Intendencia de Lima | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Intendancy of the Spanish Empire | |||||||||||
1784–1821 | |||||||||||
The intendancy within Peru in 1810 | |||||||||||
Capital | Lima | ||||||||||
Government | |||||||||||
Intendant | |||||||||||
• 1784–1787 | Jorge Escobedo y Alarcón | ||||||||||
• 1805–1809; 1812–1820 | Juan María Gálvez | ||||||||||
• 1820–1821 | Bartolomé María de Salamanca | ||||||||||
Historical era | Viceroyalty of Peru | ||||||||||
• Established | 1784 | ||||||||||
12 February 1821 | |||||||||||
• Replaced | 4 October 1821 | ||||||||||
Subdivisions | |||||||||||
• Type | Partidos | ||||||||||
• Units | See relevant section | ||||||||||
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The Intendancy of Lima (Spanish : Intendencia de Lima), also known informally as Lima Province (Spanish : Provincia de Lima), was one of the territorial divisions of the Viceroyalty of Peru. The territory was ruled from the capital city of Lima. It was created in 1784 and lasted until 12 February 1821 when General Jose de San Martin created the Department of the Coast through the Reglamento Provisional to replace it in the new Republic of Peru. [1]
On December 22, 1574, when viceroy Francisco de Toledo reorganised the Indian Corregimientos , which had been created by governor Lope García de Castro in 1565 by appointing native judges, he ordered that the corregimientos of Huarochirí, Huaylas, Ica, Jauja, Arnedo, Cajatambo and Canta depended on the ordinary mayors of the Cabildo of Lima. All of them in the district of the Real Audiencia of Lima. In 1576, Cañete was created, separating it from Ica and the city of Lima. In 1591 the Cercado de Lima was separated from Lima and Cañete. In the 17th century, the port of Callao began to have a military governor appointed by the king. [2]
The intendancy system was established in the Viceroyalty of Peru by royal order of August 5, 1783. The first intendant of Lima (who took office in 1784) was the visitor general Jorge Escobedo y Alarcón , [3] approved by the king on January 24 of 1785. In 1787, the mayor's office was left in the hands of the viceroy until 1805 when Juan María Gálvez, then intendant of Huancavelica, took office, being named on September 22, 1804. [4] In 1809, the intendancy was suppressed, [5] although by 1811 it had been reestablished with Galvez back in office. [6]
The parts of the intendancy occupied by the Liberating Expedition of Peru were replaced by the Department of the Coast on 12 February 1821, proclaimed by General Jose de San Martin through the Reglamento Provisional during the Peruvian War of Independence, [1] and later in its entirety with the creation of the Department of Lima by the Provisional Statute, promulgated on October 8, 1821. [7]
The intendancy was divided into nine partidos. [8]
Partido | Head (city of government) |
---|---|
Lima | Ciudad de los Reyes |
Ica | Villa de Valverde |
Cañete | San Vicente de Cañete |
Amedo | Villa de Arnedo |
Santa | Santa María de la Parrilla |
Canta | Canta |
Yauyos | Yauyos |
Huarochirí | Huarochirí |
Callao | Callao |
The Governors (intendants) who ruled the intendancy of Lima were: [6]
The Department of Lima, known as the Department of the Capital until 1823, is a department and region located in the central coast of Peru; the seat of the regional government is Huacho.
The Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata meaning "River of the Silver", also called the "Viceroyalty of River Plate" in some scholarly writings, in southern South America, was the last to be organized and also the shortest-lived of one of the viceroyalties of the Spanish Empire in the Americas. The name "Provincias del Río de la Plata" was formally adopted in 1810 during the Cortes of Cádiz to designate the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata.
Santa Ana de la Ribera de Tarma, known as Tarma, is the capital city of Tarma Province in Junín Region, Perú. The city has a population of 43,042 as of the 2017 census.
The Intendancy of Paraguay, also known as the Intendancy of Asunción was an administrative-territorial unit that was part of the Viceroyalty of Rio de la Plata. It was created on 28 January 1782 and came to an end after the May 1811 Revolution.
The Intendancy of Trujillo, also known informally as Trujillo Province, was one of the territorial divisions of the Viceroyalty of Peru. This territory was ruled from the city of Trujillo, located in La Libertad Region. It was created in 1784 and lasted until 12 February 1821 when General Jose de San Martin created the Department of Trujillo through the Reglamento Provisional to replace it in the new Republic of Peru.
The Intendancy of Chiloé, was an ephemeral administrative division of the Spanish Empire that existed in Chiloé Archipelago, then part of the Captaincy General of Chile, itself part of the Viceroyalty of Peru, between 1784 and 1789.
The Governorate of Chiloé was political and military subdivision of the Spanish Empire that existed, with a 1784–1789 interregnum, from 1567 to 1852. The Governorate of Chiloé depended on the Captaincy General of Chile until the late 18th century when it was made dependent directly on the Viceroyalty of Peru. The administrative change was done simultaneously as the capital of the archipelago was moved from Castro to Ancud in 1768. The last Royal Governor of Chiloé, Antonio de Quintanilla, depended directly on the central government in Madrid.
The Provisional Regulations are the name given to an official document issued on February 12, 1821, by José de San Martín as Protector of Peru, considered the first legal document of the newly born state. The 20-article long document replaced the system of government established by the Spanish Empire, and applied to the territories occupied by the Liberating Army, which at the time were the province of Chancay—where San Martín's headquarters were set up in Huaura—and the intendancies of Tarma and Trujillo. These territories were organised in four departments, each headed by a president: Trujillo, Coast, Huaylas and Tarma.
The Cabildo of Lima was the governing body of Lima and, since 1874, its intendancy. It was created four days after the creation of the city in 1535, existing until its suppression during the independence of Peru in 1821. It was headed by the Alcalde Ordinario.
The Department of the Coast was a short-lived department of the Protectorate of Peru that existed from 1821 to 1823. The department's lone leader, who held the title of President, was Vicente Dupuy.
The Intendancy of Huamanga, also known informally as Huamanga Province, was one of the territorial divisions of the Viceroyalty of Peru, ruled from the city of Guamanga and under the jurisdiction of the Bishopric of Huamanga. It was created in 1784 and was the site of the Battle of Ayacucho, a decisive moment in the Peruvian War of Independence that ended the viceroyalty's existence. It was ultimately replaced by the Department of Ayacucho in 1825.
The Intendancy of Arequipa, also known informally as Arequipa Province, was one of the territorial divisions of the Viceroyalty of Peru, ruled from the city of Arequipa and under the jurisdiction of the Bishopric of Arequipa. It existed from 1784 to 1824, receiving the news of the result of the Battle of Ayacucho in late December of the same year.
The Intendancy of Cuzco, also known informally as Cuzco Province, was one of the territorial divisions of the Viceroyalty of Peru, ruled from the city of Cuzco and under the jurisdiction of the Bishopric of Cuzco.
The Intendancy of Huancavelica, also known informally as Huancavelica Province, was one of the territorial divisions of the Viceroyalty of Peru. The territory was ruled from Huancavelica. It existed from 1784 to 1822.
The Intendancy of Tarma, also known informally as Tarma Province, was one of the territorial divisions of the Viceroyalty of Peru. The territory was ruled from Tarma. It existed from its creation in 1784 until it was replaced by the departments of Tarma and Huaylas on February 12, 1821.
The Department of Huaylas was a short-lived department of the Protectorate of Peru that existed from 1821 to 1823, when it was annexed into the Department of Huánuco. It was later reestablished in 1835 and incorporated as a department of the Peru–Bolivian Confederation, being dissolved in 1839 along with the state.
The Intendancy of Puno, also known informally as Puno Province, was one of the territorial divisions of the Spanish Empire in the Altiplano region, initially as part of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata and later of the Viceroyalty of Peru. The territory was ruled from San Carlos de Puno.
The Department of Trujillo was a short-lived department of the Protectorate of Peru that existed from 1821 to 1825, when it renamed into the Department of La Libertad.
Las intendencias que se erigieron en el Perú fueron 7, y despues se agregó la octava con el territorio de Puno. Había 54 partidos ó subdelegaciones con 1,360 pueblos. En Lima se vino á crear la intendencia en 1803 nombrándose en 22 de Setiembre de 1804 de primer intendente al coronel D. Juan María Galvez que lo era de Huancavelica. La de Lima tenia atribuciones limitadas por hallarse presente la autoridad del Virrey.
Por Suprema resolucion de la Junta, se suprimió la Intendencia de Lima, que la servia D. Juan María Galvez, [...]