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Jan Philip Solovej | |
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| Born | 14 June 1961 |
| Nationality | Danish |
| Alma mater | University of Copenhagen (Cand. Scient. 1985) Princeton University (Ph.D. 1989) |
| Awards | Henri Poincaré Prize (2021) |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Mathematics, Physics |
| Institutions | University of Copenhagen |
| Doctoral advisor | Elliott H. Lieb |
Jan Philip Solovej (born 14 June 1961) is a Danish mathematician and mathematical physicist working on the mathematical theory of quantum mechanics. He is a professor at University of Copenhagen.
Solovej obtained his Ph.D. in 1989 from Princeton University with the thesis on "Universality in the Thomas-Fermi-von Weizsäcker Model of Atoms and Molecules" supervised by Elliott H. Lieb. As a post-doctoral researcher, he went to the University of Michigan in 1989/90 and to the University of Toronto in 1990. In 1991 (and 2003/04) he was a member at the Institute for Advanced Study. From 1991 to 1995, he was Assistant Professor in the Department of Mathematics at Princeton University. From 1995 to 1997, he was a research professor at the University of Aarhus. Since 1997, he is professor in the Department of Mathematics at the University of Copenhagen. Since 2016, he is also leader of VILLUM Centre of Excellence for the Mathematics of Quantum Theory (QMATH). [1]
He is President of European Mathematical Society during 2023-2026.
He is Editor in Chief of Journal of Mathematical Physics (since 2019). [2]
He is married and has two children.
In 2021, he received the Henri Poincaré Prize from the International Association of Mathematical Physics, "for outstanding contributions to the analysis of quantum many-body problems ranging from the electronic structure of large atoms to the Lee-Huang-Yang asymptotics of the ground state energy of dilute Bose gases".
He was an invited speaker at the International Congress of Mathematicians in 2022, an invited speaker at the European Congress of Mathematics in 1996 and 2004, and a plenary speaker at the International Congress on Mathematical Physics in 1991, 2003 and 2021. [3]
Solovej is a member of the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters [4] (elected 2000) and of the Academia Europaea [5] (elected 2020). He was named a Fellow of the American Mathematical Society, in the 2022 class of fellows, "for contributions to the rigorous analysis of quantum systems, particularly many-body systems". [6]
Solovej deals with mathematical questions in atomic physics (large atoms and molecules in the Thomas-Fermi model and the Hartree-Fock method), solid-state physics (the Bose-Einstein condensate, Bogoliubov transformation, quantum dot, Heisenberg model and others) and in many-body quantum mechanics (the stability of matter, the Lieb-Thirring inequality and others). He is co-author, together with Elliott H. Lieb, Robert Seiringer, and Jakob Yngvason, of a monograph on the mathematics of the Bose gas.
In 1995, with Elliott H. Lieb and Michael Loss, he proved the stability of matter in magnetic fields.
In 2003, he established the ionization conjecture for atoms within the Hartree-Fock theory, namely the excess charge, the ionization energy and the radius of an atom are uniformly bounded independently of the nuclear charge. Related questions for many-body Schrödinger equation remain open, which are Problems 9, 10, 11 of the Simon problems on Schrödinger operators.
In 2012, with Rupert L. Frank, Christian Hainzl and Robert Seiringer, he derived the Ginzburg-Landau theory from the BCS theory.
In 2014, with Elliott H. Lieb, he proved Wehrl's conjecture on the mininimum entropy of quantum spin systems.
In 2020, with Søren Fournais, he proved the Lee-Huang-Yang conjecture on the ground state energy of dilute Bose gases.
In condensed matter physics, a Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) is a state of matter that is typically formed when a gas of bosons at very low densities is cooled to temperatures very close to absolute zero. Under such conditions, a large fraction of bosons occupy the lowest quantum state, at which microscopic quantum mechanical phenomena, particularly wavefunction interference, become apparent macroscopically. More generally, condensation refers to the appearance of macroscopic occupation of one or several states: for example, in BCS theory, a superconductor is a condensate of Cooper pairs. As such, condensation can be associated with phase transition, and the macroscopic occupation of the state is the order parameter.
Condensed matter physics is the field of physics that deals with the macroscopic and microscopic physical properties of matter, especially the solid and liquid phases that arise from electromagnetic forces between atoms and electrons. More generally, the subject deals with condensed phases of matter: systems of many constituents with strong interactions among them. More exotic condensed phases include the superconducting phase exhibited by certain materials at extremely low cryogenic temperatures, the ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic phases of spins on crystal lattices of atoms, the Bose–Einstein condensates found in ultracold atomic systems, and liquid crystals. Condensed matter physicists seek to understand the behavior of these phases by experiments to measure various material properties, and by applying the physical laws of quantum mechanics, electromagnetism, statistical mechanics, and other physics theories to develop mathematical models and predict the properties of extremely large groups of atoms.
Computational chemistry is a branch of chemistry that uses computer simulation to assist in solving chemical problems. It uses methods of theoretical chemistry, incorporated into computer programs, to calculate the structures and properties of molecules, groups of molecules, and solids. The importance of this subject stems from the fact that, with the exception of some relatively recent findings related to the hydrogen molecular ion, achieving an accurate quantum mechanical depiction of chemical systems analytically, or in a closed form, is not feasible. The complexity inherent in many-body problem exacerbates the challenge of providing detailed descriptions in quantum mechanical systems. While computational results normally complement the information obtained by chemical experiments, it can in some cases predict unobserved chemical phenomena.
In quantum mechanics, the Pauli exclusion principle states that two or more identical particles with half-integer spins cannot simultaneously occupy the same quantum state within a system which obeys the laws of quantum mechanics. This principle was formulated by Austrian physicist Wolfgang Pauli in 1925 for electrons, and later extended to all fermions with his spin–statistics theorem of 1940.
In atomic physics and quantum chemistry, the electron configuration is the distribution of electrons of an atom or molecule in atomic or molecular orbitals. For example, the electron configuration of the neon atom is 1s2 2s2 2p6, meaning that the 1s, 2s and 2p subshells are occupied by 2, 2 and 6 electrons respectively.
In condensed matter physics, a supersolid is a spatially ordered material with superfluid properties. In the case of helium-4, it has been conjectured since the 1960s that it might be possible to create a supersolid. Starting from 2017, a definitive proof for the existence of this state was provided by several experiments using atomic Bose–Einstein condensates. The general conditions required for supersolidity to emerge in a certain substance are a topic of ongoing research.
In computational physics and chemistry, the Hartree–Fock (HF) method is a method of approximation for the determination of the wave function and the energy of a quantum many-body system in a stationary state.
Koopmans' theorem states that in closed-shell Hartree–Fock theory (HF), the first ionization energy of a molecular system is equal to the negative of the orbital energy of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO). This theorem is named after Tjalling Koopmans, who published this result in 1934.
Elliott Hershel Lieb is an American mathematical physicist and professor of mathematics and physics at Princeton University who specializes in statistical mechanics, condensed matter theory, and functional analysis.
Ab initio quantum chemistry methods are computational chemistry methods based on quantum chemistry. The term ab initio was first used in quantum chemistry by Robert Parr and coworkers, including David Craig in a semiempirical study on the excited states of benzene. The background is described by Parr. Ab initio means "from first principles" or "from the beginning", implying that the only inputs into an ab initio calculation are physical constants. Ab initio quantum chemistry methods attempt to solve the electronic Schrödinger equation given the positions of the nuclei and the number of electrons in order to yield useful information such as electron densities, energies and other properties of the system. The ability to run these calculations has enabled theoretical chemists to solve a range of problems and their importance is highlighted by the awarding of the Nobel prize to John Pople and Walter Kohn.
The Gross–Pitaevskii equation describes the ground state of a quantum system of identical bosons using the Hartree–Fock approximation and the pseudopotential interaction model.
Understanding the structure of the atomic nucleus is one of the central challenges in nuclear physics.
Jakob Yngvason is an Icelandic/Austrian physicist and emeritus professor of mathematical physics at the University of Vienna. He has made important contributions to local quantum field theory, thermodynamics, and the quantum theory of many-body systems, in particular cold atomic gases and Bose–Einstein condensation. He is co-author, together with Elliott H. Lieb, Jan Philip Solovej and Robert Seiringer, of a monograph on Bose gases.
Robert Seiringer is an Austrian mathematical physicist.
Alexander B. Goncharov is a Soviet American mathematician and the Philip Schuyler Beebe Professor of Mathematics at Yale University. He won the EMS Prize in 1992.
Mathieu Lewin is a French mathematician and mathematical physicist who deals with partial differential equations, mathematical quantum field theory, and mathematics of quantum mechanical many-body systems.
In quantum information theory, the Lieb conjecture is a theorem concerning the Wehrl entropy of quantum systems for which the classical phase space is a sphere. It states that no state of such a system has a lower Wehrl entropy than the SU(2) coherent states.
In matrix analysis Stahl's theorem is a theorem proved in 2011 by Herbert Stahl concerning Laplace transforms for special matrix functions. It originated in 1975 as the Bessis-Moussa-Villani (BMV) conjecture by Daniel Bessis, Pierre Moussa, and Marcel Villani. In 2004 Elliott H. Lieb and Robert Seiringer gave two important reformulations of the BMV conjecture. In 2015, Alexandre Eremenko gave a simplified proof of Stahl's theorem.
Gian Michele Graf is a Swiss mathematical physicist.
In physics, stability of matter refers to the problem of showing rigorously that a large number of charged quantum particles can coexist and form macroscopic objects, like ordinary matter. The first proof was provided by Freeman Dyson and Andrew Lenard in 1967–1968, but a shorter and more conceptual proof was found later by Elliott Lieb and Walter Thirring in 1975.
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