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Nestor Ivanovych Makhno, also known as Batko Makhno, was a Ukrainian anarchist revolutionary and the commander of the Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine during the Ukrainian War of Independence. He established the Makhnovshchina, a mass movement by the Ukrainian peasantry to establish anarchist communism in the country between 1918 and 1921. Initially centered around Makhno's home province of Katerynoslav and hometown of Huliaipole, it came to exert a strong influence over large areas of southern Ukraine, specifically in what is now the Zaporizhzhia Oblast of Ukraine.
The Makhnovshchina was a mass movement to establish anarchist communism in southern and eastern Ukraine during the Ukrainian War of Independence of 1917–1921. Named after Nestor Makhno, the commander-in-chief of the Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine, its aim was to create a system of free soviets that would manage the transition towards a stateless and classless society.
Viktor Fedorovych Bilash was the Chief of Staff of the Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine (RIAU) under Nestor Makhno. A gifted military commander, Bilash himself planned many of the Insurgent Army's operations, later becoming its commander in chief after Makhno's flight into exile.
Free soviets were the basic form of organization in the Makhnovshchina. These soviets acted independently from any central authority, excluding all political parties from participation, and met to self-manage the activities of workers and peasants through participatory democracy.
The Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine, also known as Makhnovtsi, named after their leader Nestor Makhno, was an anarchist army formed largely of Ukrainian peasants and workers during the Russian Civil War of 1917–1922. They protected the operation of "free soviets" and libertarian communes by the Makhnovshchina, an attempt to form a stateless anarcho-communist society from 1918 to 1921 during the Ukrainian War of Independence.
Mark Mratchny was a Belarusian Jewish writer, anarcho-syndicalist and a member of the Makhnovist movement.
Oleksandr Kalashnykov was a Ukrainian anarchist and a commander of the 1st Donetsk Corps of the Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine.
Mikhail Uralov was a Russian anarchist, the head of the "Black Guard" combat units of the Moscow Federation of Anarchists ,and a commander of the Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine.
Yakov "Golden Tooth" Maskalevsky was a Ukrainian rebel ataman and a member of the Makhnovist movement.
The Memory of Hryhorii Makhno was an armored train of the Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine, which consisted of two cars with 10 machine guns and two cannons.
Hryhorii Ivanovych Makhno was a Ukrainian rebel commander and brother of Nestor Makhno.
Oleksiy Vasylovych Chubenko was a diplomat for the Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine.
Ivan Chuchko (1889–1919) was a military commander in the Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine.
Savelii Ivanovych Makhno was a Ukrainian anarcho-communist, member of the Makhnovist movement, and brother of Nestor Makhno.
Vasyl Mikhailovych Sharovsky was a member of the Central Council of Ukraine, an anarcho-communist and an artillery commander of the Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine.
The Military Revolutionary Council was the de facto executive of the Makhnovshchina, empowered to act during the interim between sittings of the Regional Congresses.
The Regional Congresses of Peasants, Workers and Insurgents represented the "highest form of democratic authority" within the political system of the Makhnovshchina. They brought together delegates from the region's peasantry, industrial workers and insurgent soldiers, which would discuss the issues at hand and take their decisions back with them to local popular assemblies.
The flags of the Makhnovshchina consisted of a number of different black and red flags, each emblazoned with anarchist and socialist slogans.
Luka Nykyforovych Bondarets was the cavalry commander of the Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine (RIAU).
Yakiv Sukhovolski, also known by his nom de guerreYakiv Alyi (1880–1920) was a Ukrainian anarcho-syndicalist and writer. He was a member of the secretariat of the Nabat.
References
- 1 2 Belash & Belash 1993, p. 83; Danilov 2006, p. 919.
- ↑ Belash & Belash 1993, p. 83; Danilov 2006, p. 919; Skirda 2004, pp. 318–319.
- ↑ Skirda 2004, pp. 86–87, 363.
- ↑ Skirda 2004, p. 390.
- ↑ Skirda 2004, p. 391.
- ↑ Skirda 2004, p. 392.