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Longwy is a commune in the French department of Meurthe-et-Moselle, Lorraine, administrative region of Grand Est, northeastern France.
Usinor was a French steel making group formed in 1948. The group was merged with Sacilor in 1986, becoming Usinor-Sacilor and was privatised in 1995, and renamed Usinor in 1997.
Jacob Émile Albert Mayrisch was a Luxembourgian industrialist and businessman. He served as president of Arbed.
Before 1800 A.D., the iron and steel industry was located where raw material, power supply and running water were easily available. After 1950, the iron and steel industry began to be located on large areas of flat land near sea ports. The history of the modern steel industry began in the late 1850s. Since then, steel has become a staple of the world's industrial economy. This article is intended only to address the business, economic and social dimensions of the industry, since the bulk production of steel began as a result of Henry Bessemer's development of the Bessemer converter, in 1857. Previously, steel was very expensive to produce, and was only used in small, expensive items, such as knives, swords and armor.
Hydrocarbons are the leading sector in Algeria's mineral industry, which includes diverse but modest production of metals and industrial minerals. In 2006, helium production in Algeria accounted for about 13% of total world output. Hydrocarbons produced in Algeria accounted for about 2.9% of total world natural gas output and about 2.2% of total world crude oil output in 2006. Algeria held about 21% of total world identified resources of helium, 2.5% of total world natural gas reserves, and about 1% of total world crude oil reserves.
The Compagnie anonyme de Châtillon et Commentry was a French steelmaking company, formed as a limited company in 1862 from the Société Bouguéret, Martenot et Cie., a creation from the combination of several French iron makers in 1846.
In the industrial sector, the Luxembourg steel industry continues to occupy the first place in the country, even after the industrial reforms which have taken place since the 1960s.
Minette is a type of mineral deposit, consisting of iron ore of sedimentary origin, found in the south of Luxembourg and in Lorraine. Minette ore was deposited in the Early Jurassic and Middle Jurassic.
The Comité des forges was an organization of leaders of the French iron and steel industry from 1864 to 1940, when it was dissolved by the Vichy government. It typically took a protectionist attitude on trade issues, and was opposed to social legislation that would increase costs. At times it was influential, particularly during World War I (1914–18), and the Left often viewed it with justified suspicion. However the Comité des forges always suffered from divisions among its members, and the government often ignored its advice.
Jules Antoine Marie Philippe Aubrun was a French engineer. He served as an executive in various mining and steel making companies, and helped coordinate the iron and steel industry in France before, during and after World War II (1939–45).
Adrien Charles Joseph Robert de Wendel d'Hayange, often known as Robert de Wendel, was a French steelmaker, heir of a long line of Lorraine industrialists. He and his brother Henri ran several large steelworks in Lorraine. From 1898 until his accidental death in 1903 he was president of the Comité des forges, the French steelmakers' association.
Humbert de Wendel was a French steelmaker who came from a long line of Lorrainian industrialists. He and his brother François de Wendel were among the leaders of the French steel industry from before World War I until after World War II.
The Société des aciéries de Longwy was a steelworks located in Longwy, Meurthe-et-Moselle, France.
The Société Mokta El Hadid was an iron ore mining company in Algeria, and later in other West African countries. From around 1865 until 1927 it was the largest mining company in Algeria, delivering ore of exceptional quality for processing in France. In 1878 the original Mokta El Hadid mine near Bône was said to be capable of supporting 25% of Europe's steel production. Before this mine was exhausted the company opened additional mines in Algeria. Later it extended its operations to countries such as Tunisia, Morocco, Niger, Côte-d'Ivoire and Madagascar, and mined manganese, chromium and uranium. In October 1970 the Société le Nickel, soon to become the Imétal holding company, took over the Mokta company. The company was later renamed Compagnie française de Mokta (CFM), specializing in uranium mining.
Camille Cavallier was a French industrialist who directed the Pont-à-Mousson iron works in Lorraine in the first quarter of the 20th century, specializing in making cast iron pipes. He came from a poor family but obtained a good technical education and joined the iron maker as an employee in 1874. He rose rapidly through the ranks, and started to acquire shares. Soon after taking charge of the company he became the largest shareholder. He quadrupled production in the years leading up to World War I (1914–18). The company was devastated by the war, but Cavallier managed to bring production back up to prewar levels before his death.
Sollac was a French steel company formed in December 1948 as a cooperative to produce steel rolls in Lorraine from steel provided by several other companies. There were various changes of ownership during the years that followed. In 1970 the company, under pressure from the French government, began to develop a large new continuous strip mill in the south of France. The French steel industry soon went into crisis, with excess capacity and declining demands from automobile manufacturers and the construction industry. Sollac became a subsidiary of Usinor in 1987, responsible for all flat products. In 2002 Usinor became part of Arcelor, which in turn was merged into ArcelorMittal in 2006.
The Comptoir Métallurgique de Longwy was a cartel of iron smelters seated in Longwy, a town in Lorraine, department Meurthe-et-Moselle, France. In a narrower sense of the term, the ‘Comptoir de Longwy’ was only the ‘’sales agency’’ of the respectively underlying cartel, which also enclosed its member firms and possible other cartel organs. As a legal entity, the Comptoir Métallurgique de Longwy existed from December 10, 1876, to February 1, 1921. It should not be mixed up with the Aciéries de Longwy, which was temporarily a member firm of the cartel not earlier than 1880 and survived the cartel up to 1978.
The Société de l'Ouenza was an Algerian iron ore mining company founded in 1913 and nationalized in 1966. It exploited rich deposits of high-quality ore at two sites in northeast Algeria near the Tunisian border. The ore was sent by rail to the port of Bône, then shipped to refineries in the UK, Europe and North America. At its peak it employed 4,000 workers who were housed in company towns.
Cartel seats as monuments were the headquarters or other premises of historical, no longer existing cartels in the sense of a group of cooperating, but potentially also rival enterprises. Often, these associations had been syndicate cartels, being an advanced form of entrepreneurial combination because of their tight organization with a common sales agency. The cartel buildings had been used for secretariats, meeting rooms, sales offices, advertising agencies, research departments and further more. Many such historical buildings can still be found in Europe and the United States.
Mining in Luxembourg mostly refers to the extraction of iron ores, known as Minette. Iron-ore mining, both open-pit and underground, had significant economic and political importance in Luxembourg for an entire century, especially from the second half of the 19th century onwards. This was especially the case after modern technology made it possible to make use of the oolitic iron ores found in the region for iron and steel production. These iron ores were already known during Roman times, but the technological capabilities to exploit them did not yet exist.
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Berger, Françoise (21 December 2009). La France, l'Allemagne et l'acier (1932-1952): De la stratégie des cartels à l'élaboration de la CECA (PhD thesis) (in French). Retrieved 25 February 2024.
- ↑ "1918-1928 : la reconstruction des mines de Lens". Le Lensois Normand Tome 5 (in French). Retrieved 2024-02-25.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Lederer, J.-J. (1951). "La sidérurgie européenne et les cartels avant le plan Schuman". Politique étrangère. 16 (4–5): 397–412. doi:10.3406/polit.1951.2706.
- 1 2 3 Margairaz, Michel (1989). Pierre Mendès France et l'économie: pensée et action: Actes du colloque organisé par l'Institut Pierre Mendès France, les 11 et 12 janvier 1988. Paris: Éditions Odile Jacob.
- ↑ Mioche, Philippe (1999). "La reconstruction de la sidérurgie européenne, 1945-1949: sérénité des uns, nouveau départ pour les autres". Histoire, économie & société. La reconstruction économique de l'Europe (1945-1953) (in French). 18 (2): 399. doi:10.3406/hes.1999.2040.