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Jing Ju (died 208 BC) was one of the leaders during the Chen Sheng and Wu Guang uprising against the Qin dynasty between 209 and 208 BC.
Upon hearing the news of Chen Sheng's defeat by the Qin forces and uncertain about his death,his subordinate Qin Jia (秦嘉) persuaded him to claim the title "King of Chu". Shortly after,Xiang Liang claimed that Jing Ju had betrayed Chen Sheng by claiming the latter's title,so he sent Ying Bu to defeat Qin Jia,which resulted in executions for both Qin Jia and Jing Ju. [1]
This article concerns the 200 BC decade,that lasted from 209 BC to 200 BC.
Zhao was one of the seven major states during the Warring States period of ancient China. It emerged from the tripartite division of Jin,along with Han and Wei,in the 5th century BC. Zhao gained considerable strength from the military reforms initiated during the reign of King Wuling,but suffered a crushing defeat at the hands of Qin at the Battle of Changping. Its territory included areas in the modern provinces of Inner Mongolia,Hebei,Shanxi and Shaanxi. It bordered the states of Qin,Wei,and Yan,as well as various nomadic peoples including the Hu and Xiongnu. Its capital was Handan,in modern Hebei province.
Zhang Han was a Chinese military general of the Qin dynasty. When uprisings erupted throughout China during the reign of Qin Er Shi,Zhang Han led the Qin armies and successfully quelled several of these rebel forces. In 207 BC,Zhang Han was defeated by Xiang Yu of Chu at the Battle of Julu,after which he surrendered along with his 200,000 troops. He was conferred the title "King of Yong" (雍王) by Xiang Yu and given part of the lands in Guanzhong as his fief when Xiang split the former Qin Empire into the Eighteen Kingdoms after the fall of the Qin dynasty. Zhang Han's territory was conquered by Liu Bang in 206 BC,and he committed suicide a year later.
Chu was an ancient Chinese state during the Zhou dynasty. Their first ruler was King Wu of Chu in the early 8th century BC. Chu was located in the south of the Zhou heartland and lasted during the Spring and Autumn period. At the end of the Warring States period it was destroyed by the Qin in 223 BC during the Qin's wars of unification.
Chen Sheng,also known as Chen She,posthumously known as King Yin,was the leader of the Dazexiang Uprising,the first rebellion against the Qin dynasty. It occurred during the reign of the Second Qin Emperor.
Wu Guang was a leader of the first rebellion against the Qin dynasty during the reign of the Second Qin Emperor.
The Chen Sheng and Wu Guang uprising,August 209 B.C.–January 208 B.C.,was the first uprising against the Qin dynasty following the death of Qin Shi Huang. Led by Chen Sheng and Wu Guang,the uprising was unsuccessful.
Emperor Yi of Chu,also known as King Huai II of Chu before receiving his de jure emperor title,personal name Xiong Xin,was the ruler of the revived Chu state during the final years of the Qin dynasty of China. In 209 BC,when rebellions broke out throughout China to overthrow the Qin dynasty,the Chu state,which had been previously conquered by the Qin state during the Warring States period,was revived as an insurgent state against Qin imperial rule. Xiong Xin,as a descendant of the Chu royal family and a grandson of King Huai of Chu,was found by Xiang Liang,who descended from a Chu noble family,and installed as the puppet ruler of the revived Chu state. After Xiang Liang was killed in battle in 208 BC,Xiong Xin attempted to assert his authority through Song Yi,whom he put in charge of Chu's armed forces. However,in the following year,Xiang Liang's nephew Xiang Yu launched a coup against Song Yi and seized power,making Xiong Xin a figurehead once more. In 206 BC,the rebels overthrew the Qin dynasty,after which Xiang Yu,who had emerged as the de facto leader of all the rebel groups,divided the former Qin Empire into the Eighteen Kingdoms. He promoted Xiong Xin to a more honourable title –Emperor Yi of Chu –and made him the nominal sovereign ruler over all the Eighteen Kingdoms. Xiang Yu then had Emperor Yi relocated to Chen County and secretly ordered Ying Bu to assassinate the emperor.
The grand chancellor,also translated as counselor-in-chief,chancellor,chief councillor,chief minister,imperial chancellor,lieutenant chancellor and prime minister,was the highest-ranking executive official in the imperial Chinese government. The term was known by many different names throughout Chinese history,and the exact extent of the powers associated with the position fluctuated greatly,even during a particular dynasty.
Cao Shen or Cao Can,courtesy name Jingbo,was a Chinese military general and politician. He served as a chancellor of the Western Han dynasty. He participated in the Chu–Han Contention on Liu Bang 's side and contributed greatly to the founding of the Han dynasty.
Qin's wars of unification were a series of military campaigns launched in the late third century BC by the state of Qin against the other six states remaining in China –Han,Zhao,Yan,Wei,Chu and Qi. Between 247 and 221 BC,Qin had developed into the most powerful of China's Seven Warring States that coalesced in the wake of the declining Zhou dynasty,which had been reduced to a weak and merely ceremonial position during the Warring States period. In 230 BC,Ying Zheng,the King of Qin,began the sequence of campaigns that would bring the Warring States period to a close,setting out to conquer each of the six states one by one. This was completed in 221 BC with the fall of Qi,which further led to a more centralised form of government replacing the fengjian system of the Zhou dynasty. Ying Zheng declared himself the First Emperor –or Shi Huangdi –of a unified China under the Qin dynasty.
Zhongli Mo was a military general who served the warlord Xiang Yu during the Chu–Han Contention,a power struggle between Xiang Yu and Liu Bang,the founder of the Han dynasty. His name is sometimes incorrectly written and pronounced as "Zhongli Mei".
Han Guang was the ruler of the Kingdom of Liaodong (遼東國) of the Eighteen Kingdoms during the Chu–Han Contention,an interregnum between the Qin and Han dynasties of China.
Sima Xin was a military general of the Qin dynasty. He surrendered to Xiang Yu after the Battle of Julu in 207 BC. In 206 BC,following the collapse of the Qin dynasty,he was conferred the title of "King of Sai" by Xiang Yu and given part of the lands in Guanzhong as his fief when the latter split the former Qin Empire into the Eighteen Kingdoms.
Dong Yi was a military general of the Qin dynasty. He surrendered to Xiang Yu after the Battle of Julu in 207 BC. In 206 BC,following the collapse of the Qin dynasty,he was conferred the title of "King of Di" (翟王) by Xiang Yu and given part of the lands in Guanzhong as his fief when the latter split the former Qin Empire into the Eighteen Kingdoms.
Ying Bu was a Chinese military general,monarch,politician,and warlord who lived during the early Han dynasty. He was a native of Lu County. In his early life under the Qin dynasty,Ying Bu was convicted and sentenced to qing,so he was also called Qing Bu (黥布). He was then sent to Mount Li to perform hard labour by constructing Qin Shi Huang's mausoleum. He later escaped with some men and became the leader of a bandit gang. Ying Bu participated in the insurrection against the Qin dynasty after the Dazexiang Uprising broke out in 209 BC. After the uprising failed,he became part of a rebel force led by Xiang Liang. He assisted Xiang Liang's nephew and successor Xiang Yu in overthrowing the Qin dynasty. After the fall of Qin,he initially fought on Xiang Yu's side in the Chu–Han Contention,a power struggle for supremacy over China between Xiang Yu and Liu Bang. However,later,he defected to Liu Bang's side and helped Liu defeat Xiang Yu and become the emperor. During this period of time,Ying Bu held the title "King of Jiujiang". In c.August 203,Liu Bang appointed Ying Bu as a vassal king and granted him the title "King of Huainan". In 196 BC,Ying Bu rebelled against the Han dynasty but was defeated and killed.
Jian,King of Qi was the last king of Qi,one of the seven major states of the Warring States period of ancient China. His personal name was Tian Jian (田建),ancestral name Gui,and he did not have a posthumous title because he was the last king of Qi however he was known as Houzhu of Qi (齊後主) because he was the last ruler of Qi.
Wei Bao was the ruler of the Kingdom of Western Wei (西魏國) of the Eighteen Kingdoms during the Chu–Han Contention,an interregnum between the Qin and Han dynasties of China.
The Qin Empire II:Alliance is a 2012 Chinese television series adapted from Sun Haohui's novel of the same Chinese title,which romanticises the events in China during the Warring States period primarily from the perspective of the Qin state during the reigns of King Huiwen and King Wu.
The Qin Empire III is a 2017 Chinese television series based on Sun Haohui's novel of the same Chinese title,which romanticizes the events in China during the Warring States period primarily from the perspective of the Qin state under King Zhaoxiang. It was first aired on CCTV-1 in mainland China in 2017. It was preceded by The Qin Empire (2009) and The Qin Empire II:Alliance (2012) and followed by The Qin Empire IV (2019),which were also based on Sun Haohui's novels.