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Antisemitism or Jew-hatred is hostility to, prejudice towards, or discrimination against, Jews. This sentiment is a form of racism, and a person who harbours it is called an antisemite. Primarily, antisemitic tendencies may be motivated by negative sentiment towards Jews as a people or by negative sentiment towards Jews with regard to Judaism. In the former case, usually presented as racial antisemitism, a person's hostility is driven by the belief that Jews constitute a distinct race with inherent traits or characteristics that are repulsive or inferior to the preferred traits or characteristics within that person's society. In the latter case, known as religious antisemitism, a person's hostility is driven by their religion's perception of Jews and Judaism, typically encompassing doctrines of supersession that expect or demand Jews to turn away from Judaism and submit to the religion presenting itself as Judaism's successor faith—this is a common theme within the other Abrahamic religions. The development of racial and religious antisemitism has historically been encouraged by the concept of anti-Judaism, which is distinct from antisemitism itself.
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Antisemitism at universities has been reported and supported since the medieval period and, more recently, resisted and studied. Antisemitism has been manifested in various policies and practices, such as restricting the admission of Jewish students by a Jewish quota, or ostracism, intimidation, or violence against Jewish students, as well as in the hiring, retention and treatment of Jewish faculty and staff. In some instances, universities have been accused of condoning the development of antisemitic cultures on campus.
Different opinions exist among historians regarding the extent of antisemitism in American history and how American antisemitism contrasted with its European counterpart. In contrast to the horrors of European history, John Higham states that in the United States "no decisive event, no deep crisis, no powerful social movement, no great individual is associated primarily with, or significant chiefly because of anti-Semitism." Accordingly, David A. Gerber concludes that antisemitism "has been a distinctly minor feature of the nation's historical development." Historian Britt Tevis argue that, "Handlin and Higham’s ideas remain influential, and many American Jewish historians continue to present antisemitism as largely insignificant, momentary, primarily social."
Antisemitism has long existed in the United States. Most Jewish community relations agencies in the United States draw distinctions between antisemitism, which is measured in terms of attitudes and behaviors, and the security and status of American Jews, which are both measured by the occurrence of specific incidents.
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Jews have faced antisemitism and discrimination in universities and campuses in the United States, from the founding of universities in the Thirteen Colonies until the present day in varying intensities. From the early 20th century, and until the 1960s, indirect quotas were placed on Jewish admissions, quotas were first placed on Jews by elite universities such Columbia, Harvard and Yale and were prevalent as late as the 1960s in universities such as Stanford. These quotas disappeared in the 1970s.
References
- ↑ "Josef Sorett | Department of Religion". religion.columbia.edu. Retrieved December 9, 2023.
- 1 2 3 4 Bollinger, Lee C (May 24, 2022). "Dr. Josef Sorett (STH '00) Appointed Dean of Columbia College". Boston University School of Theology . Retrieved May 1, 2024.
- ↑ "Three African American Scholars Who Have Been Appointed Deans". The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education . June 6, 2022. Retrieved May 1, 2024.
- ↑ "Meet Columbia's Five New Deans". Columbia Magazine. Fall 2022. Retrieved July 9, 2024.
- ↑ Andres, Dylan (February 22, 2022). "Inclusive Public Safety Advisory Committee starts to make headway amid administrative turnover". Columbia Daily Spectator . Retrieved July 9, 2024.
- ↑ "The Inclusive Public Safety Advisory Committee". Columbia University . Retrieved July 9, 2024.
- ↑ Tress, Luke (August 9, 2024). "3 Columbia deans quit after exchanging texts deriding campus antisemitism concerns". The Times of Israel . Retrieved August 12, 2024.
- ↑ Arnold, Sarah (June 22, 2024). "Three Columbia University Deans Placed On Leave Over Disparaging Antisemitism Texts". Townhall . Retrieved August 12, 2024.
- ↑ Clark, Jeffrey (June 21, 2024). "Three Columbia University deans placed on administrative leave over disparaging texts". Fox News . Retrieved August 12, 2024.
- ↑ Sorett, Josef (July 8, 2024). "A Message from the Dean". Columbia College . Retrieved July 9, 2024.
- 1 2 Otterman, Sharon (August 8, 2024). "3 Columbia University Deans Who Sent Insulting Texts Have Resigned". The New York Times. Retrieved August 9, 2024.
- ↑ Winters, Joseph (December 9, 2018). "Spirit in the Dark: A Religious History of Racial Aesthetics by Josef Sorett (review)". African American Review. 51 (2): 155–158. doi:10.1353/afa.2018.0027 . Retrieved December 9, 2023– via Project MUSE.
- ↑ Thyssen, Ashwin Afrikanus (August 1, 2023). "The sexual politics of black churches: edited by Josef Sorrett, New York, Columbia University Press, 2022, 280 pp., $ 35 (paperback), ISBN: 9780231188333". Politics, Religion & Ideology. 24 (4): 614–616. doi:10.1080/21567689.2023.2242682 . Retrieved December 9, 2023– via CrossRef.
