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1+1⁄2 years in prison. He was released on 31 December 1924, [3] 11 days after Hitler's 20 December release. [11] After Hitler left prison, there was an official reformation of the Nazi Party in early 1925. That same year, Hitler ordered the formation of a small new bodyguard unit dedicated to his personal service. It was tasked with providing personal protection for Hitler at party functions and events. Schaub became founding member number seven of the unit, which became known as the Schutzstaffel (SS) and made its first appearance in April. [12]Schaub continued in the capacity as a personal aide and adjutant for Hitler. [13] A friendship developed, which was evident by Hitler later appearing as a witness at Schaub's second wedding. [4] Traudl Junge states that Schaub considered himself to be an "amazingly important, significant person" to the Nazi cause. [4] The Luftwaffe chief Hermann Göring, who gave humorous nicknames to almost all in Hitler's inner circle, dubbed Schaub the Reisemarschal ("Travel Marshal") as he typically took care of Hitler's traveling arrangements and often accompanied him. [14] On automobile trips, Schaub was one of the men who was allowed to travel regularly in Hitler's personal motorcar. [15] [16] He later became Hitler's chief aide and adjutant (Chefadjutant des Führers) in October 1940, replacing Wilhelm Brückner. Martin Bormann, then chief of staff in the office for Deputy Führer Rudolf Hess, was behind Brückner being replaced by Schaub, who was closer to Bormann. [13] [17] Bormann calculated this would led Schaub to support him as he gained power and he also believed Schaub could be manipulated. [18] Part of Schaub's duties was to give day-to-day operational orders to Hitler's personal protection chief, Johann Rattenhuber of the Reichssicherheitsdienst (Reich Security Service; RSD). He was also allowed to use RSD guards for errands and runner services. [19] In 1943, he was promoted to his final rank of SS- Obergruppenführer . [3] As Hitler disliked change in personnel and liked to keep familiar faces around him, Schaub remained in Hitler's staff for over 20 years. [3] [8] Jochen von Lang described Schaub as one of Hitler's "all-purpose companions from way back". [20]
Later during World War II, with Germany suffering major defeat on all fronts, Colonel Claus von Stauffenberg and his fellow conspirators decided to eliminate Hitler and the Nazi leadership, establish a new government and save Germany from total destruction. Stauffenberg had his opportunity on 20 July 1944 at a military briefing at Hitler's East Prussian headquarters known as the Wolf's Lair (Wolfsschanze). [21] He managed to get through security and plant a briefcase bomb under the conference table. The bomb exploded, fatally wounding three officers and a stenographer who died shortly thereafter. Schaub was in another building at the time of the explosion. He rushed over to find Hitler, who survived with only minor injuries, as did other men present, who were shielded from the bomb blast by the conference table leg. [22] [23]
In the aftermath of the event, Hitler had a badge struck to honor all those injured or killed in the explosion; the "20 July Wound Badge". [24] Those present at the conference later said that Schaub falsely tried to claim he was injured so as to qualify for the badge. [25]
In January 1945, Hitler and his staff relocated to the Führerbunker in Berlin. [26] During the Battle of Berlin midday conference of 22 April, Hitler declared –for the first time –that the war was lost. [27] Hitler ordered Schaub to burn all of the documents from his safe in the bunker and two safes in the Reich Chancellery. [28] Schaub performed the task on 22 or 23 April 1945. In the next several days, Hitler ordered much of his personal staff to leave Berlin. Hitler also ordered Schaub to burn the contents of the dictator's personal safes in Munich and at the Berghof on the Obersalzberg. [1] [3] His final act as aide and adjutant was to destroy Hitler's personal train, the Führersonderzug , in Austria. [3]
After the war, while possessing false identification papers and introducing himself as "Josef Huber", Schaub was arrested by American troops on 8 May 1945 in Kitzbühel, and remained in custody until 17 February 1949. [3] Ultimately, Schaub was classified by denazification investigators as being only a "fellow traveler" and was not accused or associated with any war crimes. Schaub died on 27 December 1967 in his hometown, Munich. [1] Traudl Junge described Schaub in her memoirs as "extremely kind, but very curious too". She further notes that "for historical purposes, it's not worth saying much about him". [4]
The Führerbunker was an air raid shelter located near the Reich Chancellery in Berlin, Germany. It was part of a subterranean bunker complex constructed in two phases in 1936 and 1944. It was the last of the Führer Headquarters (Führerhauptquartiere) used by Adolf Hitler during World War II.
Adolf Hitler, chancellor and dictator of Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945, committed suicide via a gunshot to the head on 30 April 1945 in the Führerbunker in Berlin after it became clear that Germany would lose the Battle of Berlin, which led to the end of World War II in Europe. Eva Braun, his wife of one day, also committed suicide by cyanide poisoning. In accordance with Hitler's prior written and verbal instructions, that afternoon their remains were carried up the stairs and through the bunker's emergency exit to the Reich Chancellery garden, where they were doused in petrol and burned. The news of Hitler's death was announced on German radio the next day, 1 May.
Adolf Hitler, chancellor and dictator of Germany from 1933 to 1945, signed his political testament and his private will in the Führerbunker on 29 April 1945, the day before he committed suicide with his wife, Eva Braun.
Ludwig Stumpfegger was a German doctor who served in the SS of Nazi Germany during World War II. He was Adolf Hitler's personal surgeon from 1944 to 1945, and was present in the Führerbunker in Berlin in late April 1945.
Walther Hewel was an early and active member of the Nazi Party who became a German diplomat, an SS-Brigadeführer and one of German dictator Adolf Hitler's personal friends. He served as the liaison officer between Reichsminister for Foreign Affairs Joachim von Ribbentrop and Hitler's headquarters. Present in the Führerbunker during the Battle of Berlin, he committed suicide while attempting to escape the Red Army after the breakout from the bunker.
Otto Günsche was a mid-ranking officer in the Waffen-SS of Nazi Germany during World War II. He was a member of the SS Division Leibstandarte before he became Adolf Hitler's personal adjutant. Günsche was taken prisoner by soldiers of the Red Army in Berlin on 2 May 1945. He was held in various labour camps and prisons by the Soviet Union until 2 May 1956 and provided key testimony regarding Hitler's death.
Wilhelm Brückner was Adolf Hitler's chief adjutant until October 1940. Thereafter, Brückner joined the Heer (army), becoming an Oberst (colonel) by war's end. He died on 18 August 1954 in then West Germany.
Erich Kempka was a member of the SS in Nazi Germany who served as Adolf Hitler's primary chauffeur from 1936 to April 1945. He was present in the area of the Reich Chancellery on 30 April 1945, when Hitler shot himself in the Führerbunker. Kempka delivered petrol to the garden behind the Chancellery, where the remains of Hitler and Eva Braun were burned. After Kempka's capture by United States forces, he served as an eyewitness as to Hitler's demise, albeit his self-admitted unreliability.
Wilhelm Zander was an adjutant to Martin Bormann during World War II. He died in Munich in 1974.
Johanna Wolf was Adolf Hitler's chief secretary. Wolf joined Hitler's personal secretariat in the autumn of 1929 as a typist, at which time she also became a member of the Nazi Party. Wolf served as Hitler's chief secretary until the night of 21–22 April 1945, when she was ordered to fly out of Berlin to safety. She died on 5 June 1985.
Eva Anna Paula Hitler was a German photographer who was the longtime companion and briefly the wife of Adolf Hitler. Braun met Hitler in Munich when she was a 17-year-old assistant and model for his personal photographer, Heinrich Hoffmann. She began seeing Hitler often about two years later.
The Reichssicherheitsdienst was an SS security force of Nazi Germany. Originally bodyguards for Adolf Hitler, it later provided men for the protection of other high-ranking leaders of the Nazi regime. The group, although similar in name, was completely separate from the Sicherheitsdienst (SD), which was the formal intelligence service for the SS, the Nazi Party and later Nazi Germany.
SS-Begleitkommando des Führers, later known as the Führerbegleitkommando, was originally an eight-man SS squad formed from a twelve-man security squad tasked with protecting the life of Adolf Hitler during the early 1930s. Another bodyguard unit, the Reichssicherheitsdienst was formed 1933, and by the following year replaced the FBK in providing Hitler's overall security throughout Germany. The FBK continued under separate command from the RSD and provided close, personal security for Hitler. The two units worked together for Hitler's security and protection, especially during trips and public events, though they operated at such events as separate groups and used separate vehicles. When the FBK unit was expanded, the additional officers and men were selected from the Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler (LSSAH). The majority of these additional men were used by Hitler as guards for his residences while uninhabited and as orderlies, valets, waiters, and couriers.
The sexuality of Adolf Hitler, dictator of Germany from 1933 to 1945, has long been a matter of historical and scholarly debate, as well as speculation and rumour. There is evidence that he had relationships with a number of women during his lifetime, as well as evidence of his antipathy to homosexuality, and no evidence of homosexual encounters. His name has been linked to a number of possible female lovers, two of whom committed suicide. A third died of complications eight years after a suicide attempt, and a fourth also attempted suicide.
Hugo Johannes Blaschke was a German dental surgeon notable for being Adolf Hitler's personal dentist from 1933 to April 1945 and for being the chief dentist on the staff of Reichsführer-SS Heinrich Himmler.
Emilie Christine Schroeder, also known as Christa Schroeder was one of Adolf Hitler's personal secretaries before and during World War II.
Ewald Lindloff was a Waffen-SS officer during World War II, who was present in the Führerbunker on 30 April 1945, when Hitler committed suicide. He was placed in charge of disposing of Hitler's remains. Lindloff was later killed during the break-out on 2 May 1945 while crossing the Weidendammer Bridge under heavy fire in Berlin.
Albert Bormann was a German National Socialist Motor Corps (NSKK) officer, who rose to the rank of Gruppenführer (Generalleutnant) during World War II. Bormann served as an adjutant to Adolf Hitler, and was the younger brother of Martin Bormann.
Adolf Hitler, dictator of Germany from 1933 to 1945, initiated World War II in Europe with the invasion of Poland in September 1939 and was central to the Holocaust. He was hated by his persecuted enemies and even by some of his own countrymen. Although attempts were made to assassinate him, none were successful. Hitler had numerous bodyguard units over the years which provided security.
Julius Schaub | |
---|---|
Aide and Adjutant to Adolf Hitler | |
In office 1 January 1925 –30 April 1945 | |
Leader | Adolf Hitler |
Preceded by | Office established |
Succeeded by | Office abolished |
Personal details | |
Born | Julius Schaub 20 August 1898 Munich,Kingdom of Bavaria,German Empire |
Died | 27 December 1967 69) Munich,Bavaria,West Germany | (aged
Political party | NSDAP |
Military service | |
Allegiance | German Empire Nazi Germany |
Branch/service | Heer Schutzstaffel |
Years of service | 1917–1918 1925–1945 |
Rank | SS-Obergruppenführer |
Unit | Führerbegleitkommando |
Battles/wars | World War I World War II |
Julius Schaub (20 August 1898 –27 December 1967) was an aide and adjutant to German dictator Adolf Hitler from the 1920s until the dictator's suicide on 30 April 1945.
Born in 1898 in Munich,Bavaria,Schaub served as a field medic during World War I,during which he injured both of his feet. During the hard times which followed the war,Schaub joined the Nazi Party. After losing his job because of his membership,Hitler hired him as his personal aide,a position he held for over 20 years.
Schaub took care of Hitler's personal belongings,papers and travel journeys,making him a trusted figure in Hitler's inner circle. In 1924,he was imprisoned with Hitler for his involvement in the coup d'état attempt of November 1923 in Munich. In time he closely befriended Hitler. He was promoted to the position of chief aide and adjutant to Hitler in October 1940. Later in July 1944,Schaub was not present during the military briefing in a Wolfsschanze barrack in which a bomb exploded in an attempt on Hitler's life,killing four people and injuring twenty others. Schaub was in another building in the complex.
Schaub was ordered to leave the Führerbunker in late April 1945 and destroy all of Hitler's personal belongings and papers. He was arrested by the Americans on 8 May 1945. Schaub died on 27 December 1967 in Munich.
Julius Schaub was born on 20 August 1898 in Munich,a largely Catholic city in southern Bavaria. [1] On 28 June 1914,Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria and his wife were assassinated by a group of Serbian and Bosnian rebels. This triggered the outbreak of World War I in Europe. [2] On 17 January 1917,Schaub was drafted to serve as a field medic in the German Army. [3] According to Traudl Junge,one of Hitler's private secretaries,both of Schaub's feet had been injured in the war,making him semi-handicapped. [4] By the end of the war,Schaub found work as a contract worker at the Munich Central Supply Office. [3]
After defeat in World War I,Germany was plunged into bankruptcy,social injustice,poverty,crime and mass unemployment. [5] During the Great Depression,Germany saw the creation of a number of extremist political and paramilitary associations,representing both the far-left and the far-right. [6] Amidst this crisis,Schaub decided to join the National Socialist German Workers’Party,later commonly known as the Nazi Party,and became member number 81. [1] The political program of the party was essentially a rejection of the terms of the Treaty of Versailles and an embrace of antisemitism and anti-Bolshevism,driven by Adolf Hitler and his world view. [7]
After getting involved with the Nazi Party,Schaub lost his job at the Munich Central Supply Office. Upon hearing the news,Hitler hired him as his personal aide-de-camp. [1] Thereafter,Schaub looked after confidential papers,carried money for Hitler's use and provided both secretary and security duties. [8] He was part of Hitler's small circle of trusted bodyguards. [9]
In 1923,the Nazis felt strong enough to try to seize power in Munich. They decided to march on the city,inspired by Benito Mussolini's successful march on Rome. Known as the Beer Hall Putsch,the coup attempt by Hitler and his paramilitary Sturmabteilung (SA) troops failed to take control of Munich. [10] In the aftermath,Schaub and other Nazis were arrested and incarcerated with Hitler at Landsberg Prison. [1] Schaub was sentenced to
Final occupants of the Führerbunker by date of departure (1945) | |
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20 April | |
21 April | |
22 April | |
23 April | |
24 April | |
28 April | |
29 April | |
30 April | |
1 May |
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2 May | |
Still present on 2 May | |
Committed suicide |
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Killed |
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Unknown |