The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is, in essence, the transportation system of the eukaryotic cell, and has many other important functions such as protein folding. It is a type of organelle made up of two subunits – rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), and smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER). The endoplasmic reticulum is found in most eukaryotic cells and forms an interconnected network of flattened, membrane-enclosed sacs known as cisternae, and tubular structures in the SER. The membranes of the ER are continuous with the outer nuclear membrane. The endoplasmic reticulum is not found in red blood cells, or spermatozoa.
Stromal interaction molecule 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the STIM1 gene. STIM1 has a single transmembrane domain, and is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum, and to a lesser extent to the plasma membrane.
Ryanodine receptor 2 (RYR2) is one of a class of ryanodine receptors and a protein found primarily in cardiac muscle. In humans, it is encoded by the RYR2 gene. In the process of cardiac calcium-induced calcium release, RYR2 is the major mediator for sarcoplasmic release of stored calcium ions.
Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 1 (SERCA1) also known as Calcium pump 1, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ATP2A1 gene.
V-type proton ATPase subunit E 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ATP6V1E1 gene.
Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ATP2A3 gene.
Protein transport protein Sec61 subunit beta is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SEC61B gene.
Minor histocompatibility antigen H13 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HM13 gene.
Translocon-associated protein subunit alpha is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SSR1 gene.
Centromere/kinetochore protein zw10 homolog is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZW10 gene. This gene encodes a protein that is one of many involved in mechanisms to ensure proper chromosome segregation during cell division. The encoded protein binds to centromeres during the prophase, metaphase, and early anaphase cell division stages and to kinetochore microtubules during metaphase.
Protein transport protein Sec61 subunit alpha isoform 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SEC61A1 gene.
Translocon-associated protein subunit beta also known as TRAP-beta is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SSR2 gene.
BET1 homolog is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BET1 gene.
Junctophilin-3 is a protein in humans that is encoded by the JPH3 gene. The gene is approximately 97 kilobases long and is located at position 16q24.2. Junctophilin proteins are associated with the formation of junctional membrane complexes, linking the plasma membrane with the endoplasmic reticulum in excitable cells. Junctophilin-3 is specific to the brain and has an active role in neurons involved in motor coordination and memory.
Golgi SNAP receptor complex member 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GOSR2 gene.
Junctophilin 2, also known as JPH2, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the JPH2 gene. Alternative splicing has been observed at this locus and two variants encoding distinct isoforms are described.
Phosphatidylinositol N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase subunit H is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PIGH gene. The PIGH gene is located on the reverse strand of chromosome 14 in humans, and is neighbored by TMEM229B.
Junctophilin 4 is a protein in humans that is encoded by the JPH4 gene.
GRAM domain containing 1C also known as Aster-C is a cholesterol transport protein that is encoded by the GRAMD1C gene. It contains a transmembrane region, a GRAM domain and a VASt domain. It is anchored to the endoplasmic reticulum through its transmembrane domain.
Trimeric intracellular cation-selective channel A (TRIC-A) is a monovalent cation channel in the SR and nuclear membranes of skeletal muscle cells, encoded by the transmembrane protein 38A (TMEM38A) gene. It is one of two known TRIC proteins, the other being TRIC-B.
