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Nordic combined is a winter sport in which athletes compete in cross-country skiing and ski jumping. The Nordic combined at the Winter Olympics has been held since the first ever Winter Olympics in 1924, while the FIS Nordic Combined World Cup has been held since 1983. Many Nordic combined competitions use the Gundersen method, where placement in the ski jumping segment results in time (dis)advantages added to the contestant's total in the cross-country skiing segment.
Ski jumping is a winter sport in which competitors aim to achieve the farthest jump after sliding down on their skis from a specially designed curved ramp. Along with jump length, competitor's aerial style and other factors also affect the final score. Ski jumping was first contested in Norway in the late 19th century, and later spread through Europe and North America in the early 20th century. Along with cross-country skiing, it constitutes the traditional group of Nordic skiing disciplines.
The 1992 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XVI Olympic Winter Games and commonly known as Albertville '92, was a winter multi-sport event held from 8 to 23 February 1992 in and around Albertville, France. Albertville won the bid to host the Winter Olympics in 1986, beating Sofia, Falun, Lillehammer, Cortina d'Ampezzo, Anchorage, and Berchtesgaden. The 1992 Winter Olympics were the last winter games held in the same year as the Summer Olympics. The Games were the fifth Olympic Games held in France and the country's third Winter Olympics, after the 1924 Winter Games in Chamonix and the 1968 Winter Games in Grenoble. This games was the first of two consecutive Olympic games to be held in Western Europe, preceding the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain.
Bjørn Erlend Dæhlie is a Norwegian businessman and retired cross-country skier. From 1992 to 1999, Dæhlie won the Nordic World Cup six times, finishing second in 1994 and 1998. Dæhlie won a total of 29 medals in the Olympics and World Championships between 1991 and 1999, making him the most successful male cross-country skier in history.
Anssi Einar Koivuranta is a retired Finnish ski jumper and former Nordic combined skier, best known for winning the 2008–09 FIS Nordic Combined World Cup. He won the gold medal in the 4 × 5 km team event and a bronze medal in the 15 km Gundersen race at the 2007 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships in Sapporo. After winning a Ski Jumping World Cup competition in Innsbruck on 4 January 2014, Koivuranta became the first ever athlete in history of ski jumping to win an event in both Nordic combined and the ski jumping World Cup.
Allar Levandi is an Estonian nordic combined skier who competed during the late 1980s and early 1990s under two different nations in three straight Winter Olympic Games. He trained at Dynamo in Tallinn when Estonia was under Soviet rule in the late 1980s.
Klaus Ofner is an Austrian nordic combined skier who competed during the late 1980s and early 1990s. He won a bronze medal in the Nordic combined 3 x 10 km team event at the 1992 Winter Olympics in Albertville.
Raimo Esko Tapio Ylipulli is a Finnish former ski jumper who competed from 1986 to 1994. He won a silver medal in the team large hill at the 1991 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships in Val di Fiemme and finished 20th in the individual large hill at those same championships.
Heiko Hunger is a German former Nordic combined skier and ski jumper who competed from 1984 to 1992. He won the bronze medal in the team large hill at the 1991 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships and had his best individual finish of 30th in the individual normal hill at the 1989 championships
Michael Harry Holland is an American former ski jumper. He was world distance record holder for 27 minutes, surpassed shortly after by Matti Nykänen in 1985.
Jim Holland is an American former ski jumper. He competed in the 1992 Winter Olympics in Albertville, France and the 1994 Winter Olympics in Lillehammer, Norway.
Jason Lamy-Chappuis is a Franco-American former ski jumper and cross-country skier who has represented France in Nordic combined ski events between 2002 and 2015, then in the 2017-18 season.
Andrea Cecon was an Italian Nordic combined skier who competed from 1992 to 2001. He also competed as a ski jumper at the 1994 Winter Olympics in Lillehammer, finishing eighth in the team large hill event.
Jan Matura is a Czech former nordic skier competing from 1999 to 2001 and a former ski jumper competing from 2002 to 2017.
John David Jarrett is an American former Nordic combined skier who competed in the 1990s, including the 1994 Winter Olympics and the 1998 Winter Olympics.
Tremplin du Praz is a ski jumping hill at Le Praz in Courchevel, France. The complex consists of four hills: a large hill with construction point of K125 (HS132), a normal hill at K90 (HS96), and two training hills at K60 and K25. The complex also has a cross-country skiing stadium used for Nordic combined. Jörg Ritzerfeld holds the large hill winter record of 134.0 metres and Nicolas Mayer the normal hill record of 100.5 metres.
Para-Nordic skiing classification is the classification system for para-Nordic skiing which includes the biathlon and cross-country events. The classifications for Para-Nordic skiing mirrors the classifications for Para-Alpine skiing with some exceptions. A functional mobility and medical classification is in use, with skiers being divided into three groups: standing skiers, sit skiers and visually impaired skiers. International classification is governed by International Paralympic Committee, Nordic Skiing (IPC-NS). Other classification is handled by national bodies. Before the IPC-NS took over classification, a number of organizations handled classification based on the type of disability.
Vitaliy Kalinichenko is a Ukrainian ski jumper and former Nordic combined skier.
Ben Loomis is an American Nordic combined skier. He competed at the 2018 Winter Olympics and was selected to represent Team USA at the upcoming 2022 Winter Olympics.
Dmytro Mazurchuk is a Ukrainian Nordic combined skier and former ski jumper. He competed at the 2022 Winter Olympics. He is bronze medallist of the 2023 Winter World University Games.
References
- ↑ "Results Plus", The New York Times, March 10, 1991
- ↑ "Meet the Athletes: Ski Jumpers in the Eastern USA". EASTERN SKI JUMPING & NORDIC COMBINED FOUNDATION, INC. Archived from the original on July 14, 2014. Retrieved July 3, 2014.
