KQL was a radio station, located in Los Angeles, California, that was licensed to Arno A. Kluge from October 13, 1921 to June 9, 1922. This was the first broadcasting station licensed in the state of California, [2] and one of the first in the United States. However, the station was short-lived, because Kluge died just 21⁄2 months after it was authorized.
KQL was first licensed as a broadcasting station to Arno A. Kluge on October 13, 1921, [3] at 1045 South Bixel Street in Los Angeles. At this time Kluge was well established as a radio experimenter and equipment retailer. During World War One he had served as a Signal Corps instructor at the University of Nebraska, which gave him experience with the recently developed vacuum tube transmitters that made audio transmissions practical. However, an earlier electrical accident resulted in a progressive deterioration of his spine. [4] After the war he moved to Los Angeles, now largely confined to a chair and housebound due to paralysis of his legs. [5]
In 1920, he was issued a standard amateur radio station license, with the call sign 6DF, [6] in addition to an Experimental station license, 6XN, that was jointly held with A. H. McClelland and J. B. Farrington. [7] Kluge was credited with being the second in the southern California region to transmit audio radio programs, initially over 6XN. [8] In the fall of 1921, he applied for an Experimental radio license in his own name. His application also requested authorization to broadcast "radio telephone concerts and data on a wavelength of 360 meters". Because these were separate functions, Arno was issued two different licenses: an Experimental license with the call sign 6XAO, [9] plus a Limited Commercial authorization on October 13, 1921, with the randomly assigned call sign of KQL, for broadcasting on 360 meters (833 kHz). [10] (The license for 6XAO was deleted a couple of months later.) [11]
There were no formal standards in the United States regarding radio transmissions intended for the general public until December 1, 1921, when the Department of Commerce, which regulated radio at this time, adopted a regulation creating a broadcasting station category. These stations were required to hold a Limited Commercial license authorizing operation on 360 or 485 meters. [13] KQL was among a small number of stations that already met this standard at the time of its adoption, and was the only one located west of the Mississippi River. However, Kluge's health was deteriorating [4] and KQL's fledgling broadcasting activities came to an abrupt end with his death, at the age of 23, on December 31, 1921. [5]
Although now inactive, KQL continued to appear on broadcasting station lists until its license was canceled on June 9, 1922, [14] with 6XN deleted the same month. [15] Today, KWG in Stockton is the oldest surviving radio station in California.
KNX is a commercial AM radio station in Los Angeles, California. It simulcasts an all-news radio format with sister station 97.1 KNX-FM, both owned by Audacy, Inc. KNX is one of the oldest stations in the United States, having received its first broadcasting license, as KGC, in December 1921, in addition to tracing its history to the September 1920 operations of an earlier amateur station. The studios and offices—shared with KNX-FM, KCBS-FM, KROQ-FM, KRTH and KTWV—are located on Wilshire Boulevard, along Los Angeles' Miracle Mile.
KXLY is a commercial AM radio station in Spokane, Washington. It broadcasts a news/talk radio format with the branding "920 News Now". The station is owned by QueenB Radio, with its license held by Morgan Murphy Media, and its studios and offices are on West Boone Avenue in Spokane.
WILL is a public broadcasting station owned by the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign and licensed to Urbana, Illinois, United States. It is operated by Illinois Public Media, with studios located at Campbell Hall for Public Telecommunication on the university campus.
WRUC is an independent educational college radio station, owned and operated by Union College in Schenectady, New York. The station transmits with an effective radiated power of 100 watts, providing coverage over an approximate 15-mile radius. WRUC also streams its programming on Internet radio. The station's offices and studios are located in the Reamer Campus Center on the Union College campus.
KWG is a radio station licensed to Relevant Radio, Inc. in Stockton, California. It carries that company's Catholic talk radio programming.
KWSU is a non-commercial AM radio station licensed to Pullman, Washington. It is owned by Washington State University, and is the flagship station of Northwest Public Broadcasting's National Public Radio News network. It airs a news and talk radio format, using programming from NPR, American Public Media and Public Radio International, as well as locally produced offerings. It airs periodic fundraisers and seeks donations on its website.
KFXD is a commercial radio station, owned by Townsquare Media, which airs a rhythmic contemporary format branded as "Power 105.5". The station is licensed to serve Boise, Idaho.
KZY was a radio station located in Oakland, California, that was licensed to the Atlantic-Pacific Radio Supplies Company from December 9, 1921, until its deletion on January 24, 1923. It, and the Preston D. Allen station, KZM, were the first broadcasting stations licensed to Oakland.
WQB was a radio station, located in Hartford, Connecticut, that was licensed to the C. D. Tuska Company from August 22, 1921 to June 24, 1922. Although it was never formally classified as being a broadcasting station by the United States government, it was one of the first stations in the U.S. to make regular broadcasts intended for the general public, and many contemporary publications included it in their broadcasting station reviews.
WMH was an AM radio station in Cincinnati, Ohio, which was licensed to the Precision Equipment Company from December 30, 1921, to December 11, 1923, although it ceased broadcasting in early January 1923. It was one of the first formally authorized broadcasting stations in the United States, and also the first licensed in the state of Ohio.
WDT was a short-lived AM broadcasting station licensed to the Ship Owners Radio Service in New York City, which was issued its first license in December 1921, and deleted two years later.
WDW was a very short-lived AM broadcasting station, licensed to the Radio Construction & Electric Co. in Washington, D.C., which was issued an initial license in December 1921, and deleted a few months later.
KOG was a short-lived AM broadcasting station, licensed to the Western Radio Electric Company in Los Angeles, California. It was issued its first license, as KZC, in December 1921, changed its callsign to KOG a few weeks later, and was deleted less than a year and one half after its start.
KYJ was a short-lived Los Angeles radio station, located atop Hamburger's department store and licensed to the Leo J. Meyberg Company. It was issued its first license in December 1921 and deleted 11⁄2 years later.
KDN was a short-lived San Francisco radio station, licensed to the Leo J. Meyberg Company and located at the Fairmont Hotel. It was issued its first license in December 1921 and deleted a year and one half later.
KZM was an early radio broadcasting station, initially licensed to Preston D. Allen in Oakland, California. It was issued its first license in December 1921, moved to nearby Hayward, California in 1928, and was deleted in mid-1931.
KYY was a short-lived San Francisco, California broadcasting station, licensed to The Radio Telephone Shop. It was issued its first license in December 1921, and deleted just over a year later.
KJJ was a short-lived radio station, licensed to The Radio Shop in Sunnyvale, California. It was issued its first license in December 1921 and deleted a year and one half later.
KJQ was a short-lived Stockton, California broadcasting station, licensed to Clarence O. Gould. It was issued its first license in December 1921, and deleted three and one-half years later.
WWT was a radio broadcasting station in Buffalo, New York, licensed to McCarthy Brothers & Ford from March 25, 1922 until its deletion on October 2, 1922.