KREMEN1

KREMEN1
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	5FWS, 5FWT, 5FWV
Identifiers
Aliases	KREMEN1 , KREMEN, KRM1, kringle containing transmembrane protein 1, ECTD13
External IDs	OMIM: 609898 MGI: 1933988 HomoloGene: 12935 GeneCards: KREMEN1
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 22 (human)
End	29,168,333 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 11 (mouse)
End	5,211,558 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	parotid gland; ; vena cava; ; tibialis anterior muscle; ; body of tongue; ; quadriceps femoris muscle; ; skin of abdomen; ; vastus lateralis muscle; ; pons; ; cardia; ; deltoid muscle;
	Top expressed in
	interventricular septum; ; lip; ; thymus; ; soleus muscle; ; ascending aorta; ; aortic valve; ; esophagus; ; ankle; ; glomerulus; ; calvaria;
	More reference expression data
	n/a
Gene ontology
Molecular function	protein binding ;
Cellular component	integral component of membrane ; membrane ; plasma membrane ; neuronal cell body ;
Biological process	regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway ; cell communication ; Wnt signaling pathway ; apoptotic process ; negative regulation of ossification ; limb development ; negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway ; negative regulation of axon regeneration ;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	83999
	84035
	ENSG00000183762
	ENSMUSG00000020393
	Q96MU8
	Q99N43
	NM_001039570 ; NM_032045 ; NM_153379
	NM_032396
	NP_001034659 ; NP_114434
	NP_115772
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Last updated March 05, 2023

Kremen protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KREMEN1 gene.^[5]^[6]Kremen1 is conserved in chordates including amphioxus^[7] and most vertebrate species.^[8] The protein is a type I transmembrane receptor of ligands Dickkopf1,^[9] Dickkopf2, Dickkopf3, Dickkopf4, EpCAM^[10] and Rspondin1.

Function

This gene encodes a high-affinity dickkopf homolog 1 (DKK1) transmembrane receptor that functionally cooperates with DKK1 to block wingless (WNT)/beta-catenin signaling. The encoded protein is a component of a membrane complex that modulates canonical WNT signaling through lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6). It contains extracellular Kringle, WSC, and CUB domains. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been observed for this gene.^[6]

Kremen1 also has a function in the induction of cell death by apoptosis.^[8] This proapototic activity is conditional and depends on the absence of ligand Dickkopf1.^[8] These observations led to the classification of this protein as a Dependence Receptor.

A mouse knock out of Kremen1 and its paralog Kremen2 is viable and fertile.^[11]

Related Research Articles

BMP and activin membrane-bound inhibitor homolog , also known as BAMBI, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the BAMBI gene.

Proto-oncogene Wnt-1, or Proto-oncogene Int-1 homolog is a protein that in humans is encoded by the WNT1 gene.

Frizzled-2(Fz-2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FZD2 gene.

Frizzled-5(Fz-5) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FZD5 gene.

Frizzled-6(Fz-6) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FZD6 gene.

Frizzled-7(Fd-7) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FZD7 gene.

Frizzled-8(Fz-8) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FZD8 gene.

Frizzled-9(Fz-9) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FZD9 gene. Fz-9 has also been designated as CD349.

Probable G-protein coupled receptor 124 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GPR124 gene. It is a member of the adhesion-GPCR family of receptors. Family members are characterized by an extended extracellular region with a variable number of protein domains coupled to a TM7 domain via a domain known as the GPCR-Autoproteolysis INducing (GAIN) domain.

Leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptor 6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LGR6 gene. Along with the other G-protein coupled receptors LGR4 and LGR5, LGR6 is a Wnt signaling pathway mediator. LGR6 also acts as an epithelial stem cell marker in squamous cell carcinoma in mice in vivo.

Dickkopf-related protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DKK1 gene.

Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LRP6 gene. LRP6 is a key component of the LRP5/LRP6/Frizzled co-receptor group that is involved in canonical Wnt pathway.

Dickkopf-related protein 3 is a protein in the Dickkopf family that in humans is encoded by the DKK3 gene.

Protein Wnt-7a is a protein that in humans is encoded by the WNT7A gene.

Wnt inhibitory factor 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the WIF1 gene. WIF1 is a lipid-binding protein that binds to Wnt proteins and prevents them from triggering signalling.

Olfactory receptor 2A4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OR2A4 gene.

Olfactory receptor 2A1/2A42 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OR2A1 gene.

Dickkopf-related protein 2 is a protein in the Dickkopf family that in humans is encoded by the DKK2 gene.

Protein Wnt-11 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the WNT11 gene.

Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 R2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the UBE2R2 gene.

References

1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000183762 - Ensembl, May 2017
1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000020393 - Ensembl, May 2017
↑ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ Nakamura T, Aoki S, Kitajima K, Takahashi T, Matsumoto K, Nakamura T (Mar 2001). "Molecular cloning and characterization of Kremen, a novel kringle-containing transmembrane protein". Biochim Biophys Acta. 1518 (1–2): 63–72. doi:10.1016/s0167-4781(01)00168-3. PMID 11267660.
1 2 "Entrez Gene: KREMEN1 kringle containing transmembrane protein 1".
↑ Zhang, Yujun; Mao, Bingyu (2010-09-01). "Embryonic expression and evolutionary analysis of the amphioxus Dickkopf and Kremen family genes". Journal of Genetics and Genomics = Yi Chuan Xue Bao. 37 (9): 637–645. doi:10.1016/S1673-8527(09)60082-5. ISSN 1673-8527. PMID 20933216.
1 2 3 Causeret, F.; Sumia, I.; Pierani, A. (2016-02-01). "Kremen1 and Dickkopf1 control cell survival in a Wnt-independent manner". Cell Death and Differentiation. 23 (2): 323–332. doi:10.1038/cdd.2015.100. ISSN 1476-5403. PMC 4716294 . PMID 26206087.
↑ Mao, Bingyu; Wu, Wei; Davidson, Gary; Marhold, Joachim; Li, Mingfa; Mechler, Bernard M.; Delius, Hajo; Hoppe, Dana; Stannek, Peter (2002-06-06). "Kremen proteins are Dickkopf receptors that regulate Wnt/beta-catenin signalling". Nature. 417 (6889): 664–667. Bibcode:2002Natur.417..664M. doi:10.1038/nature756. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 12050670. S2CID 4418943.
↑ Lu, Huiqiang; Ma, Jun; Yang, Yun; Shi, Wenchao; Luo, Lingfei (2013-03-11). "EpCAM is an endoderm-specific Wnt derepressor that licenses hepatic development". Developmental Cell. 24 (5): 543–553. doi: 10.1016/j.devcel.2013.01.021 . ISSN 1878-1551. PMID 23484855.
↑ Ellwanger, Kristina; Saito, Hiroaki; Clément-Lacroix, Philippe; Maltry, Nicole; Niedermeyer, Joachim; Lee, Woon Kyu; Baron, Roland; Rawadi, Georges; Westphal, Heiner (2008-08-01). "Targeted disruption of the Wnt regulator Kremen induces limb defects and high bone density". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 28 (15): 4875–4882. doi:10.1128/MCB.00222-08. ISSN 1098-5549. PMC 2493355 . PMID 18505822.

Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928 . PMID 15489334.
Brandenberger R, Wei H, Zhang S, et al. (2005). "Transcriptome characterization elucidates signaling networks that control human ES cell growth and differentiation". Nat. Biotechnol. 22 (6): 707–16. doi:10.1038/nbt971. PMID 15146197. S2CID 27764390.
Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, et al. (2004). "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs". Nat. Genet. 36 (1): 40–5. doi: 10.1038/ng1285 . PMID 14702039.
Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9916899M. doi: 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . PMC 139241 . PMID 12477932.
Mao B, Wu W, Davidson G, et al. (2002). "Kremen proteins are Dickkopf receptors that regulate Wnt/beta-catenin signalling". Nature. 417 (6889): 664–7. Bibcode:2002Natur.417..664M. doi:10.1038/nature756. PMID 12050670. S2CID 4418943.
Dias Neto E, Correa RG, Verjovski-Almeida S, et al. (2000). "Shotgun sequencing of the human transcriptome with ORF expressed sequence tags". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97 (7): 3491–6. Bibcode:2000PNAS...97.3491D. doi: 10.1073/pnas.97.7.3491 . PMC 16267 . PMID 10737800.
Dunham I, Shimizu N, Roe BA, et al. (1999). "The DNA sequence of human chromosome 22". Nature. 402 (6761): 489–95. Bibcode:1999Natur.402..489D. doi: 10.1038/990031 . PMID 10591208.

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[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] 1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000183762 - Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] 1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000020393 - Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[pmid11267660-5] Nakamura T, Aoki S, Kitajima K, Takahashi T, Matsumoto K, Nakamura T (Mar 2001). "Molecular cloning and characterization of Kremen, a novel kringle-containing transmembrane protein". Biochim Biophys Acta. 1518 (1–2): 63–72. doi:10.1016/s0167-4781(01)00168-3. PMID 11267660.

[entrez-6] 1 2 "Entrez Gene: KREMEN1 kringle containing transmembrane protein 1".

[7] Zhang, Yujun; Mao, Bingyu (2010-09-01). "Embryonic expression and evolutionary analysis of the amphioxus Dickkopf and Kremen family genes". Journal of Genetics and Genomics = Yi Chuan Xue Bao. 37 (9): 637–645. doi:10.1016/S1673-8527(09)60082-5. ISSN 1673-8527. PMID 20933216.

[:0-8] 1 2 3 Causeret, F.; Sumia, I.; Pierani, A. (2016-02-01). "Kremen1 and Dickkopf1 control cell survival in a Wnt-independent manner". Cell Death and Differentiation. 23 (2): 323–332. doi:10.1038/cdd.2015.100. ISSN 1476-5403. PMC 4716294 . PMID 26206087.

[9] Mao, Bingyu; Wu, Wei; Davidson, Gary; Marhold, Joachim; Li, Mingfa; Mechler, Bernard M.; Delius, Hajo; Hoppe, Dana; Stannek, Peter (2002-06-06). "Kremen proteins are Dickkopf receptors that regulate Wnt/beta-catenin signalling". Nature. 417 (6889): 664–667. Bibcode:2002Natur.417..664M. doi:10.1038/nature756. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 12050670. S2CID 4418943.

[10] Lu, Huiqiang; Ma, Jun; Yang, Yun; Shi, Wenchao; Luo, Lingfei (2013-03-11). "EpCAM is an endoderm-specific Wnt derepressor that licenses hepatic development". Developmental Cell. 24 (5): 543–553. doi: 10.1016/j.devcel.2013.01.021 . ISSN 1878-1551. PMID 23484855.

[11] Ellwanger, Kristina; Saito, Hiroaki; Clément-Lacroix, Philippe; Maltry, Nicole; Niedermeyer, Joachim; Lee, Woon Kyu; Baron, Roland; Rawadi, Georges; Westphal, Heiner (2008-08-01). "Targeted disruption of the Wnt regulator Kremen induces limb defects and high bone density". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 28 (15): 4875–4882. doi:10.1128/MCB.00222-08. ISSN 1098-5549. PMC 2493355 . PMID 18505822.

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KREMEN1

Contents

Function

Related Research Articles

References

Further reading