Politics of Cape Verde takes place in a framework of a semi-presidential representative democratic republic,whereby the Prime Minister of Cape Verde is the head of government and the President of the Republic of Cape Verde is the head of state,and of a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the president and the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the National Assembly. The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature. The constitution,first approved in 1980 and substantially revised in 1992,forms the basis of government organization. It declares that the government is the "organ that defines,leads,and executes the general internal and external policy of the country" and is responsible to the National Assembly.
The People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola,for some years called the People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola –Labour Party,is an Angolan left-wing,social democratic political party. The MPLA fought against the Portuguese army in the Angolan War of Independence from 1961 to 1974,and defeated the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) and the National Liberation Front of Angola (FNLA) in the Angolan Civil War. The party has ruled Angola since the country's independence from Portugal in 1975,being the de facto government throughout the civil war and continuing to rule afterwards.
Aristides Maria Pereira was a Cape Verdean politician. He was the first President of Cape Verde,serving from 1975 to 1991.
Pedro de Verona Rodrigues Pires is a Cape Verdean politician who served as Prime Minister of Cape Verde from 1975 to 1991,and later as President from 2001 to 2011.
JoséMaria Pereira Neves is a Cape Verdean politician who is currently the president of Cape Verde,having previously served as the Prime Minister of Cape Verde from 2001 to 2016. He is a member of the African Party for the Independence of Cape Verde (PAICV). In the 2021 presidential election,he was elected with 51.7% of votes,beating his nearest rival Carlos Veiga who got 42.4% of the total votes.
António Agostinho da Silva Neto was an Angolan politician and poet. He served as the first president of Angola from 1975 to 1979,having led the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) in the war for independence (1961–1974). Until his death,he led the MPLA in the civil war (1975–2002). Known also for his literary activities,he is considered Angola's preeminent poet. His birthday is celebrated as National Heroes' Day,a public holiday in Angola.
The Movement for Democracy is a Christian democratic and liberal party in Cape Verde. Established in 1990,it was the ruling party from 1991 to 2001 and returned to power in the 2016 parliamentary election. Its members are nicknamed "os ventoinhas" in Portuguese,a reference to the party's logo.
The African Party of Independence of Cape Verde is a democratic socialist political party in Cape Verde. It was formerly a Marxist–Leninist communist party and the sole legal party in the country from 1981 to 1990. Its members are nicknamed "os tambarinas" in Portuguese,and they identify themselves with the color yellow.
Carlos Alberto Wahnon de Carvalho Veiga is a Cape Verdean politician. He was Prime Minister of Cape Verde from April 4,1991 to July 29,2000.
The unicameral National Assembly is the legislative body of the Republic of Cabo Verde.
Lúcio Rodrigo Leite Barreto de Lara,also known by the pseudonym Tchiweka,was a physicist-mathematician,politician,professor,anti-colonial ideologist and one of the founding members of the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA). He served as General Secretary of the MPLA during the Angolan War of Independence and Angolan Civil War. Lara,a founding member of the MPLA,led the first MPLA members into Luanda on November 8,1974. He swore in Agostinho Neto as the first president of the country.
Manuel Inocêncio Sousa is a Cape Verdean politician. Sousa was Minister of Foreign Affairs of Cape Verde from 2001 to 2002 and subsequently Minister of Infrastructure,Transports and Sea.
Cape Verde or Cabo Verde,officially the Republic of Cabo Verde,is an archipelago and island country in the central Atlantic Ocean,consisting of ten volcanic islands with a combined land area of about 4,033 square kilometres (1,557 sq mi). These islands lie between 600 and 850 kilometres west of Cap-Vert,the westernmost point of continental Africa. The Cape Verde islands form part of the Macaronesia ecoregion,along with the Azores,the Canary Islands,Madeira,and the Savage Isles.
Jorge Carlos de Almeida Fonseca is a Cape Verdean politician,lawyer and university professor who served as the President of Cape Verde from 2011 to 2021. He served as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1991 to 1993. Supported by the Movement for Democracy (MpD),he won the 2011 presidential election in a second round of voting. Presidential elections were held in Cape Verde on 2 October 2016,where he was re-elected with 74.08% of the vote.
Parliamentary elections were held in Cape Verde on 20 March 2016. The ruling African Party for the Independence of Cape Verde (PAICV),led by Janira Hopffer Almada,was defeated by the Movement for Democracy (MpD),led by Ulisses Correia e Silva.
Maria Cristina Lopes Almeida Fontes Lima is a Cape Verdean lawyer and politician who served as minister of justice from 2001 to 2006,Minister of Defence from 2006 to 2011 and Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Health from 2011 to 2016.
Parliamentary elections were held in Cape Verde on 18 April 2021.
Presidential elections were held in Cape Verde on 17 October 2021. The result was a victory for JoséMaria Neves of the opposition African Party for the Independence of Cape Verde (PAICV),who received 51.8% of the vote.
Civil society is often loosely defined as independent organizations that form out of mutual interest and can act to influence the state. The degree of autonomy that civil society groups enjoy from the state reveals the extent to which the public sphere can act on its own to impact government policy,and as such is a helpful metric of democratization within a state. In Lusophone African countries,democratization varies considerably across borders;in 2021,of all the member states of the African States of Portuguese Official Language (PALOP),only São Toméand Príncipe and Cape Verde were ranked "Free" on the Global Freedom Score by Freedom House,while Guinea-Bissau and Mozambique were classified as "Partly Free" and Angola and Equatorial Guinea as "Not Free". Though variations exist,conditions for civil society organizations in these states are often influenced by a common violent past,as independence from Portugal often came as a result of liberation wars followed by civil conflict.
Laurinda Jacinto Prazeres Monteiro Cardoso is an Angolan lawyer and jurist who has been President of the Constitutional Court since 2021.
