KMO (gene)

KMO
Identifiers
Aliases	KMO , dJ317G22.1, kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (kynurenine 3-hydroxylase), kynurenine 3-monooxygenase
External IDs	OMIM: 603538; MGI: 2138151; HomoloGene: 2729; GeneCards: KMO; OMA:KMO - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 1 (human) [1] Band 1q43 Start 241,532,134 bp [1] End 241,595,642 bp [1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 1 (mouse) [2] Band 1|1 H3 Start 175,447,947 bp [2] End 175,489,682 bp [2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in right lobe of liver palpebral conjunctiva kidney tubule testicle glomerulus metanephric glomerulus placenta monocyte human kidney granulocyte Top expressed in left lobe of liver right kidney human kidney proximal tubule spleen mesenteric lymph nodes blood yolk sac lumbar subsegment of spinal cord bone marrow More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function NAD(P)H oxidase H2O2-forming activity monooxygenase activity oxidoreductase activity kynurenine 3-monooxygenase activity flavin adenine dinucleotide binding FAD binding Cellular component integral component of membrane cytosol membrane mitochondrial outer membrane mitochondrion mitochondrial membranes extracellular space Biological process pyridine nucleotide biosynthetic process NAD biosynthetic process response to salt stress secondary metabolite biosynthetic process quinolinate biosynthetic process tryptophan catabolic process response to lipopolysaccharide cellular response to interleukin-1 L-kynurenine metabolic process positive regulation of neuron death positive regulation of glutamate secretion, neurotransmission NAD metabolic process kynurenine metabolic process 'de novo' NAD biosynthetic process from tryptophan anthranilate metabolic process ageing positive regulation of glutamate secretion kynurenic acid biosynthetic process cellular response to lipopolysaccharide Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 8564 98256 Ensembl ENSG00000117009 ENSMUSG00000039783 UniProt O15229 Q91WN4 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_003679 NM_133809 RefSeq (protein) NP_003670 NP_598570 Location (UCSC) Chr 1: 241.53 – 241.6 Mb Chr 1: 175.45 – 175.49 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Kynurenine 3-monooxygenase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the KMO gene. ^{[5] [6]}

Kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO; EC 1.14.13.9) is an NADPH-dependent flavin monooxygenase that catalyzes the hydroxylation of the L-tryptophan metabolite L-kynurenine to form L-3-hydroxykynurenine.[supplied by OMIM] ^[6] This is the first step in the degradation of Kyneurinine to Quinolinic acid. This pathway is involved in the activation of cytokine mediated changes in behavior due to inflammatory stimuli such as infections. ^[7] The KMO gene is upregulated in the lung parenchyma of smokers. ^[8]

References

1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000117009 – Ensembl, May 2017
2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000039783 – Ensembl, May 2017
3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
5. Alberati-Giani D, Cesura AM, Broger C, Warren WD, Rover S, Malherbe P (Sep 1997). "Cloning and functional expression of human kynurenine 3-monooxygenase". FEBS Lett. 410 (2–3): 407–12. doi: 10.1016/S0014-5793(97)00627-3 . PMID   9237672. S2CID   26490151.
6. "Entrez Gene: KMO kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (kynurenine 3-hydroxylase)".
7. Dantzer R, O'Connor JC, Lawson MA, Kelley KW (2011), "Inflammation-associated Depression: From Serotonin to Kyneurenine", Psychoneuroendocrinology, 36 (3): 426–36, doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2010.09.012, PMC   3053088 , PMID   21041030
8. Pintarelli G, Noci S, Maspero D, Pettinicchio A, Dugo M, De Cecco L, Incarbone M, Tosi D, Santambrogio L, Dragani TA, Colombo F (September 2019). "Cigarette smoke alters the transcriptome of non-involved lung tissue in lung adenocarcinoma patients". Scientific Reports. 9 (1): 13039. Bibcode:2019NatSR...913039P. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-49648-2. PMC   6736939 . PMID   31506599.

Further reading

• Stone TW, Darlington LG (2002). "Endogenous kynurenines as targets for drug discovery and development". Nature Reviews. Drug Discovery. 1 (8): 609–20. doi:10.1038/nrd870. PMID   12402501. S2CID   19203349.
• Aoyama N, Takahashi N, Saito S, et al. (2006). "Association study between kynurenine 3-monooxygenase gene and schizophrenia in the Japanese population". Genes, Brain and Behavior . 5 (4): 364–8. doi: 10.1111/j.1601-183X.2006.00231.x . PMID   16716206.
• Gregory SG, Barlow KF, McLay KE, et al. (2006). "The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1". Nature. 441 (7091): 315–21. Bibcode:2006Natur.441..315G. doi: 10.1038/nature04727 . PMID   16710414.
• Ligam P, Manuelpillai U, Wallace EM, Walker D (2005). "Localisation of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and kynurenine hydroxylase in the human placenta and decidua: implications for role of the kynurenine pathway in pregnancy". Placenta. 26 (6): 498–504. doi:10.1016/j.placenta.2004.08.009. PMID   15950064.
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9916899M. doi: 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . PMC   139241 . PMID   12477932.
• Halford S, Freedman MS, Bellingham J, et al. (2001). "Characterization of a novel human opsin gene with wide tissue expression and identification of embedded and flanking genes on chromosome 1q43". Genomics. 72 (2): 203–8. doi:10.1006/geno.2001.6469. PMID   11401433.
• Breton J, Avanzi N, Magagnin S, et al. (2000). "Functional characterization and mechanism of action of recombinant human kynurenine 3-hydroxylase". Eur. J. Biochem. 267 (4): 1092–9. doi: 10.1046/j.1432-1327.2000.01104.x . PMID   10672018.