IsoHunt

Last updated
isoHunt
Logo of isoHunt.svg
IsoHunt screenshot.png
isoHunt logo and homepage
Type of site
Torrent index
Available inEnglish
OwnerisoHunt Inc. (Gary Fung)
Created byGary Fung
Revenue Online advertising
Donations
Paid membership
URL isohunt.to [α]
CommercialNo
RegistrationOptional; mandatory for uploading
LaunchedJanuary 2003;20 years ago (2003-01)
Current statusOffline [α]
Content license
 Free access
αFunctional clones have been created by others

isoHunt was an online torrent files index and repository, where visitors could browse, search, download or upload torrents of various digital content of mostly entertainment nature. The website was taken down in October 2013 as a result of a legal action from the MPAA; by the end of October 2013 however, two sites with content presumably mirrored from isohunt.com were reported in media. One of them – isohunt.to – became a de facto replacement of the original site. It is not associated in any way with the old staff or owners of the site, and is to be understood as a separate continuation. [1]

Contents

It originated in 2003 as isohunt.com website for IRC files search and reached over 13.7 million [2] torrents in its database and 20 million peers from indexed torrents. [3] With 7.4 million unique visitors as of May 2006, isoHunt was one of the most popular BitTorrent search engines. Thousands of torrents were added to and deleted from it every day. Users of isoHunt performed over 40 million unique searches per month. On October 19, 2008, isoHunt passed the 1 petabyte mark for torrents indexed globally. The site was the third most popular BitTorrent site as of 2008. [4] According to isoHunt, the total amount of shared content was more than 14.11 petabytes as of June 13,2012. [5]

The site came to an end when the legal battles that isoHunt's founder had been in for years with conglomerates of IP rights holders over allegations of copyright infringing came to a head. A settlement with the MPAA was reached in 2013, stipulating a $110 million reimbursement for damages and the site's closure that followed on October 21, 2013. [6]

History

isoHunt was founded in January 2003 by Gary Fung, a Canadian national. Its name is derived from the term ISO image, used to describe a 1:1 soft copy of a disk (typically a CD or DVD).

On February 23, 2006, the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA) issued a press release stating they were suing isoHunt for copyright infringement.

On September 2, 2009, isoHunt announced the launch of a spinoff site, hexagon.cc. [7] The goal of hexagon.cc was to have a place for social groups based on certain niches to share specific content relevant to their interests. It is down until further notice.

In early 2010, users in the US and along south eastern Canada were redirected to a stripped-down version called isoHunt Lite in order to remove some of the factors that were used in determining liability for infringement; however, full access was restored in early 2012.

The website was banned in India in 2012 for copyright violations, this led to incidents of hacking activism by Anonymous demanding its unblocking along with other websites which had been blocked. [8]

In October 2013 Isohunt announced it would shut down indefinitely. After years of court battles over copyright infringement with the MPAA, Isohunt agreed to a settlement. Under the terms of the settlement Isohunt will shut down the site, and close three other sites that redirect to the Isohunt domain: Podtropolis, TorrentBox, and Edtk-it.com. Fung also agreed to pay $110 million in damages.

The site was shut down on October 21, 2013, two days earlier than originally planned, leaving a farewell message from Gary Fung that also explained that the rush was to prevent backup activity – possibly the one reported to have been started by ArchiveTeam. [9]

Correspondence with the MPAA

Selected items of email correspondence between Gary Fung and the MPAA have been posted on isoHunt.com. [10]

Lawsuit

In February 2006, it was announced that the MPAA had launched legal proceedings against isoHunt, TorrentBox, TorrentSpy, ed2k-it, and several other BitTorrent indexing or tracker sites, alleging that these sites facilitate copyright infringement. On February 28, 2006, a lawsuit was filed against Gary Fung in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. Fung stands to oppose the MPAA on legal grounds. [11] On August 18, 2006, Judge Stanton granted a motion for case transfer from New York to California on the grounds of inconvenienced parties and similar cases already filed in the District Court of Central California.

On December 21, 2009, the court granted the MPAA's motion for summary judgment, finding isoHunt and Fung liable for copyright infringement on the theory of inducement. The MPAA had presented evidence showing that the majority of content linked to on IsoHunt was infringing content, that the search engine was tuned to assist users in finding infringing works, and that Fung himself had made remarks suggesting the purpose of the site was to allow users to download infringing content. The court found that IsoHunt had not presented any satisfactory evidence to counter these claims, and at its core it was merely an "evolutionary modification" of Napster and Grokster, two P2P systems that had previously been held liable for inducing copyright infringement. [12]

As a result, the court went on to issue a permanent injunction prohibiting IsoHunt to continue indexing and linking to infringing content. [13] The case on appeal, dubbed Columbia Pictures Industries, Inc. v. Fung , upheld the district court's findings on copyright infringement, but found that the injunction was overly burdensome to the extent it could prevent Fung from seeking legitimate employment, as certain provisions in the injunction would have prevented Fung from working in any technology company whose services could be used to infringe copyrighted content even if those companies were not engaged in copyright infringement.

DMCA takedown notices

IsoHunt has a history of complying with DMCA takedown notices, and has worked with various copyright owners in the past, such as the RIAA and Microsoft. The site uses an ex-gratia takedown process modelled on the DMCA, even though the servers were relocated to Canada in January 2007 where the DMCA does not apply. [14] [15]

Lawsuit against the CRIA

On September 8, 2008, Gary Fung announced on the isoHunt front page [16] that he had made a preemptive move against an impending lawsuit from the CRIA by filing a petition to the Supreme Court of British Columbia. Fung argues that isoHunt is merely a search engine to find torrents that are scattered around the web, much the same as Google or any other search engine can be used in the same way. [17]

Internet service providers

On January 16, 2007, isoHunt was taken off-line, stating "Lawyers from our primary ISP decided to pull our plug without any advance notice". After a major hardware upgrade, [18] the site resumed normal operation by January 22, 2007, although experiencing several brief periods of subsequent downtime due to server changes.

On July/August 2013, Federation of the Italian Music Industry obtained an order from the Court of Milan which demands ISPs to block isoHunt's domain and IP address. [19]

Shutdown as part of settlement with MPAA

On October 17, 2013, Variety.com announced the website isoHunt would shut down by Oct. 23, 2013, as part of a settlement in a massive copyright infringement suit filed by Hollywood studios, agreeing to pay $110 million for claims that the site induced the violation of copyrighted movies and TV shows although isoHunt never hosted such content. The settlement terms included a $110 million judgment against isoHunt and its owner, Gary Fung, ending a seven-year legal battle over its operations. [20] According to court documents cited by the BBC, Fung's company will likely be able to pay only between two and four million dollars though. [21] The site shut down on 21 October 2013, 2 days earlier than the announced date, leaving a note from Gary Fung and a link to a YouTube "trailer for the movie Terminator Salvation " that is actually a Rickroll. [22]

Initiating Self Destruct

This is it. We are shutting down isoHunt services a little early. I'm told there was this Internet archival team that wants to make historical copy of our .torrent files, I'm honoured that people thinks our site is worthy of historical preservation, but the truth is about 95% of those .torrent files can be found off Google regardless and mostly have been indexed from other BitTorrent sites in the first place. So I might as well do a proper send-off to you dear isoHunt users, before final shutdown sequence on Tuesday. It's been an adventure in the last 10.5 years working on isoHunt, a privilege working with some of the smartest guys I've worked with, and my life won't be the same without it. For what I'm working on next, please look up my blog on Google and follow me there. Because as the Terminator would say with a German accent,

I'll be backkk.

— Gary Fung [23]

Technical details

In the beginning of 2007, isoHunt restructured its server setup and bought mostly new hardware for the cluster that operates the site. The cluster had a total of 34 AMD Opteron cores, 70 GB in RAM and 30 hard drives ranging from SATAs to 15,000 rpm SCSIs. [24]

The network started with a D-Link switch but due to multiple failures, isoHunt moved to a Force10 switch. IsoHunt was uplinked through Neutral Data Centers Corp to a mix of bandwidth providers.

IsoHunt clones

Isohunt.to
Logo of isoHunt.svg
Isohunt.to uses logo of original isoHunt
Type of site
Torrent index
Available inEnglish
Owner anonymous
Created by anonymous
Revenue Online advertising
Donations
URL isohunt.to oldpiratebay.org [α]
CommercialNo
RegistrationOptional; mandatory for uploading
LaunchedOctober 2013;9 years ago (2013-10)
Current statusOnline
Content license
 Free access
αTaken offline when The Pirate Bay came online in Jan 2015

On October 30, 2013, two weeks following the shutdown of the original website, a group of people claiming to be dedicated to isoHunt's continuance brought a near-identical clone of the original website online, accessible via isohunt.to. [25] Former staff member of original isoHunt has made it clear that the team behind isohunt.com has not been involved in any way in 'resurrection' of isoHunt. [1]

Another site, isohunt.ee, has also been reported to be an unauthorized clone of the original site. [26]

ArchiveTeam have stated that they are not affiliated with any mirrors of isoHunt. Parts of the site they managed to preserve were uploaded to Internet Archive. [27]

OldPirateBay.org and The Open Bay

OldPirateBay.org

On December 13, 2014, just 4 days after a raid by Swedish police took ThePirateBay.se offline, the isoHunt.to team launched a new website, OldPirateBay.org, mirroring the contents of a recent snapshot of The Pirate Bay. It is branded in isoHunt's style, featuring both a ghostly blue theme and the isoHunt logo. [28] The team stated that they would gladly take their copy of the site down if and when the original Pirate Bay came back online, which occurred on January 31, 2015.

The Open Bay

On December 19, 2014, isoHunt.to released a tool called The Open Bay at Openbay.isohunt.to, providing original source code and additional tools in order to allow users to deploy their own version of The Pirate Bay website. [29]

See also

Related Research Articles

MediaDefender, Inc. was a company that fought copyright infringement that offered services designed to prevent alleged copyright infringement using peer-to-peer distribution. They used unusual tactics such as flooding peer-to-peer networks with decoy files that tie up users' computers and bandwidth. MediaDefender was based in Los Angeles, California in the United States. As of March 2007, the company had approximately 60 employees and used 2,000 servers hosted in California with contracts for 9 Gbit/s of bandwidth.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">The Pirate Bay</span> Website providing torrent files and magnet links

The Pirate Bay is an online index of digital content of entertainment media and software. Founded in 2003 by Swedish think tank Piratbyrån, The Pirate Bay allows visitors to search, download, and contribute magnet links and torrent files, which facilitate peer-to-peer, file sharing among users of the BitTorrent protocol.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">TorrentSpy</span>

TorrentSpy was a popular BitTorrent indexing website. It provided .torrent files, which enabled users to exchange data between one another.

This is a timeline of events in the history of networked file sharing.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mininova</span> Dutch BitTorrent website, 2005 to 2017

Mininova was a website offering BitTorrent downloads. Mininova was once one of the largest sites offering torrents of copyrighted material, but in November 2009, following legal action in the Dutch courts, the site operators deleted all torrent files uploaded by regular users including torrents that enabled users to download copyrighted material.

Megaupload Ltd was a Hong Kong-based online company established in 2005 that operated from 2005 to 2012 providing online services related to file storage and viewing.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Legal issues with BitTorrent</span>

The use of the BitTorrent protocol for the unauthorized sharing of copyrighted content generated a variety of novel legal issues. While the technology and related platforms are legal in many jurisdictions, law enforcement and prosecutorial agencies are attempting to address this avenue of copyright infringement. Notably, the use of BitTorrent in connection with copyrighted material may make the issuers of the BitTorrent file, link or metadata liable as an infringing party under some copyright laws. Similarly, the use of BitTorrent to procure illegal materials could potentially create liability for end users as an accomplice.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">TorrentFreak</span> Blog on file sharing, copyright infringement, and digital rights

TorrentFreak (TF) is a blog dedicated to reporting the latest news and trends on the BitTorrent protocol and file sharing, as well as on copyright infringement and digital rights.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Torrentz</span> BitTorrent metasearch engine

Torrentz was a Finland-based metasearch engine for BitTorrent, run by an individual known as Flippy, and founded on 24 July 2003. It indexed torrents from various major torrent websites, and offered compilations of various trackers per torrent that were not necessarily present in the default .torrent file, so that when a tracker was down, other trackers could do the work. It was the second most popular torrent website in 2012.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">The Pirate Bay raid</span>

The Pirate Bay raid took place on 31 May 2006 in Stockholm, when The Pirate Bay, a Swedish website that indexes torrent files, was raided by Swedish police, causing it to go offline for three days. Upon reopening, the site's number of visitors more than doubled, the increased popularity attributed to greater exposure through the media coverage, which is an example of the Streisand effect.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hotfile</span> File hosting website

Hotfile was a one-click file hosting website founded by Hotfile Corp in 2006 in Panama City, Panama. On December 4, 2013, Hotfile ceased all operations, the same day as signing a $4 million settlement with the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA); the settlement had previously been misreported as $80 million.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Seizure of Megaupload</span>

The seizure of Megaupload, a popular filesharing website with 150 million registered users, occurred on January 19, 2012, following a US indictment accusing Megaupload of harbouring millions of copyrighted files. According to the indictment, Megaupload was costing copyright holders over $500 million in lost revenues.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">KickassTorrents</span> Defunct file-sharing website

KickassTorrents was a website that provided a directory for torrent files and magnet links to facilitate peer-to-peer file sharing using the BitTorrent protocol. It was founded in 2008 and by November 2014, KAT became the most visited BitTorrent directory in the world, overtaking The Pirate Bay, according to the site's Alexa ranking. KAT went offline on 20 July 2016 when the domain was seized by the U.S. government. The site's proxy servers were shut down by its staff at the same time.

<i>Columbia Pictures Industries, Inc. v. Fung</i>

Columbia Pictures Industries, Inc. v. Fung 710 F.3d 1020 No. 10-55946, was a United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit case in which seven film studios including Columbia Pictures Industries, Inc., Disney and Twentieth Century Fox sued Gary Fung, the owner of isoHunt Web Technologies, Inc., for contributory infringement of their copyrighted works. The panel affirmed in part and vacated in part the decision of United States District Court for the Central District of California that the services and websites offered by isoHunt Web Technologies allowed third parties to download infringing copies of Columbia's works. Ultimately, Fung had "red flag knowledge" of the infringing activity on his systems, and therefore IsoHunt was held ineligible for the Digital Millennium Copyright Act § 512(c) safe harbor.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Popcorn Time</span> BitTorrent client and media player software

Popcorn Time is a multi-platform, free software BitTorrent client that includes an integrated media player. The application provides a piracy-based alternative to subscription-based video streaming services such as Netflix. Popcorn Time uses sequential downloading to stream video listed by several torrent websites, and third-party trackers can also be added manually. The legality of the software depends on the jurisdiction.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">RARBG</span> BitTorrent metasearch engine

RARBG is a website that provides torrent files and magnet links to facilitate peer-to-peer file sharing using the BitTorrent protocol. From 2014 onward, RARBG has repeatedly appeared in TorrentFreak's yearly list of most visited torrent websites. It was ranked 5th as of June 2021, and 4th as of Feb 2023. The website does not allow users to upload their own torrents.

Mp3skull was a website that provided direct download links to MP3 files located on third-party sites. It was founded in 2010 and the site has been the subject of controversy for helping users to find unauthorized copies of copyrighted music.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1337x</span> BitTorrent-related website

1337x is a website that provides a directory of torrent files and magnet links used for peer-to-peer file sharing through the BitTorrent protocol. According to the TorrentFreak news blog, 1337x is the third most popular torrent website as of 2021.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Putlocker</span> Online illegal movie streaming site network

Putlocker is one of various online file hosting index websites used for streaming entertainment media, particularly films and television series, for free. The initial website originated in the United Kingdom as early as 2011, and grew to receive millions of daily visitors after the shutdown of Megaupload. In May 2016, the website was blocked in the UK by a High Court order, and at its peak prior to a temporary closure in late 2016, Alexa Internet listed Putlocker as ranking among the top 250 most-visited websites worldwide. Putlocker has been reported by the Motion Picture Association (MPA) as a major piracy threat.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">YIFY</span> Peer-to-peer movies release group

YIFY Torrents or YTS was a peer-to-peer release group known for distributing large numbers of movies as free downloads through BitTorrent. YIFY releases were characterised through their small file size, which attracted many downloaders.

References

  1. 1 2 Ernesto (29 October 2013). "IsoHunt Resurrected Less Than Two Weeks After $110 Million MPAA Deal". TorrentFreak . Retrieved 4 June 2015.
  2. ↑ "Toolbar and Stats". Isohunt.com. Retrieved 2013-10-19.
  3. ↑ "BitTorrent Sites Statistics". Isohunt.com. Retrieved 2009-10-19.
  4. ↑ "Top 10 Most Popular Torrent Sites of 2008". Torrentfreak.com. 2008-12-28.
  5. ↑ "Isohunt Home". isohunt. 2009-11-03. Retrieved 2011-09-29.
  6. ↑ Ernesto (17 October 2013). "IsoHunt Shuts Down After $110 Million Settlement With The MPAA". TorrentFreak . Retrieved 4 June 2015.
  7. ↑ "isoHunt Launches 'Social' BitTorrent Site". torrentfreak.com. Retrieved 2009-12-28.
  8. ↑ "Anonymous Attacks Indian Government Over File-Sharing Ban". NBC News.
  9. ↑ "ArchiveTeam Works Hard to Avert isoHunt Data Massacre". TorrentFreak. 20 October 2013. Retrieved 21 October 2013.
  10. ↑ IH (2003-01-21). "isoHunt Forum — Letters from MPAA". Isohunt.com. Archived from the original on October 7, 2010. Retrieved 2009-10-19.
  11. ↑ "isoHunt Forums :: View topic — isoHunt tells court why Hollywood is wrong". Isohunt.com. Retrieved 2009-10-19.
  12. ↑ John Timmer (24 December 2009). "isoHunt loses big: infringement "old wine in a new bottle"". Ars Technica.
  13. ↑ Nate Anderson (24 May 2010). "1 down, 5 to go? isoHunt neutered by US judge". Ars Technica.
  14. ↑ "isoHunt DMCA Copyright Policy". Isohunt.com. 2007-01-22. Retrieved 2009-10-19.
  15. ↑ isoHunt gets shutdown by ISP and moves to Canada Archived 2008-09-06 at the Wayback Machine , CD Freaks
  16. ↑ "isohunt.com".
  17. ↑ "isoHunt Forums :: View topic — isoHunt sues CRIA on legality of search engines". Isohunt.com. Archived from the original on February 16, 2009. Retrieved 2009-10-19.
  18. ↑ "Hardware upgrade after servers move to Canada". Isohunt.com. Archived from the original on June 22, 2009. Retrieved 2009-10-19.
  19. ↑ "IsoHunt Blocked By Court Order Following Music Industry Demand". TorrentFreak.
  20. ↑ Ted Johnson (17 October 2013). "isoHunt To Shut Down As Part of Settlement With Studios - Variety". Variety.
  21. ↑ "Piracy site IsoHunt to shut down and pay $110m". BBC News. 18 October 2013.
  22. ↑ James Vincent (25 October 2013). "IsoHunt shuts early to prevent archiving, owner Gary Fung rickrolls". The Independent.
  23. ↑ "isoHunt Shuts Down Early to Block Backup Plan". TorrentFreak.
  24. ↑ "Technical Details". Isohunt.com. Retrieved 2009-10-19.
  25. ↑ Kerr, Dara. "Isohunt BitTorrent site rises from the dead as Isohunt.to". CNET Article. Retrieved 31 October 2013.
  26. ↑ "Not even two weeks after shutdown, clone of BitTorrent search site isoHunt opens". Ars Technica. 29 October 2013.
  27. ↑ "IsoHunt". archiveteam.org.
  28. ↑ "OldPirateBay.org Search By IsoHunt Team" . Retrieved 17 December 2014.
  29. ↑ Protalinski, Emil (19 December 2014). "isoHunt now lets anyone launch their own version of The Pirate Bay". VentureBeat. Retrieved 19 December 2014.
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