Kali (plant)

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Kali
Salsola kali detalle ramas.jpg
Kali tragus in fruit
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Caryophyllales
Family: Amaranthaceae
Subfamily: Salsoloideae
Tribe: Salsoleae
Genus: Kali
Mill.
Species

13 species; see text.

Kali was a genus of plants in the subfamily Salsoloideae in the family Amaranthaceae, that has now been subsumed into the genus Salsola . [1]

Contents

Common names of various members of this genus include buckbush, rolypoly, [2] tumbleweed for its wind-blown seed dispersal habit, and Tartar thistle [3] and Russian thistle for its origins. [3]

Systematics

The type species of the genus was Kali turgidum . The genus consists of ca. 23 species: [4]

In 2014, Mosyakin et al. proposed to conserve Salsola kali (= Kali turgidum) as nomenclatoral type for the genus Salsola . If the proposal will be accepted, all species of genus Kali would belong to Salsola again. [11] The General Committee of the XIX International Botanical Congress approved Mosyakin et al.'s proposal, [12] rendering the species related to Salsola kali as constituting the genus Salsola, while those related to Salsola soda should be transferred to another genus. [13]

Invasive species

Several species, most notably the central Asian Kali tragus , are invasive species outside their native range. They have encroached into parts of North America, where they are listed as noxious weeds by the United States Department of Agriculture. The salt-tolerant genus was first reported in the United States around 1877 in Bon Homme County, South Dakota, apparently transported as a stowaway in flax seed exported by Ukrainian farmers. South Dakota proved too harsh and dry for growing flax, however, and by 1900 Kali had colonized as far west as the Pacific Coast. It was also actively introduced by the USDA as experimental food for cattle that could be grown in hard times during droughts. Palatability of the young shoots is considered to be fair. Cattle, sheep, and horses eat it if nothing better is available. Small rodents and pronghorn also graze on the young shoots. Kali thrives wherever land use has disturbed the soil. It can be seen in Death Valley, California, and in Colorado at elevations of 8500 feet (2600 m).

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Amaranthaceae</span> Family of flowering plants

Amaranthaceae is a family of flowering plants commonly known as the amaranth family, in reference to its type genus Amaranthus. It includes the former goosefoot family Chenopodiaceae and contains about 165 genera and 2,040 species, making it the most species-rich lineage within its parent order, Caryophyllales.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Salsoloideae</span> Subfamily of flowering plants

The Salsoloideae are a subfamily of the Amaranthaceae, formerly in family Chenopodiaceae.

<i>Salsola kali</i> Species of flowering plant in the amaranth family Amaranthaceae

Salsola kali is the restored botanical name for a species of flowering plants in the amaranth family. It is native to the Northern African and European Atlantic coasts to the Mediterranean. It is an annual plant which grows primarily in the temperate biome.

<i>Suaeda</i> Genus of aquatic plants

Suaeda is a genus of plants also known as seepweeds and sea-blites. Most species are confined to saline or alkaline soil habitats, such as coastal salt-flats and tidal wetlands. Many species have thick, succulent leaves, a characteristic seen in various plant genera that thrive in salty habitats.

<i>Salsola</i> Genus of plants

Salsola is a genus of the subfamily Salsoloideae in the family Amaranthaceae. The genus sensu stricto is distributed in central and southwestern Asia, North Africa, and the Mediterranean. A common name of various members of this genus and related genera is saltwort, for their salt tolerance. The genus name Salsola is from the Latin salsus, meaning "salty".

<i>Corispermum</i> Genus of flowering plants

Corispermum is a genus of plants in the family Amaranthaceae. Common names given to members of the genus involve bugseed, tickseed, and tumbleweed. In general, these are erect annual plants with flat, thin leaves and topped with inflorescences of flowers with long bracts. Bugseeds are native to North America and Eurasia, but little is known about their taxonomy and distribution.

<i>Salsola tragus</i> Species of flowering plant

Salsola tragus, often known by its synonym Kali tragus is a species of flowering plant in the family Amaranthaceae. It is known by various common names such as prickly Russian thistle, windwitch, or common saltwort. It is widely known simply as tumbleweed because, in many regions of the United States, it is the most common and most conspicuous plant species that produces tumbleweeds. Informally, it may be known as "'Kali or Salsola": the latter being its restored genus, containing 54 other species, into which the obsolete genus Kali has been subsumed.

<i>Kali paulsenii</i> Species of flowering plant

Kali paulsenii is a species of flowering plant in the amaranth family known by the common name barbwire Russian thistle. It is native to Eurasia and it is present in the American southwest as an introduced species and sometimes a weed in sandy, disturbed habitat types. It is an annual herb forming a brambly clump of intricately branched, prostrate to erect stems growing up to a meter long. The reddish stems are lined with yellow-green, thready, fleshy, or needlelike, spine-tipped leaves a few millimeters to three centimeters long. The inflorescence is an interrupted series of flowers, with one flower per leaf axil. The flower is surrounded by a disclike array of wide, winged sepals which are whitish at the tips and pinkish at the bases.

<i>Soda stocksii</i> Species of shrub

Soda stocksii is a shrub species of the family Amaranthaceae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Camphorosmeae</span> Tribe of flowering plants

Camphorosmeae is a species-rich tribe of the Amaranthaceae, formerly Chenopodiaceae, with 20 genera and about 179 species. It is classified as a single tribe of subfamily Camphorosmoideae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Suaedoideae</span> Subfamily of flowering plants

The Suaedoideae are a subfamily of plants in the family Amaranthaceae.

<i>Anabasis</i> (plant) Genus of plants

Anabasis is a genus of plants in the subfamily Salsoloideae of the family Amaranthaceae. It is distributed in southern Europe, North Africa, and Asia.

<i>Bienertia</i> Genus of plant in the family Amaranthaceae

Bienertia is a flowering plant genus that currently is classified in the family Amaranthaceae s.l.. For long time, the genus was considered to consist only of one species, Bienertia cycloptera, but in 2005 and 2012, two new species have been separated.

Caroxylon imbricatum, synonym Salsola imbricata, is a small species of shrub in the family Amaranthaceae. It grows in deserts and arid regions of north Africa, the Arabian Peninsula and southwestern Asia.

<i>Caroxylon</i> Genus of Chenopodiaceae plants

Caroxylon is a genus of shrubby flowering plants in the family Amaranthaceae, found in drier areas of the Old World, including southern Africa, Madagascar, northern Africa, Mediterranean islands of Europe, the Canary Islands, Socotra, Ukraine, Russia, western Asia, Central Asia, India, western and northern China, and Mongolia.

Salsola melitensis is an endemic vascular plant of the Maltese archipelago. Its generic name is derived from the Latin word “salsus” which means salty, attributing to the salt tolerant nature of the species within this genus. The genus name was published in 1753 in the Species Plantarum composed by Carl Linnaeus but was reclassified again by Akhani et al. in 2007.

<i>Pyankovia</i> Genus of plants

Pyankovia is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Amaranthaceae.

Oreosalsola is a genus of plants in the family Amaranthaceae, erected by Akhani in 2016. Species were often previously placed in the genus Salsola; they have been recorded from temperate and sub-tropical central Asia.

Akhania is a genus of flowering plants in the amaranth family, Amaranthaceae. It includes three species native to the eastern Mediterranean and western and central Asia, ranging from Greece through western Asia to the Caucasus, Kazakhstan, and Afghanistan.

Turania is a genus of flowering plants in the amaranth family, Amaranthaceae. It includes four species native to Central Asia, ranging from Iran and Afghanistan to Xinjiang and Kazakhstan.

References

  1. Plants of the world Online (retrieved 4 March 2024)
  2. Lucid Keys, LucidCentral.org
  3. 1 2 Vasey, G. (1892). "Report of the botanist". Report of the Secretary of Agriculture. 1891. United States Department of Agriculture: 341–58.
  4. Akhani, Hossein; Edwards, Gerald; Roalson, Eric H. (2007). "Diversification of the old world Salsoleae s.l. (Chenopodiaceae): molecular phylogenetic analysis of nuclear and chloroplast data sets and a revised classification". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 168 (6): 931–956. doi:10.1086/518263. JSTOR   10.1086/518263. S2CID   86789297.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Brullo Cristian; Brullo Salvatore; Gaskin John F.; Giusso Gianpietro; Frederic Hrusa George; Salmeri Cristina. "A new species of Kali (Salsoloideae, Chenopodiaceae) from Sicily, supported by molecular analysis". Phytotaxa. 201 (4): 259.
  6. Brullo Cristian; Brullo Salvatore; Ilardi Vincenzo; Del Galdo Gianpietro Giusso (2015). "Kali dodecanesicum (Chenopodiaceae, Salsoloideae) a new species from Greece". Phytotaxa. 218 (1): 63. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.218.1.4.
  7. Galasso & Bartolucci: Informatore Botanico Italiano 46(1): 83. 2014. / Notula: 2070 (Kali macrophyllum, comb. nov.). In: Notulae alla checklist della flora vascolare italiana: 17 (2027-2070).
  8. "Kali monopterum". International Plant Names Index. Retrieved 15 January 2016.
  9. "Kali praecox". International Plant Names Index. Retrieved 15 January 2016.
  10. Gutermann W (2011). "Notulae nomenclaturales 41–45. Neue Namen bei Cruciata und Kali sowie einige kleinere Korrekturen". Phyton (Horn). 51 (1): 98.
  11. Mosyakin, Sergei L.; Rilke, Sabrina; Freitag, Helmut (2014). "(2323) Proposal to conserve the name Salsola (Chenopodiaceae s.str.; Amaranthaceae sensu APG) with a conserved type". Taxon. 63 (5): 1134–1135. doi: 10.12705/635.15 .
  12. "Proposals and Disposals". Smithsonian Institution.
  13. Mosyakin, Sergei L.; et al. (2017). "Kali versus Salsola: the instructive story of a questionable nomenclatural resurrection". Israel Journal of Plant Sciences. 64 (1–2): 18–30.