Jaldessa (also transliterated Jeldessa, Gildessa, Guildessa, Gheldessa) is a village in eastern Ethiopia. Located in the Shinile Zone of the Somali Region of Ethiopia.
Issa Ugaas Rooble pictured with his nephew Jardon in 1885
In its early history the area of Jaldessa was part of the Emirate of Harar.[1] W.C. Barker, writing in 1842, mentions it as a stopping place in the territory of the Nole Oromo, on the caravan route between Zeila and Harar.[2]
The present-day town of Jaldessa (45 km north of Harar), was founded in 1875 by the Egyptians who set up a fort to secure supply from the coast and stationed a contingent of Sudanese soldiers with an Egyptian officer. Jaldessa then became an important station along the trade route between Harar and the Red Sea coast.[3] A market was set up and people built huts around the station, which was fortified with stones and hedgerows, the Somali on one side and the Oromo on the other. The Ugaas of Issa, Roble Farah, moved his seat to Jaldessa. Its population increased to 1,500 and doubled or tripled on market days. After the Egyptians left Harar in 1885, Britain took possession of Jaldessa and stationed a garrison of 19 Indians and 20 Somalis, however, these soldiers were soon imprisoned by the troops of Amir Abdullahi who took control of the area. The party of Italian explorer Count Pietro Porro was ambushed and slaughtered at Jaldessa in April 1886, which provided Menelik II of Shewa with an excuse to attack Harar.[4] Between the Shewan victory at Chelenqo and the foundation of Dire Dawa, Jaldessa was the seat of the various governors, such as the Armenian Sarkis Terzian and later Ato Mersha Nahusenay. The opening of the Addis Ababa - Djibouti Railway and the birth of Dire Dawa diminished the strategic importance of Jaldessa.[5]
Early in the Ogaden War, Jaldessa was captured by Somali units as they closed in on Dire Dawa; it was recaptured 4 February 1978 by the Ethiopian Ninth Division with Cuban tank and artillery shock troops.[6]
Harar, known historically by the indigenous as Harar-Gey or simply Gey, is a walled city in eastern Ethiopia. It is also known in Arabic as the City of Saints.
Dire Dawa is a city in eastern Ethiopia near the Somali Region and Oromo border and one of two chartered cities in Ethiopia. Dire Dawa alongside present-day Sitti Zone were a part of the Dire Dawa autonomous region of the Somali Region stipulated in the 1987 Ethiopian Constitution until 1993 when it was split by the federal government into a separately administered chartered city.
Amir Abdullahi, formally Abd Allah II ibn 'Ali 'Abd ash-Shakur or Amir Hajji 'Abdu'llahi II ibn 'Ali 'Abdu's Shakur, was the last amir of Harar and ruled from late 1884 to 26 January 1887, when the state was terminated, following the defeat of the Harari troops at the Battle of Chelenqo on 9 January.
The Gadabuursi, also known as Samaroon, is a northern Somali clan, a sub-division of the Dir clan family.
The Issa is a northern Somali clan, a sub-division of the Dir clan family.
Shinile is a woreda in Somali Region, Ethiopia. Part of the Sitti Zone, Shinile is bordered on the south by Dire Dawa, on the west by Erer, on the north by the Afar Region, on the east by Ayesha, and on the southeast by Dembel and Jijiga Zone. Towns in Shinile include Adigale, Harewa, Milo, and Shinile; villages include Jaldessa, Marmaarsa, and Toome.
Mieso is a town in eastern Ethiopia. Located in the West Hararghe Zone of the Oromia Region, it has a latitude and longitude of 9°14′N40°45′E with an elevation of 1394 meters above sea level.
Dewele is a town in Ethiopia, near to the Ethiopia and Djibouti border. Located in the Sitti Zone in the Somali Region the town has a longitude and latitude of 11°2′N42°37′E with an elevation of 898 meters above sea level.
The Ethio-Djibouti Railway is a metre gauge railway in the Horn of Africa that once connected Addis Ababa to the port city of Djibouti. The operating company was also known as the Ethio-Djibouti Railways. The railway was built in 1894–1917 to connect the Ethiopian capital city to French Somaliland. During early operations, it provided landlocked Ethiopia with its only access to the sea. After World War II, the railway progressively fell into a state of disrepair due to competition from road transport.
Erer is a town in central Ethiopia. Located in the Sitti Zone of the Somali Region, it is located 51km east of Shinile. It is the administrative center of Erer woreda .The city of Erer and its surroundings were the Afar people. In 1958, the Somalis forcibly removed them from the Afar people.
Bike is a town in central Ethiopia of the Somali Region in the Sitti Zone. It is located 72 km west of Shinile. The town is located on the main railway between Djibouti City and Addis Ababa.
Āfdem is a town is east central Ethiopia. Located in the Sitti Zone of the Somali Region. It is located 59 km east of Shinile. It is the administrative center of Afdem woreda. It sprawls on a wide basin surrounded by granitic mountains on all sides.
The Harari people are a Semitic-speaking ethnic group which inhabits the Horn of Africa. Members of this ethnic group traditionally reside in the walled city of Harar, simply called Gēy "the City" in Harari, situated in the Harari Region of eastern Ethiopia. They speak the Harari language, a member of the South Ethiopic grouping within the Semitic subfamily of the Afroasiatic languages.
The Harla, also known as Harala, Haralla are an ethnic group that once inhabited Ethiopia, Somalia, and Djibouti. They spoke the now-extinct Harla language, which belonged to either the Cushitic or Semitic branches of the Afroasiatic family.
The Emirate of Harar was a Muslim kingdom founded in 1647 when the Harari people refused to accept Imām ʿUmardīn Ādan as their ruler and broke away from the Imamate of Aussa to form their own state under `Ali ibn Da`ud.
The Gurgura, Gorgorah or Gurgure is a northern Somali clan, a sub-division of the Dir clan family.
The Makayl-Dheere also known as Makaahiil-Dheere (Makayldheere), is a northern Somali clan, a sub-division of the Makahiil sub-clan of the Gadabuursi Dir clan family.
The Egyptian Invasion of Harar, was part of a conflict in the Horn of Africa between the Emirate of Harar, Sultan of Aussa, and Oromo tribesmen, and the Khedivate of Egypt from 1874 to 1885. In 1874, the Egyptians invaded Eastern Ethiopia, namely Hararghe and parts of the Somali coast, and ruled it for 11 years.
This is chronology of Dire Dawa, a self-governing city in eastern Ethiopia, beginning with annexation from Emirate of Harar by Emperor Menelik II.
This is timeline of Harar, a city in eastern Ethiopia from the initial history to present.
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