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Epperson v. Arkansas,393 U.S. 97 (1968),was a landmark United States Supreme Court case that invalidated an Arkansas statute prohibiting the teaching of human evolution in the public schools. The Court held that the First Amendment to the United States Constitution prohibits a state from requiring,in the words of the majority opinion,"that teaching and learning must be tailored to the principles or prohibitions of any religious sect or dogma." The Supreme Court declared the Arkansas statute unconstitutional because it violated the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment. After this decision,some jurisdictions passed laws that required the teaching of creation science alongside evolution when evolution was taught. These were also ruled unconstitutional by the Court in the 1987 case Edwards v. Aguillard.
Rose Elizabeth Bird was the 25th Chief Justice of the California Supreme Court. Her career was marked by firsts. She was the first female clerk of the Nevada Supreme Court,the first female deputy public defender in Santa Clara County,the first woman to serve in the California State Cabinet,and the first female Chief Justice of California.
A law clerk,judicial clerk or judicial assistant is a person,generally someone who provides direct counsel and assistance to a lawyer or judge by researching issues and drafting legal opinions for cases before the court. Judicial clerks often play significant roles in the formation of case law through their influence upon judges' decisions and perform some quasi-secretarial duties. Judicial clerks should not be confused with legal clerks/paralegals,court clerks,or courtroom deputies who perform other duties within the legal profession and perform more quasi-secretarial duties than law clerks,or legal secretaries that only provide secretarial and administrative support duties to attorneys and/or judges.
The Supreme Court of Virginia is the highest court in the Commonwealth of Virginia. It primarily hears direct appeals in civil cases from the trial-level city and county circuit courts,as well as the criminal law,family law and administrative law cases that are initially appealed to the Court of Appeals of Virginia. It is one of the oldest continuously active judicial bodies in the United States. It was known as the Supreme Court of Appeals until 1970,when it was renamed the Supreme Court of Virginia because it has original as well as appellate jurisdiction.
Diane Schwerm Sykes is an American jurist and lawyer who serves as the chief judge of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit. She served as a justice of the Wisconsin Supreme Court from 1999 to 2004.
Clinton v. Jones,520 U.S. 681 (1997),was a landmark United States Supreme Court case establishing that a sitting President of the United States has no immunity from civil law litigation,in federal court,for acts done before taking office and unrelated to the office. In particular,there is no temporary immunity and thus no delay of federal cases until the President leaves office.
Diane Pamela Wood is an American attorney who serves as a Senior United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit,and a senior lecturer at the University of Chicago Law School.
Jeffrey Stuart Sutton is an American lawyer and jurist serving as the Chief United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit.
Arkansas Department of Human Services v. Ahlborn,547 U.S. 268 (2006),was a decision by the Supreme Court of the United States involving the ability of a state agency to claim a personal injury settlement as compensation for Medicaid benefits provided for treatment of the injuries. The Court ruled unanimously that a federal statutory prohibition against liens on personal property to recover Medicaid expenditures applied to settlements,so that only the portion of the settlement that represented payment for past medical expenses could be claimed by the state.
Sandra Segal Ikuta is a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit.
The Government of Guam (GovGuam) is a presidential representative democratic system,whereby the president is the head of state and the governor is head of government,and of a multi-party system. Guam is an organized,unincorporated territory of the United States with policy relations between Guam and the US under the jurisdiction of the Office of Insular Affairs.
Josephine Laura Staton is a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Central District of California.
Robert L. Brown served as an associate justice of the Arkansas Supreme Court.
Courtney Rae Hudson is an Associate Justice of the Arkansas Supreme Court. She was elected to the position in 2010.
Same-sex marriage in Arkansas has been legal since the U.S. Supreme Court's landmark decision in Obergefell v. Hodges on June 26,2015,in which the court struck down same-sex marriage bans nationwide. Prior to this,same-sex marriage in Arkansas was briefly legal for a period beginning on May 9,2014,as a result of a ruling by Sixth Judicial Circuit Judge Chris Piazza striking down the state's constitutional and statutory bans on same-sex marriage as violating the U.S. Constitution. Approximately 541 same-sex couples received marriage licenses in several counties before the Arkansas Supreme Court stayed his ruling pending appeal on May 16,2014.
Wright v. Arkansas is a same-sex marriage case pending before the Arkansas Supreme Court. An Arkansas Circuit Court judge ruled the Arkansas Constitution's ban on same-sex marriage unconstitutional on May 9,2014. He clarified his opinion to include state statutes that interfered with allowing or recognizing same-sex marriage as well. The state Supreme Court issued a stay in the case on May 16,2014,but approximately 450 same-sex marriage licenses were issued before the stay went into effect.
Leslie Carol Rutledge is an American attorney and politician from the state of Arkansas,served as the 56th attorney general of Arkansas from 2015 to 2023. She is the 21st lieutenant governor of Arkansas,since 2023. Rutledge is a member of the Republican Party.
The All-Woman Supreme Court refers to a special session of the Supreme Court of Texas which met in 1925. The court consisted of Hortense Sparks Ward,who was appointed special chief justice,Hattie Leah Henenberg,and Ruth Virginia Brazzil. It sat for five months,ruling on the case Johnson v. Darr,and was the first all-female supreme court in the history of the United States.
Rhonda K. Wood is an American lawyer and judge,who is an associate justice of the Arkansas Supreme Court. She previously served as a judge on the Arkansas Court of Appeals from 2013 to 2014,and as a trial court judge for the Arkansas 20th Judicial Circuit from 2007 to 2012.
Melissa Hart is a justice of the Colorado Supreme Court.
References
- ↑ Gunter Bio
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "Childhood encounter with law influenced judge's career". Arkansas Online. 2012-11-11. Retrieved 2019-03-04.
- 1 2 3 Finn, Marie T. (September 2008). The American Bench: Judges of the Nation (2008-2009). Forster-Long, LLC. ISBN 9780931398582.
- 1 2 "Ladies Of The Court: Meet The Three Female Justices Of The Arkansas Supreme Court". Talk Business & Politics. 2013-07-16. Retrieved 2019-03-04.
- 1 2 3 "Josephine Hart". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2019-03-04.
- ↑ "Supreme Court Justice | Arkansas Judiciary". AR Courts. 2016. Retrieved March 27, 2019.
- 1 2 3 "Associate Justice Josephine L. Hart Position 4". Ar Courts. 2016. Retrieved March 27, 2019.