James "Jim" Moore | |
|---|---|
 Moore pictured in the audience of a U.S. Geological Survey event, 2015 | |
| Born | James Gregory Moore 30 April 1930 Palo Alto, California, U.S. |
| Awards | Penrose Medal (GSA) |
| Academic background | |
| Education | § Education |
| Website | www |
James Gregory Moore (born 30 April 1930, Palo Alto, California) [1] is a geologist and winner of the 2020 Penrose Medal. [2] [3] Moore is a Scientist Emeritus for the U.S. Geological Survey. [4]
James Moore has had a significant impact on the study of the structures of Hawaiian volcanoes. [5] [6] [7] His studies in the field have contributed to the understanding that basaltic islands, like those in Hawaii, are susceptible to landslides or collapses, an event that could cause a tsunami. [8] Accounts differ on when Moore served as Scientist-in-Charge of the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory. He was posted 1961 or 1962, [1] [9] and served until 1963 or 1964. [1] [10] [11]
Moore was also one of the geologists on the scene of the eruption following the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens. He was crucial in determining the order of events leading up to, and following after the eruption and measuring the volumes of resulting landslides. [12] He has also researched extensively in the Lassen area of California as well as in the Sierra Nevada. [13] [9]
Moore is also the author of 2 notable books, Exploring the Highest Sierra and King of the 40th Parallel .
The Cascade Range or Cascades is a major mountain range of western North America, extending from southern British Columbia through Washington and Oregon to Northern California. It includes both non-volcanic mountains, such as many of those in the North Cascades, and the notable volcanoes known as the High Cascades. The small part of the range in British Columbia is referred to as the Canadian Cascades or, locally, as the Cascade Mountains. The highest peak in the range is Mount Rainier in Washington at 14,411 feet (4,392 m).
The Hawaiian Islands are an archipelago of eight major volcanic islands, several atolls, and numerous smaller islets in the North Pacific Ocean, extending some 1,500 miles from the island of Hawaiʻi in the south to northernmost Kure Atoll. Formerly the group was known to Europeans and Americans as the Sandwich Islands, a name that James Cook chose in honor of the 4th Earl of Sandwich, the then First Lord of the Admiralty. Cook came across the islands by chance when crossing the Pacific Ocean on his Third Voyage in 1778, on board HMS Resolution; he was later killed on the islands on a return visit. The contemporary name of the islands, dating from the 1840s, is derived from the name of the largest island, Hawaiʻi Island.
A megatsunami is a very large wave created by a large, sudden displacement of material into a body of water.
Lassen Volcanic National Park is an American national park in northeastern California. The dominant feature of the park is Lassen Peak, the largest plug dome volcano in the world and the southernmost volcano in the Cascade Range. Lassen Volcanic National Park is one of the few areas in the world where all four types of volcano can be found—plug dome, shield, cinder cone, and stratovolcano.
Lassen Peak, commonly referred to as Mount Lassen, is a lava dome volcano and the southernmost active volcano in the Cascade Range of the Western United States. Located in the Shasta Cascade region of Northern California, it is part of the Cascade Volcanic Arc, which stretches from southwestern British Columbia to northern California. Lassen Peak reaches an elevation of 10,457 ft (3,187 m), standing above the northern Sacramento Valley. It supports many flora and fauna among its diverse habitats, which are subject to frequent snowfall and reach high elevations.
Kīlauea is an active shield volcano in the Hawaiian Islands. Located along the southeastern shore of Hawai'i Island, the volcano is between 210,000 and 280,000 years old and emerged above sea level about 100,000 years ago. Historically, it is the most active of the five volcanoes that together form the island of Hawaii. Kīlauea is also one of the most active volcanoes on Earth, with the most recent eruption from June 7-19, 2023 after a series of earthquakes, when multiple vents erupted lava within Halemaʻumaʻu, a pit crater in the volcano's summit caldera, and building a fissure cinder cone approximately 40 m (130 ft) high. Halema'uma'u has been the sole eruptive area of Kīlauea since December 2020 with intermittent lava effusion from then to March 7, 2023, followed by a 90 day pause.
A phreatic eruption, also called a phreatic explosion, ultravulcanian eruption or steam-blast eruption, occurs when magma heats ground water or surface water. The extreme temperature of the magma causes near-instantaneous evaporation of water to steam, resulting in an explosion of steam, water, ash, rock, and volcanic bombs. At Mount St. Helens in Washington state, hundreds of steam explosions preceded the 1980 Plinian eruption of the volcano. A less intense geothermal event may result in a mud volcano.
Thomas Augustus Jaggar Jr. was an American volcanologist. He founded the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory and directed it from 1912 to 1940. The son of Thomas Augustus Jaggar, Jaggar Jr. graduated with a PhD in geology from Harvard University in 1897. In 1902, he was one of the scientists that the United States sent to investigate the volcanic disasters at La Soufrière volcano, St Vincent, and Mont Pelée, Martinique, which he credited with inspiring him to make a life's work out of geology. He became head of the department of geology at Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1906.
The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) is an agency of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and one of five volcano observatories operating under the USGS Volcano Hazards Program. Based in Hilo, Hawaii, the observatory monitors six Hawaiian volcanoes: Kīlauea, Mauna Loa, Kamaʻehuakanaloa, Hualālai, Mauna Kea, and Haleakalā, of which, Kīlauea and Mauna Loa are the most active. The observatory has a worldwide reputation as a leader in the study of active volcanism. Due to the relatively non-explosive nature of Kīlauea's volcanic eruptions for many years, scientists have generally been able to study ongoing eruptions in proximity without being in extreme danger.
David Alexander Johnston was an American United States Geological Survey (USGS) volcanologist who was killed by the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens in the U.S. state of Washington. A principal scientist on the USGS monitoring team, Johnston was killed in the eruption while manning an observation post six miles (10 km) away on the morning of May 18, 1980. He was the first to report the eruption, transmitting "Vancouver! Vancouver! This is it!" before he was swept away by a lateral blast; despite a thorough search, Johnston's body was never found, but state highway workers discovered remnants of his USGS trailer in 1993.
Harry Glicken was an American volcanologist. He researched Mount St. Helens in the United States before and after its 1980 eruption, and was very distraught about the death of volcanologist David A. Johnston, who was Glicken's mentor and supervisor in Spring 1980 at Mount St. Helens. Glicken was initially assigned to the USGS observation post in the weeks leading up to the eruption but was called away the night before the eruption.
The Hilina Slump, on the south flank of the Kīlauea Volcano on the southeast coast of the Big Island of Hawaiʻi, is the most notable of several landslides that ring each of the Hawaiian Islands. These landslides are the means by which material deposited at a volcano's vents are transferred downward and seaward, eventually spilling onto the seabed to broaden the island.
Halemaʻumaʻu is a pit crater within the much larger Kīlauea Caldera at the summit of Kīlauea volcano on island of Hawaiʻi. The roughly circular crater was 770 meters (2,530 ft) x 900 m (2,950 ft) before collapses that roughly doubled the size of the crater after May 3, 2018. Following the collapses of 2018, the bottom of Halemaʻumaʻu was roughly 600 m (2,000 ft) below the caldera floor. Halemaʻumaʻu is home to Pele, goddess of fire and volcanoes, according to the traditions of Hawaiian religion. Halemaʻumaʻu means "house of the ʻāmaʻu fern".
Gordon Pryor Eaton is an American geologist. Eaton was born in Dayton, Ohio.
Gordon Andrew Macdonald was a notable American volcanologist. Macdonald was a Fellow of the Geological Society of America, the American Geophysical Union, the Mineralogical Society of America, and the American Association for the Advancement of Science.
Christina A. Neal is an American volcanologist and an honoree for a Samuel J. Heyman Service to America Medal. Neal was the Scientist-in-Charge at the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory from 2015 to 2020. Neal took over as the director of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Volcano Science Center on May 9, 2021. Neal is a Fellow of the Geological Society of America.
Edward Wesley Hildreth III, is an American field geologist and volcanologist employed by the United States Geological Survey (USGS). He is a fellow of both the Geological Society of America (GSA), and the American Geophysical Union (AGU). Hildreth was described as "one of the great volcanologists/petrologists of our time" in the magazine Wired.
Michelle Lynn Coombs is a geologist at the Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO). She was the Scientist-in-Charge from 2016 to 2023. Coombs is a fellow of the Geological Society of America.
A volcanic landslide or volcanogenic landslide is a type of mass wasting that takes place at volcanoes.
Ruy Herbert Finch was an American volcanologist, and second director of the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) from 1940 to 1951, succeeding Thomas A. Jaggar. Finch is known largely for his discovery of the 1790 Footprints. Another notable scientific contribution by Finch was the formal addition of block lava to the lava classification types. In 1951, a group of scientists that included Finch were named in the journal Science as "outstanding authorities in their respective fields".
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| Academics | |
| Other | |
