Jonathan Mark Dunsby [1] FRSA (born 16 March 1953) is a British classical pianist, musicologist, author and translator, particularly known for his research in musical analysis. His introductory textbook, Music Analysis in Theory and Practice (1988), co-authored with Arnold Whittall, is a standard work in the field. Dunsby has held professorships at the University of Reading (1985–2006) in the UK, and SUNY University at Buffalo (2006–7) and the Eastman School of Music, University of Rochester (from 2007) in the United States, and was the founding editor-in-chief of the journal Music Analysis (1982–86).
Dunsby was born in Wakefield, West Riding of Yorkshire in 1953. [2] He was educated at Bradford Grammar School, [1] and was a pupil of the pianist Fanny Waterman for twelve years from 1964. [1] [2] [3] He attended New College, University of Oxford, graduating with a BA in music (1973). [1] [2] His PhD was from the University of Leeds (1976), under the supervision of the composer Alexander Goehr, and was on the topic of musical analysis of Brahms; it was later published as the book, Structural Ambiguity in Brahms (1981). [2]
In 1975, Dunsby won the Commonwealth Competition in piano, and he also had successes in the Leeds, Geneva and Munich piano competitions. [2] He played in a duo with the violinist, Vanya Milanova, [2] and has also performed with the singer Yvonne Minton and the cellist Felix Schmidt. [1]
In 1976, Dunsby went to the United States, holding a Harkness Fellowship at Princeton University and the University of Southern California, returning in 1978 to the Bath College of Higher Education (now Bath Spa University). [2] He was appointed lecturer at King's College, London (1979–85), under Arnold Whittall, [4] and then became professor of music at the University of Reading (1985–2006); additionally he was an associate professor at the University of Southern California (1983) and a visiting fellow at New College, Oxford (1992). [1] [2] [5] In 2006, he returned to the United States as the Slee Professor of Music Theory, SUNY University at Buffalo. The following year, he joined the Eastman School of Music of the University of Rochester, where, as of 2021, he is professor of music theory. [5]
He was the first editor-in-chief of the journal Music Analysis (1982–86). [2] [5] In 1989, he was elected Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts. [1] [6] He is the inaugural chair and life president of the UK Society for Music Analysis (from 1992), [2] [5] and served as the president of the Music Theory Society of New York State (2009–13). [1] [7]
Dunsby researches in musical analysis, especially as it relates to performance, as well as the history of music from around 1800. After his doctoral thesis on Brahms, his early work focused on the analysis of Schoenberg. He published an introductory textbook on musical analysis, co-authored with Whittall (1988), described in Grove Music Online as "a standard work for students and teachers". [2] In 1989, he published an opinion piece, "Performance and analysis of music", in Music Analysis , which Bethany Lowe credits as a thought-provoking early contribution to performance analysis. [8]
His 1995 book Performing Music: Shared Concerns discusses performance studies as a discipline. [2] In the book, Dunsby uses his dual background as both musician and academic to elucidate practical and mental aspects of performance. [2] [9] According to Sarah Martin, in a broadly positive review for Music Analysis, the book takes an unconventional approach to research into performance practice, by abandoning the analysis of historical performances based on documentary evidence or recordings. Instead Performing Music addresses two principal themes: musicians as problem-solvers interpreting the score, and the anxiety that Dunsby posits is inherent in performing, which he distinguishes from stage fright and which, in his opinion, forces players to turn to music theory – a recurrent topic throughout the book. He claims that in order to play a work, the performer must not only understand its structure, but also demonstrate this understanding in their performance in some fashion; otherwise, as he puts it, "the whole construction will crumble". [9] Martin is not convinced on the latter point, describing it as an "extreme claim"; while she agrees that analysis can help to guide performance, she considers Dunsby's claim that such work is absolutely necessary to go too far. [9] In a 1997 article in The Musical Times , he criticises the distinction between musical performance and the musical score, as developed in the work of Peter Kivy; a response from Peter Johnson comments on Dunsby's lack of discussion of musical performances. [10]
He has also translated the works of Jean-Jacques Nattiez and Pierre Boulez. [1]
Johannes Brahms was a German composer, virtuoso pianist, and conductor of the mid-Romantic period. His music is rooted in the structures and compositional techniques of his Classical forebears, including Ludwig van Beethoven and Johann Sebastian Bach. His compositions include four symphonies, four concertos, a Requiem, and many songs, amongst other music for symphony orchestra, piano, organ, voices, and chamber ensembles. They remain a staple of the concert repertoire.
In music, a tone row or note row, also series or set, is a non-repetitive ordering of a set of pitch-classes, typically of the twelve notes in musical set theory of the chromatic scale, though both larger and smaller sets are sometimes found.
Music theory is the study of the practices and possibilities of music. The Oxford Companion to Music describes three interrelated uses of the term "music theory": The first is the "rudiments", that are needed to understand music notation ; the second is learning scholars' views on music from antiquity to the present; the third is a sub-topic of musicology that "seeks to define processes and general principles in music". The musicological approach to theory differs from music analysis "in that it takes as its starting-point not the individual work or performance but the fundamental materials from which it is built."
Arnold Schoenberg or Schönberg was an Austrian and American composer, music theorist, teacher and writer. He was among the first modernists who transformed the practice of harmony in 20th-century classical music, and a central element of his music was its use of motives as a means of coherence. He propounded concepts like developing variation, the emancipation of the dissonance, and the "unity of musical space".
In music, serialism is a method of composition using series of pitches, rhythms, dynamics, timbres or other musical elements. Serialism began primarily with Arnold Schoenberg's twelve-tone technique, though some of his contemporaries were also working to establish serialism as a form of post-tonal thinking. Twelve-tone technique orders the twelve notes of the chromatic scale, forming a row or series and providing a unifying basis for a composition's melody, harmony, structural progressions, and variations. Other types of serialism also work with sets, collections of objects, but not necessarily with fixed-order series, and extend the technique to other musical dimensions, such as duration, dynamics, and timbre.
The twelve-tone technique—also known as dodecaphony, twelve-tone serialism, and twelve-note composition—is a method of musical composition. The technique is a means of ensuring that all 12 notes of the chromatic scale are sounded as often as one another in a piece of music while preventing the emphasis of any one note through the use of tone rows, orderings of the 12 pitch classes. All 12 notes are thus given more or less equal importance, and the music avoids being in a key.
Dreimal sieben Gedichte aus Albert Girauds "Pierrot lunaire", commonly known simply as Pierrot lunaire, Op. 21, is a melodrama by Arnold Schoenberg. It is a setting of 21 selected poems from Albert Giraud's cycle of the same name as translated into German by Otto Erich Hartleben. The work is written for reciter who delivers the poems in the Sprechstimme style accompanied by a small instrumental ensemble. Schoenberg had previously used a combination of spoken text with instrumental accompaniment, called "melodrama", in the summer-wind narrative of the Gurre-Lieder, which was a fashionable musical style popular at the end of the nineteenth century. Though the music is atonal, it does not employ Schoenberg's twelve-tone technique, which he did not use until 1921.
In music, a subject is the material, usually a recognizable melody, upon which part or all of a composition is based. In forms other than the fugue, this may be known as the theme.
Allen Forte was an American music theorist and musicologist. He was Battell Professor Emeritus of the Theory of Music at Yale University and specialized in 20th-century atonal music and music analysis.
Carl Dahlhaus was a German musicologist who was among the leading postwar musicologists of the mid to late 20th-century. A prolific scholar, he had broad interests though his research focused on 19th- and 20th-century classical music, both areas in which he made significant advancements. However, he remains best known in the English-speaking world for his writings on Wagner. Dahlhaus wrote on many other composers, including Josquin, Gesualdo, Bach and Schoenberg.
David Benjamin Lewin was an American music theorist, music critic and composer. Called "the most original and far-ranging theorist of his generation", he did his most influential theoretical work on the development of transformational theory, which involves the application of mathematical group theory to music.
Drei Klavierstücke, Op. 11, is a set of pieces for solo piano written by the Austrian composer Arnold Schoenberg in 1909. They represent an early example of atonality in the composer's work.
Carlos Claudio Spies was a Chilean American composer.
Arnold Schoenberg's Suite for Piano, Op. 25, is a 12-tone piece for piano composed between 1921 and 1923. The work is the earliest in which Schoenberg employs a row of "12 tones related only to one another" in every movement: the earlier 5 Stücke, Op. 23 (1920–23) employs a 12-tone row only in the final waltz movement, and the Serenade, Op. 24, uses a single row in its central Sonnet. The basic tone row of the suite consists of the following pitches: E–F–G–D♭–G♭–E♭–A♭–D–B–C–A–B♭.
Anton Webern's Concerto for Nine Instruments, Op. 24, written in 1934, is a twelve-tone concerto for nine instruments: flute, oboe, clarinet, horn, trumpet, trombone, violin, viola, and piano. It consists of three movements:
Arnold Whittall is a British musicologist and academic. Whittall's research areas have primarily been centred around the musical analysis of 20th-century music and aspects of the nineteenth-century, such as the music of Richard Wagner. He is Professor Emeritus of Musical Theory and Analysis at King's College London, having worked as Professor there between 1975 and 1996.
Timothy L. Jackson is an American professor of music theory who has spent most of his career at the University of North Texas and specializes in music of the eighteenth through twentieth centuries, Schenkerian theory, politics and music. He is the co-founder of the Journal of Schenkerian Studies. In 2020, he became controversial for editing a special issue of that journal containing articles criticizing Philip Ewell's plenary talk "Music Theory's White Racial Frame".
Anthony John Leonard Pople was a British musicologist and writer. He is known for his technological approach to musicology and music analysis. During his career, Pople held professorships at Lancaster University, University of Southampton and University of Sheffield. He also served as the editor of Music Analysis for five years.
The Society for Music Analysis is an academic society, founded in 1992 by Jonathan Dunsby, specializing in music theory and analysis. It is based in England and, although it does not produce it, is closely associated with the academic journal Music Analysis. which published its first issue in 1982.