Marteroo and three others ^[17]

Relation with Yanam

The French records mention that they have established a lodge in Yanaon within the Paragana of Injaram, Rajamundry Sarkar in 1723 and Yanam remained under French rule until 1962. ^[13]

Demographics

As of 2011 ^[update] census, Injaram had a population of 4,722. The total population constitute, 2,373 males and 2,349 females —a sex ratio of 990 females per 1000 males. 466 children are in the age group of 0–6 years, of which 245 are boys and 221 are girls. The average literacy rate stands at 66.54% with 2,832 literates, slightly lower than the state average of 67.41%. ^{[1] [18]}

References

1. "District Census Handbook – East Godavari" (PDF). Census of India. The Registrar General & Census Commissioner. pp. 16, 480. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 November 2015. Retrieved 13 May 2016.
2. "Pin Code of Injaram in East Godavari, Andhra Pradesh". mapsofindia.com. Retrieved 1 July 2016.
3. "కొత్త జిల్లా తాజా స్వరూపం". Eenadu.net (in Telugu). 31 March 2022. Retrieved 4 August 2022.
4. Joseph François Marquis DUPLEIX (1759). "Mémoire pour le Sieur D. contre la Compagnie des Indes: avec les pièces justificatives, Volume 2". p. 89. Retrieved 3 July 2022– via Google Books.
5. ,de Beaumont d' Éon, Charles (1775). Les Loisirs du chevalier d'Eon de Beaumont, ancien ministre plénipotentiaire de France sur divers sujets importants d'administration, etc. pendant son séjour en Angleterre. p. 290 – via Google Books.
6. Ray, Dipti (2007). Prataparudradeva, the Last Great Suryavamsi King of Orissa (A.D. 1497 to A.D. 1540). Northern Book Centre. p. 52. ISBN   9788172111953.
7. Irfan Habib (1982). An Atlas of the Mughal Empire: Political and Economic Maps with Detailed Notes, Bibliography and Index. Centre of Advanced Study in History, Aligarh Muslim University. p. 60. ISBN   978-0-19-560379-8 . Retrieved 3 August 2022.
8. "Guiana and Caribana". World Digital Library . 1700–1799. Retrieved 25 October 2013.
9. Erben Homann (1733). Peninsula Indiae citra Gangem hoc est orae celeberrimae Malabar et Coromandel: cum adjacente insula non minus celebratissima Ceylon [The peninsula of India on this side of the Ganges is the most famous coast of Malabar and Coromandel: with the adjacent island no less famous than Ceylon](46 x 53 cm) (Map). 1:3,000,000 (in Latin). Nuremberg: Homann Heirs. Retrieved 3 August 2022.
10. Journal of the Andhra Historical Research Society, Volumes 29-30. Andhra Historical Research Society. 1963. p. 13 – via Google Books.
11. Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Select Committee on the East India Company (1966). Madras Presidency. J. Higginbotham. p. 214 – via Google Books.
12. ,Hamilton, Alexander (1744). A New Account of the East Indies. C. Hitch; and A. Millar. p. 375 – via Google Books.
13. Cultru, Prosper (1901). "V". Dupleix: ses plans politiques; sa disgrace. Étude d'histoire coloniale (Doctoral thesis) (in French). Université de Paris. p. 91. Retrieved 3 July 2022.
14. Morris, Henry (1878). A Descriptive and Historical Account of the Godavery District in the Presidency of Madras. Trübner. p.  193 . Retrieved 2 July 2016. factory in Injaram.
15. Brimnes, Niels (1999). Constructing the Colonial Encounter: Right and Left Hand Castes in Early Colonial South India. Psychology Press. p. 87. ISBN   9780700711062 . Retrieved 2 July 2016.
16. Hemingway, F. R. (1 January 2000). Godavari district gazetteer. Asian Educational Services. ISBN   9788120614611 . Retrieved 1 July 2016– via Google Books.
17. P. Swarnalatha (2005). The World of the Weaver in Northern Coromandel, C.1750-c.1850. Orient Blackswan. p. 74. ISBN   9788125028680.
18. "Literacy of AP (Census 2011)" (PDF). Official Portal of Andhra Pradesh Government. p. 43. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 5 September 2014.

Notes

1. This was mentioned in a 1652 map by a French cartographer Nicolas Sanson, who is known as father of French cartography. ^[8]