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Jan z Jenštejna | |
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Born | 1348 Prague |
Died | 17 June 1400 |
Occupation(s) | Archbishop, composer, poet. |
Notable work | Rebuilding castle Jenštejn |
Jan z Jenštejna [n 1] (1348 – 17 June 1400) was a Bohemian archbishop, composer and poet. [1] From 1379 to 1396 he was the Archbishop of Prague. He studied in Bologna, Padova, Montpellier and Paris.
Born in 1348 in Prague, [1] he became the owner of the castle Hrádek in 1379. The same year he succeeded to the archbishopric of his uncle Jan Očko z Vlašimi who had stepped down. Soon he became Chancellor to Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia. The next year the capital was struck by a Plague epidemic, which struck him as well. He recovered, but this episode left deep scars on his character and he began to examine theological and philosophical problems at his castle Helfenburk u Úštěka. He had abandoned public life because of a quarrel with Wenceslav IV, which was mainly over the matter of the Popes of Avignon. Jan was still loyal to Pope Urban VI, to whom the king was not. In 1384 he left his chancellor post. The quarrel with the king removed him completely from political life, and he retired to his castle and abandoned the post of archbishop on 2 July 1396. He was succeeded as archbishop by Olbram ze Škvorce. [2]
While on his castle, he fell from a newly built tower and miraculously managed to grab hold of something before falling to the ground.
He died in Rome on 17 June 1400, [1] and all his possessions, including his castle, passed to the Archbishops of Prague.
It can be said that his artistic action is as extensive as his political and religious activities. He organized the costly rebuilding of several castles, especially Jenštejn..
His musical works were compiled in the book Die Hymnen Johanns von Jenstein, Erzbischofs von Prag of Q. M. Dreves. [1] The book was published in German in 1886. [1] His literary activity was very rich and includes not only religious and philosophical works, but also poems.
He influenced literature and music with his own work. His musical activity was not systematic, but rather random. Before 1380 it was often dance music, then religious music.
Jan Hus, sometimes anglicized as John Hus or John Huss, and referred to in historical texts as Iohannes Hus or Johannes Huss, was a Czech theologian and philosopher who became a Church reformer and the inspiration of Hussitism, a key predecessor to Protestantism, and a seminal figure in the Bohemian Reformation. Hus is considered to be the first Church reformer, even though some designate the theorist John Wycliffe. His teachings had a strong influence, most immediately in the approval of a reformed Bohemian religious denomination and, over a century later, on Martin Luther.
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The Jenštejn family was a noble family in the medieval Kingdom of Bohemia. The family was founded by a wealthy Prague burgher Pavel. He was listed in 1360 as a royal notary. In 1368, he bought Jenštejn Castle and used the surname z Jenštejna for the first time. He had four sons: Martin, Jan, Pavel and Václav. The most important was Jan of Jenštejn, who following the resignation of his uncle Jan Očko of Vlašim became Prague Archbishop in 1378.
Škvorec Chateau is a chateau, formerly a minor castle, located in Škvorec in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic, about 23 kilometres (14 mi) east of Prague. The chateau, locally also known as the Starý zámek, was indirectly first mentioned in historical sources in 1279, yet fully documented as late as since 1404. This Gothic castle was rebuilt during the 1520s into a Renaissance palace; but in 1639 – during the devastating Thirty Years' War – the premises were looted, burned and until 1710 laid in ruins. The chateau was restored then, this time in the Baroque style. Between 1860–1884 most of the compound was demolished, leaving only the buildings in south-eastern corner.
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