In genetics, the phenotype is the set of observable characteristics or traits of an organism. The term covers the organism's morphology, its developmental processes, its biochemical and physiological properties, its behavior, and the products of behavior. An organism's phenotype results from two basic factors: the expression of an organism's genetic code and the influence of environmental factors. Both factors may interact, further affecting the phenotype. When two or more clearly different phenotypes exist in the same population of a species, the species is called polymorphic. A well-documented example of polymorphism is Labrador Retriever coloring; while the coat color depends on many genes, it is clearly seen in the environment as yellow, black, and brown. Richard Dawkins in 1978 and then again in his 1982 book The Extended Phenotype suggested that one can regard bird nests and other built structures such as caddisfly larva cases and beaver dams as "extended phenotypes".
Neuroinformatics is the field that combines informatics and neuroscience. Neuroinformatics is related with neuroscience data and information processing by artificial neural networks. There are three main directions where neuroinformatics has to be applied:
Growth Associated Protein 43 (GAP43) is a protein encoded by the GAP43 gene in humans.
The FEBS Journal is a biweekly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by John Wiley & Sons on behalf of the Federation of European Biochemical Societies. It covers research on all aspects of biochemistry, molecular biology, cell biology, and the molecular bases of disease. The editor-in-chief is Seamus Martin, who took over from Richard Perham in 2014.
Nuclear receptor TLX also known as NR2E1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NR2E1 gene. TLX is a member of the nuclear receptor family of intracellular transcription factors.
The International Behavioural and Neural Genetics Society (IBANGS) is a learned society that was founded in 1996. The goal of IBANGS is "promote and facilitate the growth of research in the field of neural behavioral genetics".
Neurogenetics studies the role of genetics in the development and function of the nervous system. It considers neural characteristics as phenotypes, and is mainly based on the observation that the nervous systems of individuals, even of those belonging to the same species, may not be identical. As the name implies, it draws aspects from both the studies of neuroscience and genetics, focusing in particular how the genetic code an organism carries affects its expressed traits. Mutations in this genetic sequence can have a wide range of effects on the quality of life of the individual. Neurological diseases, behavior and personality are all studied in the context of neurogenetics. The field of neurogenetics emerged in the mid to late 20th century with advances closely following advancements made in available technology. Currently, neurogenetics is the center of much research utilizing cutting edge techniques.
Behavioral and Brain Functions is a peer-reviewed open access scientific journal published by BioMed Central. It publishes articles on "all aspects of neurobiology where the unifying theme is behavior or behavioral dysfunction". It was established in 2005 with Terje Sagvolden as founding editor-in-chief, who was succeeded by Vivienne A. Russell. The current editor-in-chief is Wim Crusio.
The Journal of Neurogenetics is a quarterly peer-reviewed scientific journal that covers all aspects of neurogenetics. It is published by Taylor & Francis and the editor-in-chief is Chun-Fang Wu.
The European Journal of Neuroscience is a biweekly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering all aspects of neuroscience. It was established in 1989 with Ray Guillery as the founding editor-in-chief. The current editor-in-chief is John J. Foxe The journal is published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the Federation of European Neuroscience Societies. Authors can elect to have accepted articles published as open access. The journal adopted transparent peer-review in January 2017.
Neuroscience is a peer-reviewed scientific journal of neuroscience. It was established in 1976 with P.G. Kostyuk, Rodolfo Llinás, and A.D. Smith as founding editors-in-chief and originally published by Pergamon Press. The current editor-in-chief is Juan Lerma Gómez. The journal is published by Elsevier on behalf of the International Brain Research Organization (IBRO).
Clinical Genetics is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering medical genetics. It was established in 1970 and is published by Wiley-Blackwell. The editor-in-chief is Reiner A. Veitia.
Traffic is a monthly, peer-reviewed, scientific journal, which was established in 2000, and is published by Wiley-Blackwell. The online version is at the Wiley Online Library. This journal is co-edited by Eric Chevet, Antonella De Matteis, Eeva-Liisa Eskelinen, and Hesso Farhan. The journal covers all aspects of signal transduction in health and disease, for both mammalian and non-mammalian biological systems.
Wim E. Crusio is a Dutch behavioral neurogeneticist and a directeur de recherche with the French National Centre for Scientific Research in Talence, France.
Jacqueline N. Crawley is an American behavioral neuroscientist and an expert on rodent behavioral analysis. Since July 2012, she is the Robert E. Chason Chair in Translational Research in the MIND Institute and professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences at the University of California, Davis School of Medicine in Sacramento. Previously, from 1983–2012, she was chief of the Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience in the intramural program of the National Institute of Mental Health. Her translational research program focuses on testing hypotheses about the genetic causes of autism spectrum disorders and discovering treatments for the diagnostic symptoms of autism, using mouse models. She has published more than 275 peer-reviewed articles in scientific journals and 110 review articles and book chapters. According to Scopus, her works have been cited over 36,000 times, giving her an h-index of 99. She has co-edited 4 books and is the author of What's Wrong With my Mouse? Behavioral Phenotyping of Transgenic and Knockout Mice, which was very well received.
The Journal of Neuroscience Research is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering all aspects of neuroscience. It was established in 1975 and is published by Wiley-Liss. The editors-in-chief are Cristina A. Ghiani and J. Paula Warrington. The journal publishes full-length papers, reviews, mini-reviews, and commentaries.
Justin S. Rhodes is an American neuroscientist and a professor in the Department of Psychology at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. He is affiliated with the Neuroscience Program, Program of Ecology, Evolution, & Conservation Biology, the Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, and the Neurotech group at Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology. After receiving a Bachelor of Science in biology at Stanford University, Rhodes obtained a PhD in zoology in 2002 from University of Wisconsin–Madison, under the supervision of Theodore Garland, Jr. After completing a postdoctoral fellowship at Oregon Health & Science University, he held a position as an instructor at Lewis & Clark College for a year before accepting a full-time faculty position in 2005 in the biological division of the Department of Psychology at the University of Illinois. His lab investigates a broad array of topics in the field of neuroscience with particular emphasis in exercise-induced hippocampal neurogenesis, neural circuitry involved in addictive behaviors, and brain plasticity in clownfish.
Developmental Neurobiology is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering all aspects of neural development. It was established in 1969 as Journal of Neurobiology, covering all of neuroscience, but when the scope become more specialized, it obtained its current name in 2007. The journal is published by Wiley-Blackwell. The editor-in-chief is Bin Chen and the associate editors are Song-Hai Shi and Andreas Prokop.
Douglas Leon Wahlsten is a Canadian neuroscientist, psychologist, and behavior geneticist. He is a professor emeritus of psychology at the University of Alberta. As of 2011, he was also a visiting professor at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro in North Carolina, United States. He is known for his laboratory research on the behavior of mice, and for his theoretical writings on a wide range of other topics. His laboratory research has included studies of the effects of different laboratory environments and experimenter characteristics on the results of mouse studies. He and his colleagues have also developed an altered form of the rotarod performance test involving wrapping sandpaper around the rod, to reduce the ability of mice to grip the rod and ride around on it. He has criticized some of his fellow behavior geneticists for trying to separate the effects of genes and the environment on human intelligence, an endeavor he considers futile. He also met and became friends with Leilani Muir, later helping to edit her autobiography, A Whisper Past. He was the president of the International Behavioural and Neural Genetics Society from 2000 to 2001.
Artificial Organs is a monthly peer-reviewed biomedical journal that covers organ replacement technology published by Wiley. It was established in 1977 by Yukihiko Nosé and Paul S. Malchesky, and was originally edited by Willem J. Kolff. The current editor-in-chief is Vakhtang Tchantchaleishvili.
