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The Golden Quadrilateral is a national highway network connecting several major industrial, agricultural and cultural centres of India. It forms a quadrilateral with all the four major metro cities of India forming the vertices, viz., Delhi (north), Kolkata (east), Mumbai (west) and Chennai (south). Other major cities connected by this network include Ahmedabad, Bengaluru, Balasore, Bhadrak, Bhubaneswar, Cuttack, Berhampur, Durgapur, Faridabad, Guntur, Gurugram, Jaipur, Kanpur, Pune, Kolhapur, Surat, Vijayawada, Eluru, Ajmer, Visakhapatnam, Bodhgaya, Varanasi, Prayagraj, Agra, Mathura, Dhanbad, Gandhinagar, Udaipur, and Vadodara. The main objective of these super highways is to reduce the travel time between the major cities of India, running roughly along the perimeter of the country. The North–South corridor linking Srinagar and Kanyakumari, and East–West corridor linking Silchar (Assam) and Porbandar (Gujarat) are additional projects. These highway projects are implemented by the National Highway Authority Of India (NHAI). At 5,846 kilometres (3,633 mi), it is the largest highway project in India and the fifth longest in the world. It is the first phase of the National Highways Development Project (NHDP), and consists of two, four, and six-lane express highways, built at a cost of ₹600 billion (US$7.2 billion). The project was planned in 1999, launched in 2001, and was completed in 7 January 2012.
Reliance Infrastructure Limited (R-Infra), formerly Reliance Energy Limited (REL) and Bombay Suburban Electric Supply (BSES), is an Indian private sector enterprise involved in power generation, infrastructure, construction and defence. It is part of the Reliance Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group. The company is headed by its chairman, Anil Ambani, and chief executive officer, Punit Narendra Garg. The corporate headquarters is in Navi Mumbai. Reliance Infrastructure's interests are in the fields of power plants, metro rail, airports, bridges, toll roads, and defence. It is a major shareholder in the other group company, Reliance Power and Reliance Naval and Engineering Limited.
The National Highways Authority of India or NHAI is an autonomous agency of the Government of India, set up in 1995 and is responsible for management of a road network of over 50,000 km of National highways out of 1,32,499 km in India. It is a nodal agency of the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH). NHAI has signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) with the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) for satellite mapping of highways.
Roads in India are an important mode of transport in India. India has a network of over 6,331,791 kilometres (3,934,393 mi) of roads. This is the second-largest road network in the world, after the United States. At of roads per square kilometre of land, the quantitative density of India's road network is equal to that of Hong Kong, and substantially higher than the United States, China, Brazil and Russia. Adjusted for its large population, India has approximately 5.13 kilometres (3.19 mi) of roads per 1,000 people, which is much lower than United States 20.5 kilometres (12.7 mi) but higher than that of China 3.6 kilometres (2.2 mi). India's road network carries over 71% of its freight and about 85% of passenger traffic.
The National Highways Development Project (NHDP) was a project of four laning of existing national highways and six laning of selected major national highways of India. The project was started in 1998 under the leadership of Prime Minister, Atal Bihari Vajpayee. National Highways account for only about 2% of the total length of roads, but carry about 40% of the total traffic across the length and breadth of the country. This project is managed by the National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) under the Ministry of Road, Transport and Highways. The NHDP represents 49,260 km of roads and highways work and construction in order to boost economic development of the country. The government has planned to end the NHDP program in early 2018 and subsume the ongoing projects under a larger Bharatmala project.
Bilara is a city and a municipality located in the Jodhpur district of Rajasthan, India. It is the administrative headquarters for Bilara tehsil and a market center for the surrounding agricultural area.
The Western Peripheral Expressway (WPE) or Kundli–Manesar–Palwal Expressway, is an operational 6-lane, 135.6 km (84.3 mi)-long Expressway in the Haryana state of India. Along with the Eastern Peripheral Expressway, the Western Peripheral Expressway is expected to divert more than 50,000 heavy vehicles away from Delhi, which will help to maintain good air quality in Delhi. Western Peripheral Expressway along with Eastern Peripheral Expressway completes the largest Ring Road around Delhi. There are 10 tolled entries and exits, from north to south - Kundli, Kharkhoda, Bahadurgarh, Badli, Fartukhnagar, Panchgaon, Manesar, Taoru, Sohna & Palwal. Toll rate notified in December 2018 is INR1.35 per km for cars, INR2.18 per km for light motor vehicles, INR4.98 per km for trucks and buses, and two wheelers are not permitted on the expressway.
Expressways are the highest class of roads in India. In July 2023, the total length of expressways in India was 5,930 km (3,680 mi), with 11,127.69 km (6,914.43 mi) under construction. These are controlled-access highways where entrance and exits are controlled by the use of cloverleaf, three-way, trumpet or grade separated interchanges that are incorporated into the design of the expressway and designed for maximum speed of 120 km/h, whereas National highways are flyover access or tolled, where entrance and exit is through the side of the flyover, at each intersection of highway with road, flyovers are provided to bypass the city/town/village traffic and these highways are designed for speed of 100 km/h. Some roads are not access-controlled expressways but are still named expressways, such as the Bagodara–Tarapur Expressway, Biju Expressway, these are actually state highways that are not declared by the central government as an Expressway, hence not an Expressway or National Highway.
The Eastern Peripheral Expressway (EPE) or Kundli–Ghaziabad–Palwal Expressway is a 135 km (84 mi) long, 6-lane wide expressway passing through the states of Haryana and Uttar Pradesh in India. The expressway starts from the Western Peripheral Expressway at Kundli, Sonipat, passing through Baghpat, Ghaziabad and Noida districts in UP and Faridabad district in Haryana before rejoining the Western Peripheral Expressway near Dholagarh, Palwal. Eastern Peripheral Expressway along with Western Peripheral Expressway completes the largest Ring Road around Delhi. The Eastern Peripheral Expressway was declared as National Expressway 2 (NE-2) in March 2006.
NH 248-BB, commonly known as Dwarka Expressway is a 27.6 km (17.1 mi) long, under construction, 8-lane (elevated) and 8-lane, total 16-lane elevated grade separated expressway connecting Dwarka in Delhi to Kherki Daula Toll Plaza, Gurgaon in Haryana. The expressway takes off from km 20 milestone of NH 48 at Shiv Murti in Mahipalpur in Delhi and terminate at km 40 of NH 48 near Kherki Daula Toll Plaza in Gurgaon in Haryana. The Dwarka Expressway has been planned as an alternate road link between Delhi and Gurgaon, and is expected to ease the traffic situation on the Delhi–Gurgaon Expressway.
Delhi–Meerut Expressway or National Expressway 3 is India's widest 96 km long controlled-access expressway, connecting Delhi with Meerut via Dasna in Ghaziabad in India. The 8 lanes old stretch of National Highway 9 (NH-9) up to Dasna is widened to 14 lanes. The fourth phase of the expressway is built on a new alignment from Dasna to Meerut – a six-lane stretch joining Meerut bypass. The 28 km (17 mi) stretch between Nizamuddin Bridge and Dasna is one of the most congested areas in the NCR. The total project cost is estimated to be between ₹8,000–10,000 crores.
National Highway 275 (NH-275), also commonly referred to as Bengaluru–Mysuru access-controlled Expressway, part of the Bengaluru–Mangaluru Economic Corridor (EC-34), is a national highway that starts from Bengaluru and goes through Mysuru as a 6-lane expressway of 119 km (74 mi), and again as 4-lane till Bilikere, and ends at Bantwal. This highway connects the coastal city of Mangaluru to Bengaluru. It is also a bypass route for the National Highway 75 (NH-75). The Bengaluru to Mysuru section of this highway was upgraded from 4 to 10 lanes, out of which the 6-lane section is the main elevated access-controlled carriageway and the other 2-lane section on both ends of the carriageway are service roads. It claims to reduce the travel time between Bengaluru and Mysuru from 3 hours to 75 minutes.
National Highway 230, also known as Kisan Path or Lucknow Outer Ring Road is National Highway in Uttar Pradesh, India which also includes sections of Lucknow Inner Ring Road. The Lucknow outer ring road is an 8 lane that expand to 10 lanes at key junctions and 104 km long quadruple carriageway road project with a speed limit of 100kmph for Light Vehicles and 80kmph for Heavy vehicles. The 6 lane 11 km long stretch between Kursi Road to Sultanpur road has been constructed by the NHAI. This Ring Road has multiple 6 lane flyovers for smooth and swift commuting of the travellers. This Outer Ring Road will play a major role in the establishment of the Lucknow State Capital Region or the Uttar Pradesh State Capital Region as many IT cities, Housing Societies, Integrated Mega-Townships, Wellness City, Educational Hubs, and Commercial Hubs etc. across Multiple 1000's of acres of land are proposed to be established around this Ring Road. It is set to offload nearly 1.60 lakh vehicles off the main roads of the city of Lucknow as of now.
Delhi–Amritsar–Katra Expressway is an approved 670 km (420 mi) long, 4-lane wide controlled-access expressway, which will connect Bahadurgarh border near Delhi with Katra in Jammu and Kashmir via Haryana and Punjab. It will have a spur section which will connect Nakodar with Sri Guru Ram Das Ji International Airport located in Raja Sansi, Amritsar. The 397.7 km (247.1 mi) long Delhi–Katra Expressway is National Expressway 5(NE-5) and 99 km (62 mi) long Nakodar-Amritsar Expressway is National Expressway 5A(NE-5A). Once completed, it will reduce the current Delhi-Katra distance from 727 km (452 mi) to 588 km (365 mi) and the time travel will be reduced from 14 hours to 6 hours, and Delhi-Amritsar distance to 405 km (252 mi) and from the time travel will be reduced from 8 hours to only 4 hours.
The Delhi–Mumbai Expressway is a 1,350 km long, 8-lane wide under-construction access-controlled expressway connecting India's national capital New Delhi to its financial capital Mumbai. The foundation stone for the project was laid by union minister of Road Transport & Highways Nitin Gadkari in the presence of Sushma Swaraj and Arun Jaitley on 8 March 2019 and it was inaugurated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi. The total project value including the land acquisition cost is around ₹1,00,000 crores . It is expected to be completed by the October 2025.
The Samruddhi Mahamarg or Nagpur-Mumbai Expressway and Maharashtra Expressway-2 (ME-2), is a partially opened 6-lane wide, 701-km long access-controlled expressway in Maharashtra, India. It is amongst the country's longest greenfield road projects, which will connect the two capital cities of the state, its capital, Mumbai, and its third-largest and alternate capital city, Nagpur. The project is being led by the state infrastructure arm Maharashtra State Road Development Corporation (MSRDC), and is designed under the Engineering, Procurement and Construction (EPC) model.
The Trans-Haryana Expressway or the Ambala–Narnaul Expressway (NH-152D) is a 227-km long, 6-lane wide greenfield access-controlled expressway, connecting the cities of Ambala and Narnaul in the state of Haryana. The expressway connects Gangheri village in Kurukshetra district with Surana village on Narnaul Bypass (NH-148B) in Mahendragarh district. It passes via Kaul, Pundri, Assandh, Dhatrath, Kalanaur, Charkhi Dadri and Kanina. It will reduce the distance from Chandigarh to Delhi, Narnaul, and Jaipur, thus decongesting NH-44 and NH-48.
Amritsar–Jamnagar Expressway (NH-754A) is an under-construction 1,257 km long, 6-lane wide expressway in the north-western part of India. The expressway will reduce the distance between Amritsar and Jamnagar from earlier 1,430 km to 1,316 km and the time travel from 26 hours to only 13 hours. It is a part of the Bharatmala and Amritsar–Jamnagar Economic Corridor (EC-3). It will pass through four states of Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan and Gujarat.
The DND–Faridabad–KMP Expressway, formally known as NH-148NA is a 59 km long, 6-lane wide access-controlled expressway in Delhi NCR, India. It connects the junction of DND Flyway and Ring Road at Maharani Bagh in Delhi with KMP Expressway at Khalilpur, Nuh district in Haryana. The NH-148NA is a spur (branch) of Delhi–Mumbai Expressway project. This expressway will have an additional 31 km long spur from Sector-65, Faridabad bypass to Jewar Airport.
Urban Extension Road-II or NH-344M is an upcoming 75.7 km long, 6 lanes & 6 lanes wide grade separated expressway in Delhi NCR, India. It would start from National Highway 44 at Alipur then passes from Rohini, Mundka, Najafgarh, Dwarka and end at Delhi–Gurgaon Expressway on National Highway 48 near Mahipalpur. Its main route forms a semicircle on the western side of Delhi, additionally it has two side spurs - one from Bawana in Northwest Delhi to Sonipat in Bawana's North and second in west Delhi from between Tikri border & Najafgarh to NH9 Bahadurgarh south bypass. Delhi NCT has 4 concentric ring roads around it - namely Inner Ring Road; Outer Ring Road; third ring outside it formed by the combination of UER-II & Chilla-Okhla Expressway, and fourth ring formed by the combination of part of Dwarka Expressway & Gurugaon-Ghata Expressway, Gurgaon-Sohna Elevated Corridor Expressway, Sohna-Faridabad section of Delhi–Mumbai Expressway, Faridabad–Noida–Ghaziabad Expressway (FNG), Ghaziabad-Narela Expressway (planned) and Rai-Narela-Bahadurgarh-Gurgaon Expressway. Outside these ring roads, NCR region will have 3 Regional Circular Expressways and 3 Zonal Circular Expressways (ZCE).
References
- ↑ "NHAI launches ₹1,161-cr ring road project in Jodhpur". 15 April 2022.
- ↑ "Jodhpur Ring Road connecting Jaipur to be a reality soon". DNA India. Retrieved 8 July 2022.
- ↑ "Jodhpur Ring Road Package II works contract". ProjectX India. 8 June 2022. Retrieved 8 July 2022.
- ↑ "Jodhpur Ring Road Project Resumes After 18 Months | Jodhpur News — Times of India". The Times of India. 14 April 2022. Retrieved 8 July 2022.
- ↑ "Sadbhav Jodhpur Ring Road achieves financial closure". www.projectstoday.com. Retrieved 8 July 2022.