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Amarna is an extensive ancient Egyptian archaeological site containing the remains of what was the capital city during the late Eighteenth Dynasty. The city of Akhetaten was established in 1346 BC, built at the direction of the Pharaoh Akhenaten, and abandoned shortly after his death in 1332 BC. The name that the ancient Egyptians used for the city is transliterated as Akhetaten or Akhetaton, meaning "the horizon of the Aten".
Akhenaten, also spelled Akhenaton or Echnaton, was an ancient Egyptian pharaoh reigning c. 1353–1336 or 1351–1334 BC, the tenth ruler of the Eighteenth Dynasty. Before the fifth year of his reign, he was known as Amenhotep IV.
Nefertiti was a queen of the 18th Dynasty of Ancient Egypt, the great royal wife of Pharaoh Akhenaten. Nefertiti and her husband were known for their radical overhaul of state religious policy, in which they promoted the earliest known form of monotheism, Atenism, centered on the sun disc and its direct connection to the royal household. With her husband, she reigned at what was arguably the wealthiest period of ancient Egyptian history. After her husband's death, some scholars believe that Nefertiti ruled briefly as the female pharaoh known by the throne name, Neferneferuaten and before the ascension of Tutankhamun, although this identification is a matter of ongoing debate. If Nefertiti did rule as pharaoh, her reign was marked by the fall of Amarna and relocation of the capital back to the traditional city of Thebes.
Narmer was an ancient Egyptian king of the Early Dynastic Period, whose reign began at a date estimated to fall in the range 3273–2987 BC. He was the successor to the Protodynastic king Ka. Many scholars consider him the unifier of Egypt and founder of the First Dynasty, and in turn the first king of a unified Egypt. He also had a prominently noticeable presence in Canaan, compared to his predecessors and successors. Neithhotep is thought to be his queen consort or his daughter.
Atenism, also known as the Aten religion, the Amarna religion, and the Amarna heresy, was a religion in ancient Egypt. It was founded by Akhenaten, a pharaoh who ruled the New Kingdom under the Eighteenth Dynasty. The religion is described as monotheistic or monolatristic, although some Egyptologists argue that it was actually henotheistic. Atenism was centered on the cult of Aten, a god depicted as the disc of the Sun. Aten was originally an aspect of Ra, Egypt's traditional solar deity, though he was later asserted by Akhenaten as being the superior of all deities.
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Tomb KV35 is the burial place of Amenhotep II, a pharaoh of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt, in the Valley of the Kings in Luxor, Egypt. Later, it was used as a cache for other royal mummies. It was discovered by Victor Loret in March 1898.
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Barry John Kemp, was an English archaeologist and Egyptologist. He was Professor of Egyptology at the University of Cambridge and directed excavations at Amarna in Egypt. His book Ancient Egypt: Anatomy of a Civilisation is a core text of Egyptology and many Ancient History courses.
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Ankhkheperure-Merit-Neferkheperure/Waenre/Aten Neferneferuaten was a name used to refer to a female king who reigned toward the end of the Amarna Period during the Eighteenth Dynasty. Her gender is confirmed by feminine traces occasionally found in the name and by the epithet Akhet-en-hyes, incorporated into one version of her nomen cartouche. She is distinguished from the king Smenkhkare who used the same throne name, Ankhkheperure, by the presence of epithets in both cartouches. She is suggested to have been either Smenkhkare's wife, Meritaten or, his predecessor's widow, Nefertiti. If this person is Nefertiti ruling as sole king, it has been theorized by Egyptologist and archaeologist Zahi Hawass that her reign was marked by the fall of Amarna and relocation of the capital back to the traditional city of Thebes.
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Amarna Tomb 3 is a rock-cut cliff tomb located in Amarna, Upper Egypt. The tomb belonged to the Ancient Egyptian noble Ahmes (Ahmose), who served during the reign of Akhenaten. The tomb is situated at the base of a steep cliff and mountain track at the north-eastern end of the Amarna plains. It is located in the northern side of the wadi that splits the cluster of graves known collectively as the Northern tombs. Amarna Tomb 3 is one of six elite tombs belonging to the officials of Akhenaten. It was one of the first Northern tombs, built in Year 9 of the reign of Akhenaten.
Colleen Darnell is an American Egyptologist, whose expertise includes Late Period uses of the Underworld Books, ancient Egyptian military history, the literature of New Kingdom Egypt, and Egyptian revival history.
Herbert Walter Fairman was a British Egyptologist. During his career he served as a field director for two excavations in Egypt that were funded by the Egypt Exploration Society.
References
- 1 2 Bass, Carole (January 17, 2013). "New details in Darnell suspension". Yale Alumni Magazine . Archived from the original on November 11, 2022.
- ↑ "John C Darnell". Radaris.
- 1 2 3 4 Killingsworth, Catherine (Dec 7, 2007). "Profile – Man, Myth, or Legend?". Yale Daily News . Archived from the original on September 29, 2017.
- ↑ Darnell, John. "Egyptology". MacMillan Report (Interview). Interviewed by Marilyn Wilkes. YouTube: Yale. Retrieved Nov 13, 2022.
- ↑ Burnett, Z.G. (Oct 25, 2022). "Q&A: Dr John Coleman Darnell & Dr Colleen Darnell". Antiques and the Arts Weekly . Archived from the original on October 27, 2022.
- ↑ "John Coleman Darnell". Yale University, Near Eastern Languages & Civilizations. Archived from the original on October 26, 2022.
- ↑ Wilford, John Noble (September 6, 2010). "Desert Roads Lead to Discovery in Egypt" . The New York Times . Retrieved November 13, 2022.
The explorations of the Theban Desert Road Survey, a Yale University project co-directed by the Darnells, called attention to the previously underappreciated significance of caravan routes and oasis settlements in Egyptian antiquity.
- 1 2 Bass, Carole (August 28, 2013). "Scandal brings new punishments for Egyptology program". Yale Alumni Magazine . Archived from the original on November 11, 2022.
- ↑ Narea, Nicole; Zorthian, Julia (Jan 14, 2013). "Darnell suspended following affair with fellow professor, former student". Yale Daily News . Archived from the original on April 25, 2013.
- 1 2 Bass, Carole (March–April 2013). "Professor suspended over affair with student". Yale Alumni Magazine . Archived from the original on November 13, 2022.
- ↑ Branch, Mark Alden (February 1, 2013). "Yale staffer reported Darnell relationship". Yale Alumni Magazine . Archived from the original on November 11, 2022.
- ↑ Lalwani, Nikita; Zorthian, Julia (Jan 10, 2013). "Darnell resigns as dept chair following relationship with student". Yale Daily News . Archived from the original on January 13, 2013.
- ↑ "John Coleman Darnell". Academic Sexual Misconduct Database. Archived from the original on February 5, 2022.
- ↑ Zorthian, Julia (Aug 28, 2013). "Egyptology program in hot water". Yale Daily News . Archived from the original on July 10, 2017.
- ↑ Laneri, Raquel (Nov 12, 2022). "Meet the sexy Egyptology scholars who dress like Indiana Jones characters". New York Post . Archived from the original on November 12, 2022.
- 1 2 3 Craven, TinaMarie (October 20, 2022). "Clad in vintage 1920s fashion, CT Egyptologist couple explores ancient world". CTInsider.com. Retrieved November 13, 2022.
Egypt's Golden Couple: When Akhenaten and Nefertiti Were Gods on Earth will be published Nov. 1 by the professorial pair of John Coleman Darnell and Colleen Darnell, who live in Durham.... Both John and Colleen prefer to wear vintage fashion in every part of their life and together they run an Instagram account that focuses on vintage styles and ancient Egypt.
- ↑ Young, Ashley (December 16, 2006). "John C. Darnell...Man, Myth or Legend?". Facebook . Archived from the original on November 14, 2022.
