Salsola

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Salsola
Salsola oppositifolia.JPG
Salsola oppositifolia
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Caryophyllales
Family: Amaranthaceae
Subfamily: Salsoloideae
Tribe: Salsoleae
Genus: Salsola
L.
Synonyms
  • Caspia Galushko
  • Darniella Maire & Weiller
  • Eremochion Gilli
  • Hypocylix Woł.
  • Isgarum Raf.
  • Kali Mill.
  • Neocaspia Tzvelev
  • Physandra Botsch.

Salsola is a genus of the subfamily Salsoloideae in the family Amaranthaceae. The genus sensu stricto is distributed in central and southwestern Asia, North Africa, and the Mediterranean. [1] A common name of various members of this genus and related genera is saltwort, for their salt tolerance. The genus name Salsola is from the Latin salsus, meaning "salty". [2]

Contents

Description

The species of Salsola are mostly subshrubs, shrubs, small trees, and rarely annuals. The leaves are mostly alternate, rarely opposite, simple, and entire. The bisexual flowers have five tepals and five stamens. The pistil ends in two stigmata. The fruit is spherical with a spiral embryo and no perisperm. [2] [3] [4]

Systematics

The genus name Salsola was first published in 1753 by Linnaeus in Species Plantarum . [5] The type species is Salsola soda L.

The genus Salsola belongs to the tribe Salsoleae s.s. of the subfamily Salsoloideae in the family Amaranthaceae. The genus was recircumscribed in 2007 based on molecular phylogenetic research, greatly reducing the number of species. [1] Synonyms of Salsolasensu stricto are: DarniellaMaire & Weiller, FadeniaAellen & Townsend, NeocaspiaTzvelev and HypocylixWol..[ citation needed ]

Salsola stocksii Haloxylon stocksii 1.jpg
Salsola stocksii
Harvested Salsola soda Salsola soda.jpg
Harvested Salsola soda

Plants of the World Online includes: [6]

  1. Salsola acanthoclada Botsch.
  2. Salsola africana (Brenan) Botsch.
  3. Salsola algeriensis Botsch.
  4. Salsola angusta Botsch.
  5. Salsola arbusculiformis Drobow
  6. Salsola australis R.Br.
  7. Salsola austrotibetica Sukhor.
  8. Salsola baranovii Iljin
  9. Salsola basaltica (C.Brullo, Brullo, Gaskin, Giusso, Hrusa & Salmeri) C.Brullo & Brullo
  10. Salsola brevifolia Desf.
  11. Salsola chellalensis Botsch.
  12. Salsola chinghaiensis A.J.Li
  13. Salsola collina Pall.
  14. Salsola cruciata L.Chevall. ex Batt. & Trab.
  15. Salsola divaricata Masson ex Link
  16. Salsola drummondii Ulbr.
  17. Salsola euryphylla Botsch.
  18. Salsola glomerata (Maire) Brullo
  19. Salsola × gobicola Iljin
  20. Salsola griffithii (Bunge) Freitag & Khani
  21. Salsola gymnomaschala Maire
  22. Salsola gypsacea Botsch.
  23. Salsola halimocnemis Botsch.
  24. Salsola hartmannii Sukhor.
  25. Salsola ikonnikovii Iljin
  26. Salsola intramongolica H.C.Fu & Z.Y.Chu
  27. Salsola jacquemontii Moq.
  28. Salsola junatovii Botsch.
  29. Salsola kali L.
  30. Salsola komarovii Iljin
  31. Salsola laricifolia Litv. ex Drobow
  32. Salsola mairei Botsch.
  33. Salsola masclansii G.Monts. & D.Gómez
  34. Salsola melitensis Botsch.
  35. Salsola monoptera Bunge
  36. Salsola pachyphylla Botsch.
  37. Salsola papillosa (Coss.) Willk.
  38. Salsola paulsenii Litv.
  39. Salsola pontica (Pall.) Iliin
  40. Salsola praecox (Litv.) Litv.
  41. Salsola praemontana Botsch.
  42. Salsola ryanii Hrusa & Gaskin
  43. Salsola sabrinae Mosyakin
  44. Salsola sinkiangensis A.J.Li
  45. Salsola squarrosa Steven ex Moq.
  46. Salsola strobilifera (Benth.) Mosyakin
  47. Salsola subglabra Botsch.
  48. Salsola tamamschjanae Iljin
  49. Salsola tamariscina Pall.
  50. Salsola tragus L. (sometimes placed in Kali)
  51. Salsola tunetana Brullo
  52. Salsola turcica Yıld.
  53. Salsola verticillata Schousb.
  54. Salsola webbii Moq.
  55. Salsola zaidamica Iljin
  56. Salsola zygophylla Batt.

Excluded species: Many species formerly grouped in Salsola were excluded by Akhani et al. (2007). Some may now be classified in separate genera: [1]

Uses

The leaves and shoots of S. soda, known in Italy as barba di frate or agretti, are cooked and used as vegetables. The species is also used for the production of potash. [7] In Namibia, where the plant is called gannabos , it is a valuable fodder plant. [8]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Amaranthaceae</span> Family of flowering plants

Amaranthaceae is a family of flowering plants commonly known as the amaranth family, in reference to its type genus Amaranthus. It includes the former goosefoot family Chenopodiaceae and contains about 165 genera and 2,040 species, making it the most species-rich lineage within its parent order, Caryophyllales.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Salsoloideae</span> Subfamily of flowering plants

The Salsoloideae are a subfamily of the Amaranthaceae, formerly in family Chenopodiaceae.

<i>Kali turgidum</i> Species of flowering plant in the amaranth family Amaranthaceae

Kali turgidum is a synonym for Salsola kali: an annual plant that grows in salty sandy coastal soils, whose commonly known as prickly saltwort or prickly glasswort.

<i>Corispermum</i> Genus of flowering plants

Corispermum is a genus of plants in the family Amaranthaceae. Common names given to members of the genus involve bugseed, tickseed, and tumbleweed. In general, these are erect annual plants with flat, thin leaves and topped with inflorescences of flowers with long bracts. Bugseeds are native to North America and Eurasia, but little is known about their taxonomy and distribution.

<i>Halothamnus</i> Genus of flowering plants

Halothamnus is a genus in the subfamily Salsoloideae of the family Amaranthaceae. The scientific name means saltbush, from the Greek ἅλς (hals) "salt" and θαμνος (thamnos) "bush". This refers either to salty habitats or to the accumulation of salt in the plants. The genus is distributed from Southwest and Central Asia to the Arabian peninsula and East Africa.

<i>Halothamnus subaphyllus</i> Species of plant

Halothamnus subaphyllus is a species of the plant genus Halothamnus, that belongs to the subfamily Salsoloideae within the family Amaranthaceae,. It occurs in Southwest and Central Asia.

<i>Halothamnus auriculus</i> Species of flowering plant

Halothamnus auriculus is a species of the plant genus Halothamnus, that belongs to the subfamily Salsoloideae of the family Amaranthaceae,. It occurs in Western and Middle Asia.

<i>Salsola kali</i>

Salsola kali is the restored botanical name for a species of flowering plants in the amaranth family. It is native to the N.African and European Atlantic coasts to Mediteranean. It is an annual plant which grows primarily in the temperate biome.

<i>Kali</i> (plant) Genus of flowering plants

Kali was a genus of plants in the subfamily Salsoloideae in the family Amaranthaceae, that has now been subsumed into the genus Salsola.

<i>Anabasis</i> (plant) Genus of plants

Anabasis is a genus of plants in the subfamily Salsoloideae of the family Amaranthaceae. It is distributed in southern Europe, North Africa, and Asia.

Caroxylon imbricatum, synonym Salsola imbricata, is a small species of shrub in the family Amaranthaceae. It grows in deserts and arid regions of north Africa, the Arabian Peninsula and southwestern Asia.

<i>Caroxylon vermiculatum</i> Species of flowering plant

Caroxylon vermiculatum, commonly known as Mediterranean saltwort, is a perennial plant in the family Amaranthaceae. It has many synonyms, including Salsola vermiculata and Nitrosalsola vermiculata. It is native to arid and semi-arid regions of the Middle East, North Africa and southern Europe where it is used as a fodder plant for livestock.

<i>Caroxylon aphyllum</i> Species of flowering plant

Caroxylon aphyllum is a small species of shrub in the family Amaranthaceae.

<i>Caroxylon</i> Genus of Chenopodiaceae plants

Caroxylon is a genus of shrubby flowering plants in the family Amaranthaceae, found in drier areas of the Old World, including southern Africa, Madagascar, northern Africa, Mediterranean islands of Europe, the Canary Islands, Socotra, Ukraine, Russia, western Asia, Central Asia, India, western and northern China, and Mongolia.

<i>Climacoptera</i> (plant) Genus of flowering plants

Climacoptera is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Amaranthaceae.

Salsola melitensis is an endemic vascular plant of the Maltese archipelago. Its generic name is derived from the Latin word “salsus” which means salty, attributing to the salt tolerant nature of the species within this genus. The genus name was published in 1753 in the Species Plantarum composed by Carl Linnaeus but was reclassified again by Akhani et al. in 2007.

Kaviria is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Amaranthaceae.

<i>Halimocnemis</i> Genus of plants

Halimocnemis is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Amaranthaceae.

<i>Horaninovia</i> Genus of flowering plants

Horaninovia is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Amaranthaceae. It also belongs to the tribe Salsoleae as well as in the subfamily Salsoloideae.

<i>Hammada</i> (plant) Genus of flowering plants

Hammada is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Amaranthaceae. It is also in the Salsoloideae subfamily. Although it is a very unclear and unsorted genus with many species that have later been classed as synonyms.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Akhani, Hossein; Edwards, Gerald; Roalson, Eric H. (2007). "Diversification of the old world Salsoleae s.l. (Chenopodiaceae): molecular phylogenetic analysis of nuclear and chloroplast data sets and a revised classification". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 168 (6): 931–956. doi:10.1086/518263. JSTOR   10.1086/518263. S2CID   86789297.
  2. 1 2 Mosyakin, S. L. (2004). "Salsola" (concerning the genus sensu lato). Flora of North America. 4.
  3. Zhu, Gelin; Mosyakin, Sergei L.; Clemants, Steven E. "Chenopodiaceae" (Salsola s. l. - Online, concerning the genus sensu lato). Flora of China. 5 (402).
  4. Freitag, Helmut; Hedge, Ian C.; Jafri, Saiyad Masudal Hasan; Kothe-Heinrich, Gabriele; Omer, S.; Uotila, Pertti. "Chenopodiaceae" (Salsola s. l. - Online, concerning the genus sensu lato). Flora of Pakistan.
  5. Carl von Linné (1753). "Species Plantarum" (First publication of genus). 1 (222).{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  6. Plants of the World Online: Salsola L. (retrieved 3 March 2024)
  7. "Salsola soda". Plants for a Future. Retrieved November 20, 2020.
  8. Rothauge, Axel (February 25, 2014). "Staying afloat during a drought". The Namibian . Archived from the original on March 2, 2014.