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The Golden Quadrilateral is a national highway network connecting several major industrial, agricultural and cultural centres of India. It forms a quadrilateral with all the four major metro cities of India forming the vertices, viz., Delhi (north), Kolkata (east), Mumbai (west) and Chennai (south). Other major cities connected by this network include Ahmedabad, Bengaluru, Balasore, Bhadrak, Bhubaneswar, Cuttack, Berhampur, Durgapur, Faridabad, Guntur, Gurugram, Jaipur, Kanpur, Pune, Kolhapur, Surat, Vijayawada, Eluru, Ajmer, Visakhapatnam, Bodhgaya, Varanasi, Prayagraj, Agra, Mathura, Dhanbad, Gandhinagar, Udaipur, and Vadodara. The main objective of these super highways is to reduce the travel time between the major cities of India, running roughly along the perimeter of the country. The North–South corridor linking Srinagar and Kanyakumari, and East–West corridor linking Silchar (Assam) and Porbandar (Gujarat) are additional projects. These highway projects are implemented by the National Highway Authority Of India (NHAI). At 5,846 kilometres (3,633 mi), it is the largest highway project in India and the fifth longest in the world. It is the first phase of the National Highways Development Project (NHDP), and consists of two, four, and six-lane express highways, built at a cost of ₹600 billion (US$7.5 billion). The project was planned in 1999, launched in 2001, and was completed in July 2013.
Reliance Infrastructure Limited (R-Infra), formerly Reliance Energy Limited (REL) and Bombay Suburban Electric Supply (BSES), is an Indian private sector enterprise involved in power generation, infrastructure, construction and defence. It is part of the Reliance Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group. The company is headed by its chairman, Anil Ambani, and chief executive officer, Punit Narendra Garg. The corporate headquarters is in Navi Mumbai. Reliance Infrastructure's interests are in the fields of power plants, metro rail, airports, bridges, toll roads, and defence. It is a major shareholder in the other group company, Reliance Power and Reliance Naval and Engineering Limited.
The National Highways Authority of India or NHAI is an autonomous agency of the Government of India, set up in 1995 and is responsible for management of a road network of over 50,000 km of National Highways out of 1,32,499 km in India. It is a nodal agency of the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH). NHAI has signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) with the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) for satellite mapping of highways.
Roads in India are an important mode of transport in India. India has a network of over 6,331,791 kilometres (3,934,393 mi) of roads. This is the second-largest road network in the world, after the United States. At of roads per square kilometre of land, the quantitative density of India's road network is equal to that of Hong Kong, and substantially higher than the United States, China, Brazil and Russia. Adjusted for its large population, India has approximately 5.13 kilometres (3.19 mi) of roads per 1,000 people, which is much lower than United States 20.5 kilometres (12.7 mi) but higher than that of China 3.6 kilometres (2.2 mi). India's road network carries over 71% of its freight and about 85% of passenger traffic.
The National Highways Development Project (NHDP) was a project of four laning of existing national highways and six laning of selected major national highways of India. The project was started in 1998 under the leadership of Prime Minister, Atal Bihari Vajpayee. National Highways account for only about 2% of the total length of roads, but carry about 40% of the total traffic across the length and breadth of the country. This project is managed by the National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) under the Ministry of Road, Transport and Highways. The NHDP represents 49,260 km of roads and highways work and construction in order to boost economic development of the country. The government has planned to end the NHDP program in early 2018 and subsume the ongoing projects under a larger Bharatmala project.
Bilara is a city and a municipality located in the Jodhpur district of Rajasthan, India. It is the administrative headquarters for Bilara tehsil and a market center for the surrounding agricultural area.
Expressways are the highest class of roads in India. As of July 2023, India has a total length of 5,145 km (3,197 mi) of expressways. These are controlled-access highways where entrance and exits are controlled by the use of cloverleaf or trumpet or grade separated interchanges that are incorporated into the design of the expressway and designed for maximum speed of 120 km/h, whereas National highways are flyover access or tolled, where entrance and exit is through the side of the flyover, at each intersection of highway with road, flyovers are provided to bypass the city/town/village traffic and these highways are designed for speed of 100 km/h. Some roads are not access-controlled expressways but are still named expressways, such as the Biju Expressway, these are actually state highways that are not declared by the central government as an Expressway, hence not an Expressway or National Highway.
IRB Infrastructure Developers Limited, is an Indian highway construction company headed by Mr. Virendra Dattatraya Mhaiskar. It was incorporated in 1998, with its headquarters in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. It is part of the IRB Group and was ranked 200th in the Fortune India 500 list in 2020. IRB Infrastructure, which executed the country's first build-operate-transfer (BOT) road project, is one of the largest operators of such ventures. Currently it has about 3,404 lane Km operational and about 2,330 lane Km under development. Among its notable projects are the Mumbai-Pune Expressway and the Ahmedabad-Vadodara Expressway. In 2012, IRB acquired Tamil Nadu based BOT road builder MVR Infrastructure and Tollways for ₹130 crore. The company got the contract of Ganga Expressway, the longest under-construction expressway in Uttar Pradesh.
NH 248-BB, commonly known as Dwarka Expressway is a 27.6 km (17.1 mi) long, under construction, 8-lane(elevated) and 8-lane(service road), total 16-lane elevated grade separated expressway connecting Dwarka in Delhi to Kherki Daula Toll Plaza, Gurgaon in Haryana. The expressway will take off from km 20 of NH 48 at Shiv Murti in Mahipalpur in Delhi and terminate at km 40 of NH 48 near Kherki Daula Toll Plaza in Gurgaon in Haryana. The Dwarka Expressway has been planned as an alternate road link between Delhi and Gurgaon, and is expected to ease the traffic situation on the Delhi-Gurgaon Expressway.
The Coimbatore Bypass Road refers to a series of bypasses connecting the various National Highways and State Highways passing through and originating in the South Indian city of Coimbatore.
Delhi–Meerut Expressway or National Expressway 3 is India's widest 96 km long controlled-access expressway, connecting Delhi with Meerut via Dasna in Ghaziabad in India. The 8 lanes old stretch of National Highway 9 (NH-9) up to Dasna is widened to 14 lanes. The fourth phase of the expressway is built on a new alignment from Dasna to Meerut – a six-lane stretch joining Meerut bypass. The 28 km (17 mi) stretch between Nizamuddin Bridge and Dasna is one of the most congested areas in the NCR. The total project cost is estimated to be between ₹8,000–10,000 crores.
National Highway 275 (NH-275), also commonly referred to as Bengaluru–Mysuru access-controlled Expressway, part of the Bengaluru–Mangaluru Economic Corridor (EC-34), is a national highway that starts from Bengaluru and goes through Mysuru as a 10-lane expressway of 119 km (74 mi), and again as 4-lane till Bilikere, and ends at Bantwal. This highway connects the coastal city of Mangaluru to Bengaluru. It is also a bypass route for the National Highway 75 (NH-75). The Bengaluru to Mysuru section of this highway was upgraded from 4 to 10 lanes, out of which the 6-lane section is the main elevated access-controlled carriageway and the other 2-lane section on both ends of the carriageway are service roads. It claims to reduce the travel time between Bengaluru and Mysuru from 3 hours to 75 minutes.
National Highway 230, also known as Kisan Path or Lucknow outer ring road is a National Highway in Uttar Pradesh, India. The Lucknow outer ring road is an 8-lane wide and 104 km long under-construction road project. The 11 km long Ayodhya road to Sultanpur road has already been constructed by the Uttar Pradesh PWD.
Delhi–Amritsar–Katra Expressway is an approved 670 km (420 mi) long, 4-lane wide controlled-access expressway, which will connect Bahadurgarh border near Delhi with Katra in Jammu and Kashmir via Haryana and Punjab. It will have a spur section which will connect Nakodar with Sri Guru Ram Dass Jee International Airport located in Raja Sansi, Amritsar. The 397.7 km (247.1 mi) long Delhi–Nakodar–Katra section is National Expressway 5(NE-5) and 99 km (62 mi) long Amritsar–Nakodar section is National Expressway 5A(NE-5A). Once completed, it will reduce the current Delhi-Katra distance from 727 km (452 mi) to 588 km (365 mi) and the time travel will be reduced from 14 hours to 6 hours, and Delhi-Amritsar distance to 405 km (252 mi) and from the time travel will be reduced from 8 hours to only 4 hours.
The Delhi–Mumbai Expressway is a 1,350 km long, 8-lane wide under-construction access-controlled expressway connecting India's national capital New Delhi to its financial capital Mumbai. The foundation stone for the project was laid by union minister Nitin Gadkari in the presence of Sushma Swaraj and Arun Jaitley on 8 March 2019. The total project value including the land acquisition cost is around ₹1,00,000 crores. An additional 31 km long spur will also be constructed by the NHAI from Noida International Airport in Jewar to Sector-65, Faridabad on this expressway.
The Samruddhi Mahamarg or Nagpur-Mumbai Expressway and Maharashtra Expressway-2 (ME-2), is a partially opened 6-lane wide, 701-km long access-controlled expressway in Maharashtra, India. It is amongst the country's longest greenfield road projects, which will connect the two capital cities of the state, its capital, Mumbai, and its third-largest and alternate capital city, Nagpur. The project is being led by the state infrastructure arm Maharashtra State Road Development Corporation (MSRDC), and is designed under the Engineering, Procurement and Construction (EPC) model.
The Trans–Haryana Expressway or the Ambala–Narnaul Expressway (NH-152D) is a 227-km long, 6-lane wide greenfield access-controlled expressway, connecting the cities of Ambala and Narnaul in the state of Haryana. The expressway connects Gangheri village in Kurukshetra district with Surana village on Narnaul Bypass (NH-148B) in Mahendragarh district. It passes via Kaul, Pundri, Assandh, Dhatrath, Kalanaur, Charkhi Dadri and Kanina. It will reduce the distance from Chandigarh to Delhi, Narnaul, and Jaipur, thus decongesting NH-44 and NH-48.
Amritsar–Jamnagar Expressway (NH-754) is an under-construction 1,257 km long, 6-lane wide expressway in the north-western part of India. The expressway will reduce the distance between Amritsar and Jamnagar from earlier 1,430 km to 1,316 km and the time travel from 26 hours to only 13 hours. It is a part of the Bharatmala and Amritsar–Jamnagar Economic Corridor (EC-3). It will pass through four states of Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan and Gujarat.
DND–Faridabad–KMP Expressway (NH-148NA) is an under-construction 59 km long, 6-lane wide access-controlled expressway in Delhi NCR, India. It will connect the junction of DND Flyway and Ring Road at Maharani Bagh in Delhi with KMP Expressway at Khalilpur, Nuh district in Haryana. Initially it was a separate expressway, but now it is a part of Delhi–Mumbai Expressway project. This expressway will have an additional 31 km long spur link from Sector-65, Faridabad bypass to Jewar Airport.
Urban Extension Road-II or NH-344M is an upcoming 75.7 km long, 6 lanes & 4 lanes wide access-controlled expressway in Delhi NCR, India. It would start from National Highway 44 at Alipur then passes from Rohini, Mundka, Najafgarh, Dwarka and end at Delhi–Gurgaon Expressway on National Highway 48 near Mahipalpur. Its main route forms a semicircle on the western side of Delhi, additionally it has two side spurs - one from Bawana in Northwest Delhi to Sonipat in Bawana's North and second in west Delhi from between Tikri border & Najafgarh to NH9 Bahadurgarh south bypass. Delhi NCT has 4 concentric ring roads around it - namely Inner Ring Road; Outer Ring Road; third ring outside it formed by the combination of UER-II & Chilla-Okhla Expressway, and fourth ring formed by the combination of part of Dwarka Expressway & Gurugaon-Ghata Expressway, Gurgaon-Sohna Elevated Corridor Expressway, Sohna-Faridabad section of Delhi-Mumbai Expressway, Faridabad–Noida–Ghaziabad Expressway (FNG), Ghaziabad-Narela Expressway (planned) and Rai-Narela-Bahadurgarh-Gurgaon Expressway. Outside these ring roads, NCR region will have 3 Regional Circular Expressways and 3 Zonal Circular Expressways (ZCE).
References
- ↑ "NHAI launches ₹1,161-cr ring road project in Jodhpur".
- ↑ "Jodhpur Ring Road connecting Jaipur to be a reality soon". DNA India. Retrieved 8 July 2022.
- ↑ "Jodhpur Ring Road Package II works contract". ProjectX India. 8 June 2022. Retrieved 8 July 2022.
- ↑ "Jodhpur Ring Road Project Resumes After 18 Months | Jodhpur News — Times of India". The Times of India. 14 April 2022. Retrieved 8 July 2022.
- ↑ "Sadbhav Jodhpur Ring Road achieves financial closure". www.projectstoday.com. Retrieved 8 July 2022.