Irene Mounce

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Irene Mounce was a Canadian scientist who specialized in the mating systems of wood-destroying fungi, Hymenomycetes. [1] She was a mycologist at the Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, with Canada's federal department of agriculture (now Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada). Her diligence and insight broke new ground in mycology and her successes made the way easier for other members of her sex. [2]

Contents

Biography

Irene Mounce was born in Union (now Cumberland), British Columbia in 1894. [2] She earned her B.A. (1918) and M.A. (1920) from the University of British Columbia and a M.Sc. (1922) from the University of Manitoba where she studied under Arthur Henry Reginald Buller (studying mating systems of Coprinus ). [2] [3] In 1920, Irene Mounce was the first woman to do graduate studies in agriculture, eventually earning her two graduate degrees in botany. [4] She financed much of her education through scholarships and laboratory work. [2] She obtained her Ph.D. from the University of Toronto (1929) where she studied under Joseph Horace Faull. [2] [3] During a visit to Robert Hartig in Germany, Faull saw the value of studying the mycelium of the wood-decay fungi in the laboratory and tutored Irene's research in this area. [2] In her doctoral studies, Mounce showed the complex genetic makeup of Fomes pinicola , which became the basis of the classic paper on cultural characteristics of the Polyporaceae, published in 1929. [2] [3] After a mycological career spanning about 25 years and her resignation at age 50, Mounce died June 26, 1987, in Vancouver, British Columbia. [2]

Career

In 1924, Mounce joined the Division of Botany at Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, in Ottawa, Ontario. [3] In the summer of 1925, she made her first trip to the Queen Charlotte Islands to investigate the decays of Sitka spruce trees. [2] This research led to the successful identification of the majority of these pathogens in non-fruiting culture. [3] During the 1930s, Mounce was in charge of three major projects: development of the herbarium of wood-decay fungi, development of the reference collection of pure cultures of pathogenic fungi, and studies on the sexuality and cultural characters of wood-decay fungi. [2] During World War II she was also assigned to the task force studying seed-borne disease. [2]

In 1938 she transferred to the Saanichton laboratory in British Columbia to study vegetable diseases. [3] Except for wood-destroying fungi, collected by Irene Mounce and others of the Division of Botany, no other systematic collecting of fungi in British Columbia was possible until the large-scale botanicomycological exploration by the division in the 1950s. [3] Mounce worked at Saanichton's Dominion Laboratory of Plant Pathology from 1942 to 1945, but had to resign at age 50 because she got married. The employment of married women was forbidden in Canada until 1955. [5]

Honours and awards

Selected publications

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Polyporales</span> Order of fungi

The Polyporales are an order of about 1800 species of fungi in the division Basidiomycota. The order includes some polypores as well as many corticioid fungi and a few agarics. Many species within the order are saprotrophic, most of them wood-rotters. Some genera, such as Ganoderma and Fomes, contain species that attack living tissues and then continue to degrade the wood of their dead hosts. Those of economic importance include several important pathogens of trees and a few species that cause damage by rotting structural timber. Some of the Polyporales are commercially cultivated and marketed for use as food items or in traditional Chinese medicine.

Fomitopsis pinicola, is a stem decay fungus common on softwood and hardwood trees. Its conk is known as the red-belted conk. The species is common throughout temperate Europe and Asia. It is a decay fungus that serves as a small-scale disturbance agent in coastal rainforest ecosystems. It influences stand structure and succession in temperate rainforests. It performs essential nutrient cycling functions in forests. It has been reported that mushrooms have significant antioxidant activity.

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References

  1. ↑ Estey, Ralph (1994). "A History of Mycology in Canada". Canadian Journal of Botany. 72 (6): 751–766. doi:10.1139/b94-095.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Ginns, J. (1988). "Irene Mounce, 1894–1987". Mycologia. 80 (5): 607–608. doi:10.1080/00275514.1988.12025589.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Cody, William. "Systematics in Agriculture Canada at Ottawa". Biosystematics Research Centre.
  4. ↑ Stewart, Lee (2011-11-01). It's Up to You: Women at UBC in the Early Years. UBC Press. ISBN   978-0-7748-4301-0.
  5. ↑ "Pioneering scientists remembered on eve of International Women's Day". BC Local News. 2015-03-06. Retrieved 2021-04-20.
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