John Clague | |
---|---|
Born | 10 October 1842 Ballanorris, Isle of Man |
Died | 23 August 1908 65) Castletown, Isle of Man | (aged
Nationality | Manx |
Alma mater | King William's College, Guy's Hospital |
Occupation | Physician |
Notable work | Manx National Songs, Manx National Music, Cooinaghtyn Manninagh: Manx Reminiscences |
John Clague (10 October 1842 – 23 August 1908) was a Manx physician and a collector of Manx music, songs, dances, and customs. [1]
Clague was born in Ballanorris, Arbory on the Isle of Man in 1842 to tenant farmer Henry Clague and his wife Elizabeth. He was educated in the local school in Ballabeg before attending the Old Grammar School in Castletown and later King William's College. [2] Clague received his medical training in Guy's Hospital in London and returned to the Isle of Man in 1873 to practise medicine. He married Margaret Eliza Watterson in the same year. [3]
Despite coming from a relatively humble farming background, Clague excelled while studying for his medical degree, winning several awards and rising to become the "foremost medical practitioner on the Isle of Man". [4] Based in Castletown, he was surgeon to Castle Rushen jail, to the household of the lieutenant governor, and also to the troops garrisoned in the barracks there. Clague worked in the south of the Isle of Man for decades and was a prominent figure on the island in his own right. Manx language teacher and author John Gell remembered Clague coming to treat his father after he fell sick and that he was well known for refusing to take payment from patients. [5] [4] [6]
Clague was aware that traditional Manx music and culture was rapidly declining. As a doctor, he was an influential and respected figure in the community and he used this position to collect songs, dances, and melodies as he travelled in the south of the island. [1] Clague's informants were generally men from working backgrounds such as fishermen. His favourite informant was the blind fisherman Thomas Kermode:
He lost the sight of his eyes after small-pox when he was very little, and was obliged to use his ears in place of his eyes. He had a wonderfully good memory, and he was good to sing, and he knew the Manx language very well. The greater part of the words and songs that I have taken down from his singing, and I spent many happy hours in writing them down. Although he was blind, he continued at his work as a fisherman for many years. He had great intelligence, and I owe him a great deal for the knowledge he has given me of the life of the Manx at the beginning of the nineteenth century. [1]
Clague collected these works and arranged them in Manx National Songs which was published in 1896 and Manx National Music in 1898. [1]
Following the decline of Manx as a community language on the Isle of Man during much of the 19th century, interest in the language was renewed, most notably among educated men in the town of Peel where it was still common to hear Manx spoken by the fishermen. Although Clague was in the south of the island, there were still many native speakers; and by talking to them, he taught himself the Manx language as part of his effort to preserve traditional Manx culture. [3] During his work he spoke to people who could speak Manx or could remember the traditional Manx songs. [7]
Along with several other prominent members of the Manx language revival such as J. J. Kneen and Edmund Goodwin, Clague was a founding member of Yn Çheshaght Ghailckagh in 1899 in Peel. [8] A. W. Moore, the director of the Manx Museum and the organisation's first president, explained that Yn Çheshaght Ghailckagh was concerned not only with the preservation and promotion of the Manx language, but rather with all things related to Manx culture:
Though called the Manx Language Society, it should, I think, by no means confine its energies to the promotion of an interest in the language, but extend them to the study of Manx history, the collection of Manx music, ballads, carols, folklore, proverbs, place-names, including the old field names which are rapidly dying out in a word, to the preservation of everything that IS distinctively Manx, and, above all, to the cultivation of a national spirit. [8]
Clague retired in the early 20th century, but continued to see some of his long-term patients until shortly before his death on 23 August 1908. The funeral took place at St. Columba, Arbory Parish church in Ballabeg. Many of the shops and businesses in Castletown closed for the day in respect. [9] The bell tower was added in 1915 in memory of Clague. [10]
His bilingual book Cooinaghtyn Manninagh: Manx Reminiscences was published posthumously in 1911.
Port St Mary is a village district in the south-west of the Isle of Man. The village takes its name from the former Chapel of St Mary which is thought to have overlooked Chapel Bay in the village. Its population is 1,953 according to the 2011 census. In the 19th century it was sometimes called Port-le-Murray.
Yn Chruinnaght is a cultural festival in the Isle of Man which celebrates Manx music, Manx language and culture, and links with other Celtic cultures.
Ballabeg is a village on the Isle of Man. It is in the parish of Arbory in the sheading of Rushen, in the south of the island near Castletown. There are several small villages and hamlets with the name, although Ballabeg in Arbory is the most well-known and populous.
Literature in the Manx language, which shares common linguistic and cultural roots with the Gaelic literature and Pre-Christian Celtic mythology of Ireland and Scotland, is known from at least the early 16th century, when the majority of the population still belonged to the Catholic Church in the Isle of Man. Even so, Manx orthography departs so radically from Irish or Scottish Gaelic orthography that it is all but illegible to literate native speakers of both languages.
Glashtyn is a legendary creature from Manx folklore.
Thomas Brian Stowell, also known as Brian Mac Stoyll, was a Manx radio personality, Celticist, physicist, and author. He was formerly Yn Lhaihder to the Parliament of the Isle of Man, Tynwald. He is considered one of the primary people behind the revival of the Manx language.
John Joseph Kneen was a Manx linguist and scholar renowned for his seminal works on Manx grammar and on the place names and personal names of the Isle of Man. He is also a significant Manx dialect playwright and translator of Manx poetry. He is commonly best known for his translation of the Manx National Anthem into Manx.
Alpine Cottage including the adjacent Alpine House is situated between the 16th and 17th Milestone road-side markers on the Snaefell Mountain Course on the primary A3 Castletown to Ramsey road in the parish of Ballaugh in the Isle of Man.
Douglas Road Corner or Kirk Michael Corner is situated adjacent the 14th Milestone road-side marker on the Snaefell Mountain Course on the primary A3 Castletown to Ramsey Road and the road junction with the A4 Peel to Kirk Michael Coast Road in the parish of Michael in the Isle of Man.
Mona Douglas was a Manx cultural activist, folklorist, poet, novelist and journalist. She is recognised as the main driving force behind the modern revival of Manx culture and is acknowledged as the most influential Manx poet of the 20th century, but she is best known for her often controversial work to preserve and revive traditional Manx folk music and dance. She was involved in a great number of initiatives to revive interest and activity in Manx culture, including societies, classes, publications and youth groups. The most notable and successful of these was Yn Chruinnaght.
Mannin: Journal of Matters Past and Present relating to Mann was an academic journal for the promotion of Manx culture, published biannually between 1913 and 1917 by the Manx Society, Yn Cheshaght Ghailckagh. It was edited by Sophia Morrison, with the assistance of William Cubbon.
Colin Jerry was a Manx cultural activist best known for his contributions to Manx music through his books, Kiaull yn Theay, published in two volumes. He was awarded the Reih Bleeaney Vanannan in 1991 for his contributions to Manx culture which were 'extensive and staggering.'
Yn Çheshaght Ghailckagh, also known as the Manx Language Society and formerly known as Manx Gaelic Society, is an organization dedicated to, and was founded in 1899 in the Isle of Man to, promote the Manx language. The group's motto is Gyn çhengey, gyn çheer.
Rinkaghyn Vannin is an important book of 28 Manx dances, mostly collected by Mona Douglas, which was published in 1983 by Sleih gyn Thie.
John Gell, also known as Jack Gell or Juan y Geill was a Manx speaker, teacher, and author who was involved with the revival of the Manx Language on the Isle of Man in the 20th century. His book Conversational Manx, A Series of Graded Lessons in Manx and English, with Phonetic Pronunciation has been used by learners of the Manx language since it was published in 1953.
Edmund Evans Greaves Goodwin was a Manx language scholar, linguist, and teacher. He is best known for his work First Lessons in Manx that he wrote to accompany the classes he taught in Peel.
Doug Fargher (1926–1987) also known as Doolish y Karagher or Yn Breagagh, was a Manx language activist, author, and radio personality who was involved with the revival of the Manx language on the Isle of Man in the 20th century. He is best known for his English-Manx Dictionary (1979), the first modern dictionary for the Manx language. Fargher was involved in the promotion of Manx language, culture and nationalist politics throughout his life.
John William Radcliffe, more commonly known as Bill Radcliffe, or also Illiam y Radlagh, was a Manx language activist, author, and teacher who was involved with the revival of the Manx language on the Isle of Man in the 20th century. His work recording the last native speakers of the language with the Irish Folklore Commission helped to ensure that a spoken record of the Manx language survived.
Leslie Quirk, also known as Y Kione Jiarg, was a Manx language activist and teacher who was involved with the language's revival on the Isle of Man in the 20th century. His work recording the last native speakers of the language with the Irish Folklore Commission and the Manx Museum helped to ensure that a spoken record of the Manx language survived.