Ira Pauly

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Ira Basil Pauly (born November 15, 1930) is an American psychiatrist who was an All American college football player at UCLA, and is known for his influential work on transsexualism.

Contents

Early life

Pauly attended grammar school in Beverly Hills, California, and then Beverly Hills High School. [1]

He then earned his undergraduate degree with honors from the University of California, Los Angeles, in 1954, where he belonged to the fraternity Tau Epsilon Phi (TEP). [1] There he was a standout football for the UCLA Bruins football team and rugby player. [2] [3] He won the Bruins' 1952 most improved player trophy [2] and 1953 Spirit and Scholarship Award [2] and was named a First Team Academic All-American in 1953. in 1953. [2] That season, UCLA won the Pacific Coast Conference and played in the Rose Bowl, [4] during which he started both ways, as center and linebacker. [5] As to his mother's reaction to him playing football, he said: "My mother wasn’t that crazy about it, though she never forbade me. In those days, the Jewish son was supposed to be a doctor, not a football player." [1]

He was selected as the 1953 Los Angeles Jewish Collegiate Athlete of the Year by B'nai B'rith. [2] In 2004, Pauly was inducted into the Southern California Jewish Sports Hall of Fame. [2]

He graduated from UCLA Medical School in 1958, and did his internship there. [5]

Career

In the 1960s, while on the faculty at University of Oregon Medical School, Pauly began writing and speaking about the treatment of transsexualism. He became supportive of sex reassignment surgery in 1961 "after soul-searching deliberation." [6] Pauly noted that both transsexualism and abortion were "sex and tabooed topics" that elicited strong responses. [6] Pauly is credited for undertaking the first global review of the published outcome data on transsexualism in 1965. [7]

Also in the mid-1960s, he began collaborating with endocrinologist Harry Benjamin, who cited Pauly's work in The Transsexual Phenomenon. [8] The two later worked to popularize their research in the lay press. [9] In 1975, Pauly and University of Oregon medical student Thomas W. Lindgren introduced the Body Image Scale, with which subjects rate feelings about 30 body parts from 1 (very satisfied) to 5 (very dissatisfied). [10] His 1981 follow-up report on outcome data was later published with independent reviews by Bengt Lundström and Jan Wålinder in 1984. Pauly was president of the Harry Benjamin International Gender Dysphoria Association, now known as the World Professional Association for Transgender Health, from 1985 to 1987.

Pauly left Oregon for an appointment as professor and chairman at the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Nevada School of Medicine in Reno, Nev. Under his leadership, the Department of Psychiatry developed a fully accredited residency. [11] He retired from the medical school in 1994.

Pauly also served on the American Psychiatric Association's Subcommittee on Gender Identity Disorders. [12] He continued to practice clinically until 2010.

Personal life

He married Ann Flanagan in 1960. He has four sons, Brett, Quinn, Devin, and Tye, and seven grandchildren.

Selected publications

Related Research Articles

Gender dysphoria (GD) is the distress a person experiences due to a mismatch between their gender identity—their personal sense of their own gender—and their sex assigned at birth. The term replaced the previous diagnostic label of gender identity disorder (GID) in 2013 with the release of the diagnostic manual DSM-5. The condition was renamed to remove the stigma associated with the term disorder. The International Classification of Diseases uses the term gender incongruence instead of gender dysphoria, defined as a marked and persistent mismatch between gender identity and assigned gender, regardless of distress or impairment.

Gender-affirming surgery (GAS) is a surgical procedure, or series of procedures, that alters a person's physical appearance and sexual characteristics to resemble those associated with their identified gender. The phrase is most often associated with transgender health care and intersex medical interventions, though many such treatments are also pursued by cisgender and non-intersex persons. It is also known as sex reassignment surgery (SRS), gender confirmation surgery (GCS), and several other names.

Gender identity is the personal sense of one's own gender. Gender identity can correlate with a person's assigned sex or can differ from it. In most individuals, the various biological determinants of sex are congruent and consistent with the individual's gender identity. Gender expression typically reflects a person's gender identity, but this is not always the case. While a person may express behaviors, attitudes, and appearances consistent with a particular gender role, such expression may not necessarily reflect their gender identity. The term gender identity was coined by psychiatry professor Robert J. Stoller in 1964 and popularized by psychologist John Money.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Harry Benjamin</span> German-American endocrinologist and sexologist (1885–1986)

Harry Benjamin was a German-American endocrinologist and sexologist, widely known for his clinical work with transgender people.

The World Professional Association for Transgender Health (WPATH), formerly the Harry Benjamin International Gender Dysphoria Association (HBIGDA), is a professional organization devoted to the understanding and treatment of gender identity and gender dysphoria, and creating standardized treatment for transgender and gender variant people. WPATH was founded in 1979 and named HBIGDA in honor of Harry Benjamin during a period where there was no clinical consensus on how and when to provide gender-affirming care.

The Standards of Care for the Health of Transgender and Gender Diverse People (SOC) is an international clinical protocol by the World Professional Association for Transgender Health (WPATH) outlining the recommended assessment and treatment for transgender and gender-diverse individuals across the lifespan including social, hormonal, or surgical transition. It often influences clinicians' decisions regarding patients' treatment. While other standards, protocols, and guidelines exist – especially outside the United States – the WPATH SOC is the most widespread protocol used by professionals working with transgender or gender-variant people.

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Richard Green was an American-British sexologist, psychiatrist, lawyer, and author known for his research on homosexuality and transsexualism, specifically gender identity disorder in children. He is known for his behaviorism experiment in which he attempted to prevent male homosexuality and transsexuality by extinguishing feminine behavior in young boys. He later came to favor biological explanations for male homosexuality.

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Gender dysphoria in children (GD), also known as gender incongruence of childhood, is a formal diagnosis for distress caused by incongruence between assigned sex and gender identity in some pre-pubescent transgender and gender diverse children.

The American-Canadian sexologist Ray Blanchard proposed a psychological typology of gender dysphoria, transsexualism, and fetishistic transvestism in a series of academic papers through the 1980s and 1990s. Building on the work of earlier researchers, including his colleague Kurt Freund, Blanchard categorized trans women into two groups: homosexual transsexuals who are attracted exclusively to men and are feminine in both behavior and appearance; and autogynephilic transsexuals who experience sexual arousal at the idea of having a female body. Blanchard and his supporters argue that the typology explains differences between the two groups in childhood gender nonconformity, sexual orientation, history of sexual fetishism, and age of transition.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Transgender sexuality</span> Sexuality of transgender people

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Susan W. Coates is an American psychoanalyst, who has worked on gender dysphoria in children and early childhood trauma.

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References

  1. 1 2 3 "Two short of a Minyan—The 1951 UCLA football team". Jewish Journal. October 15, 2015.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Southern California Jewish Sports Hall of Fame (2004).Dr. Ira Pauly "Southern California Jewish Sports Hall of Fame".
  3. ↑ "college football Archives". Jewish Journal. October 15, 2015.
  4. ↑ Davis C (June 3, 2004). Jewish Sportsmen?! No Joke. The Jewish Journal.
  5. 1 2 Pauly IB (Feb. 23, 2012).
  6. 1 2 Meyerowitz JJ (2002). How Sex Changed: A History of Transsexuality in the United States. Harvard University Press ISBN   978-0-674-00925-7
  7. ↑ Bockting WO, Coleman E (1993). Gender Dysphoria: Interdisciplinary Approaches in Clinical Management. Haworth Press ISBN   1-56024-473-9
  8. ↑ Benjamin H (1966) The Transsexual Phenomenon. Julian Press; Reprint Warner 1977 ISBN   978-0-446-82426-2
  9. ↑ Benjamin H, Pauly IB. (1969). The maturing science of sex reassignment. Saturday Review 52: 72–78.
  10. ↑ Francoeur RT, Baker D, Koch PB, Weis DL (1998). Sexuality in America: understanding our sexual values and behavior. Continuum International Publishing Group. ISBN   0-8264-1193-2
  11. ↑ Pugh RG (2003). The Cutting Edge: Reflections and Memories by Doctors on Medical Advances in Reno. University of Nevada Press ISBN   0-9710267-0-X
  12. ↑ Bradley SJ, Blanchard R, Coates SW, Green R, Levine SB, Meyer-Bahlburg HFL, Pauly IB, Zucker KJ (1991). Interim report of the DSM-IV Subcommittee on Gender Identity Disorders. Archives of Sexual Behavior Volume 20, Number 4 / August, 1991
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