Science Citation Index Expanded

Last updated
Science Citation Index Expanded
Producer Clarivate (Canada and Hong Kong)
History1964;60 years ago (1964)
Coverage
DisciplinesScience, medicine, and technology
Print edition
ISSN 0036-827X
Links
Website mjl.clarivate.com/cgi-bin/jrnlst/jloptions.cgi?PC=K

The Science Citation Index Expanded (previously titled Science Citation Index) is a citation index originally produced by the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) and created by Eugene Garfield.

Contents

The Science Citation Index (SCI) was officially launched in 1964, [1] and later was distributed via CD/DVD. [2] Then in 1997, Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) superseded SCI, and becomes available online. SCIE is now owned by Clarivate (previously the Intellectual Property and Science business of Thomson Reuters). [3] [4] [5] [6] [7]

The indexing database covers more than 9,200 notable and significant journals, across 178 disciplines, from 1900 to the present. These are alternatively described as the world's leading journals of science and technology, because of a rigorous selection process. [8] [9] [10]

Accessibility

The index is available online within Web of Science, [11] [12] as part of its Core Collection (there are also CD and printed editions, covering a smaller number of journals). [13] The database allows researchers to search through over 53 million records from thousands of academic journals that were published by publishers from around the world.

Specialty citation indexes

Clarivate previously marketed several subsets of this database, termed "Specialty Citation Indexes", [14] such as the Neuroscience Citation Index [15] and the Chemistry Citation Index, [16] however these databases are no longer actively maintained.

The Chemistry Citation Index was first introduced by Eugene Garfield, a chemist by training. His original "search examples were based on [his] experience as a chemist". [17] In 1992, an electronic and print form of the index was derived from a core of 330 chemistry journals, within which all areas were covered. Additional information was provided from articles selected from 4,000 other journals. All chemistry subdisciplines were covered: organic, inorganic, analytical, physical chemistry, polymer, computational, organometallic, materials chemistry, and electrochemistry. [17] By 2002, the core journal coverage increased to 500 and related article coverage increased to 8,000 other journals. [18] One 1980 study reported the overall citation indexing benefits for chemistry, examining the use of citations as a tool for the study of the sociology of chemistry and illustrating the use of citation data to "observe" chemistry subfields over time. [19]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Citation index</span> Index of citations between publications

A citation index is a kind of bibliographic index, an index of citations between publications, allowing the user to easily establish which later documents cite which earlier documents. A form of citation index is first found in 12th-century Hebrew religious literature. Legal citation indexes are found in the 18th century and were made popular by citators such as Shepard's Citations (1873). In 1961, Eugene Garfield's Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) introduced the first citation index for papers published in academic journals, first the Science Citation Index (SCI), and later the Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) and the Arts and Humanities Citation Index (AHCI). American Chemical Society converted its printed Chemical Abstract Service into internet-accessible SciFinder in 2008. The first automated citation indexing was done by CiteSeer in 1997 and was patented. Other sources for such data include Google Scholar, Microsoft Academic, Elsevier's Scopus, and the National Institutes of Health's iCite.

The Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) was an academic publishing service, founded by Eugene Garfield in Philadelphia in 1956. ISI offered scientometric and bibliographic database services. Its specialty was citation indexing and analysis, a field pioneered by Garfield.

The impact factor (IF) or journal impact factor (JIF) of an academic journal is a scientometric index calculated by Clarivate that reflects the yearly mean number of citations of articles published in the last two years in a given journal, as indexed by Clarivate's Web of Science.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bibliometrics</span> Statistical analysis of written publications

Bibliometrics is the application of statistical methods to the study of bibliographic data, especially in scientific and library and information science contexts, and is closely associated with scientometrics to the point that both fields largely overlap.

Scientometrics is a subfield of informetrics that studies quantitative aspects of scholarly literature. Major research issues include the measurement of the impact of research papers and academic journals, the understanding of scientific citations, and the use of such measurements in policy and management contexts. In practice there is a significant overlap between scientometrics and other scientific fields such as information systems, information science, science of science policy, sociology of science, and metascience. Critics have argued that overreliance on scientometrics has created a system of perverse incentives, producing a publish or perish environment that leads to low-quality research.

Citation analysis is the examination of the frequency, patterns, and graphs of citations in documents. It uses the directed graph of citations — links from one document to another document — to reveal properties of the documents. A typical aim would be to identify the most important documents in a collection. A classic example is that of the citations between academic articles and books. For another example, judges of law support their judgements by referring back to judgements made in earlier cases. An additional example is provided by patents which contain prior art, citation of earlier patents relevant to the current claim. The digitization of patent data and increasing computing power have led to a community of practice that uses these citation data to measure innovation attributes, trace knowledge flows, and map innovation networks.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eugene Garfield</span> American linguist and businessman (1925–2017)

Eugene Eli Garfield was an American linguist and businessman, one of the founders of bibliometrics and scientometrics. He helped to create Current Contents, Science Citation Index (SCI), Journal Citation Reports, and Index Chemicus, among others, and founded the magazine The Scientist.

The Arts and Humanities Citation Index (AHCI), also known as Arts and Humanities Search, is a citation index, with abstracting and indexing for more than 1,700 arts and humanities academic journals, and coverage of disciplines that includes social and natural science journals. Part of this database is derived from Current Contents.

Citation impact or citation rate is a measure of how many times an academic journal article or book or author is cited by other articles, books or authors. Citation counts are interpreted as measures of the impact or influence of academic work and have given rise to the field of bibliometrics or scientometrics, specializing in the study of patterns of academic impact through citation analysis. The importance of journals can be measured by the average citation rate, the ratio of number of citations to number articles published within a given time period and in a given index, such as the journal impact factor or the citescore. It is used by academic institutions in decisions about academic tenure, promotion and hiring, and hence also used by authors in deciding which journal to publish in. Citation-like measures are also used in other fields that do ranking, such as Google's PageRank algorithm, software metrics, college and university rankings, and business performance indicators.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Social Sciences Citation Index</span> Citation index product of Clarivate Analytics

The Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) is a commercial citation index product of Clarivate Analytics. It was originally developed by the Institute for Scientific Information from the Science Citation Index. The Social Sciences Citation Index is a multidisciplinary index which indexes over 3,400 journals across 58 social science disciplines – 1985 to present, and it has 122 million cited references – 1900 to present. It also includes a range of 3,500 selected items from some of the world's finest scientific and technical journals. It has a range of useful search functions such as 'cited reference searching', searching by author, subject, or title. Whilst the Social Sciences Citation Index provides extensive support in bibliographic analytics and research, a number of academic scholars have expressed criticisms relating to ideological bias and its English-dominant publishing nature.

Journal Citation Reports (JCR) is an annual publication by Clarivate. It has been integrated with the Web of Science and is accessed from the Web of Science Core Collection. It provides information about academic journals in the natural and social sciences, including impact factors. JCR was originally published as a part of the Science Citation Index. Currently, the JCR, as a distinct service, is based on citations compiled from the Science Citation Index Expanded and the Social Sciences Citation Index. As of the 2023 edition, journals from the Arts and Humanities Citation Index and the Emerging Sources Citation Index have also been included.

<i>Journal of Raman Spectroscopy</i> Academic journal

The Journal of Raman Spectroscopy is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering all aspects of Raman spectroscopy, including Higher Order Processes, and Brillouin and Rayleigh scattering. It was established in 1973 and is published by John Wiley & Sons. The editor-in-chief is Laurence A. Nafie.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Web of Science</span> Online subscription index of citations

The Web of Science is a paid-access platform that provides access to multiple databases that provide reference and citation data from academic journals, conference proceedings, and other documents in various academic disciplines.

ResearcherID is an identifying system for scientific authors. The system was introduced in January 2008 by Thomson Reuters Corporation.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the American Chemical Society. The editor-in-chief is Gregory D. Scholes at Princeton University. The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters covers research on all aspects of physical chemistry. George C. Schatz was editor-in-chief from 2010 to 2019.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">BIOSIS Previews</span> Bibliographic database for life sciences

BIOSIS Previews is an English-language, bibliographic database service, with abstracts and citation indexing. It is part of Clarivate Analytics Web of Science suite. BIOSIS Previews indexes data from 1926 to the present.

A paper with delayed recognition is a publication that received very little attention shortly after publication, but later receives a dramatic increase in citations. For example, an 1884 article by Charles Sanders Peirce was rarely cited until about the year 2000, but has since garnered many citations.

The Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI) is a citation index produced since 2015 by Thomson Reuters and now by Clarivate. According to the publisher, the index includes "peer-reviewed publications of regional importance and in emerging scientific fields".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Clarivate</span> American analytics company

Clarivate Plc is a British-American publicly traded analytics company that operates a collection of subscription-based services, in the areas of bibliometrics and scientometrics; business / market intelligence, and competitive profiling for pharmacy and biotech, patents, and regulatory compliance; trademark protection, and domain and brand protection. In the academy and the scientific community, Clarivate is known for being the company that calculates the impact factor, using data from its Web of Science product family, that also includes services/applications such as Publons, EndNote, EndNote Click, and ScholarOne. Its other product families are Cortellis, DRG, CPA Global, Derwent, CompuMark, and Darts-ip, and also the various ProQuest products and services.

References

  1. ↑ "Difference Between SCI Journals And SCIE Indexed Journals". 8 September 2023. Retrieved 4 April 2024.
  2. ↑ "SCI VS SCIE". 18 Aug 2020. Retrieved 4 April 2024.
  3. ↑ Garfield, E. (1955). "Citation Indexes for Science: A New Dimension in Documentation through Association of Ideas". Science . 122 (3159): 108–11. Bibcode:1955Sci...122..108G. doi:10.1126/science.122.3159.108. PMID   14385826.
  4. ↑ Garfield, Eugene (2011). "The evolution of the Science Citation Index" (PDF). International Microbiology . 10 (1): 65–9. doi:10.2436/20.1501.01.10. PMID   17407063.
  5. ↑ Garfield, Eugene (1963). "Science Citation Index" (PDF). University of Pennsylvania Garfield Library. pp. v–xvi. Retrieved 2013-05-27.
  6. ↑ "History of Citation Indexing". Clarivate Analytics. November 2010. Retrieved 2010-11-04.
  7. ↑ "SCIE". Web of Science Group. Retrieved 2022-01-26.
  8. ↑ "Science Citation Index Expanded" . Retrieved 2017-01-17.
  9. ↑ Ma, Jiupeng; Fu, Hui-Zhen; Ho, Yuh-Shan (December 2012). "The Top-cited Wetland Articles in Science Citation Index Expanded: characteristics and hotspots". Environmental Earth Sciences . 70 (3): 1039. Bibcode:2009EnGeo..56.1247D. doi:10.1007/s12665-012-2193-y. S2CID   18502338.
  10. ↑ Ho, Yuh-Shan (2012). "The top-cited research works in the Science Citation Index Expanded" (PDF). Scientometrics . 94 (3): 1297. doi:10.1007/s11192-012-0837-z. S2CID   1301373.
  11. ↑ "Available databases A to Z". Thomson Reuters. 2010. Retrieved 2010-06-24.
  12. ↑ Thomson Reuters Web of Knowledge. Thomson Reuters, 2013.
  13. ↑ "Trusted publisher-independent citation database". Web of Science Group. Retrieved 2022-01-26.
  14. ↑ "Specialty Citation Indexes". Archived from the original on 2010-01-04. Retrieved 2009-08-30.
  15. ↑ "Journal Search – Science" . Retrieved 2009-08-30.
  16. ↑ "Journal Search – Science – Thomson Reuters" . Retrieved 14 January 2011.
  17. 1 2 Garfield, Eugene (1992). "New Chemistry Citation Index On CD-ROM Comes With Abstracts, Related Records, and Key-Words-Plus" (PDF). Current Contents . 3: 5–9.
  18. ↑ Chemistry Citation Index. Institute of Process Engineering of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. 2003.
  19. ↑ Dewitt, T. W.; Nicholson, R. S.; Wilson, M. K. (1980). "Science citation index and chemistry". Scientometrics . 2 (4): 265. doi:10.1007/BF02016348. S2CID   8382186.

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