An ethnic conflict is a conflict between two or more contending ethnic groups. While the source of the conflict may be political,social,economic or religious,the individuals in conflict must expressly fight for their ethnic group's position within society. This criterion differentiates ethnic conflict from other forms of struggle.
The Hanafi school,Hanafism,or the Hanafi fiqh,is the oldest and one of the four traditional major Sunni schools (maddhab) of Islamic Law (Fiqh). It is named after the 8th century Kufan scholar,Abu Hanifa,a Tabi‘i of Persian origin whose legal views were preserved primarily by his two most important disciples,Imam Abu Yusuf and Muhammad al-Shaybani. It is considered one of the most widely accepted maddhab amongst Sunni Muslim community and is called the Madhhab of Jurists.
The Nationalist Congress Party is one of the eight national parties in India. The party generally supports Marathi nationalism and Gandhian secularism.
Visvesvaraya Technological University (VTU),previously spelled Visveswaraiah Technological University,is a collegiate public state university in Belagavi,Karnataka established by the Government of Karnataka. All colleges in the State of Karnataka imparting education in Engineering or Technology,except those that have the consent of VTU and sanction of the Government,are required to be affiliated with Visvesvaraya Technological University,Belagavi. The university is named after Sir M. Visvesvaraya,an Indian civil engineer,statesman and the 19th Diwan of Mysore. VTU is one of oldest technical university which provide opportunities for engineering students and management students.
Elections in Ghana give information on election and election results in Ghana.
The Muzaffarid dynasty,sometimes referred as Ahmedabad dynasty,were Sultans of Gujarat in western India from 1391 to 1583. The founder of the dynasty was Zafar Khan who was governor of Gujarat under the Delhi Sultanate. Zafar Khan's father Sadharan,has been variously described as a Tank Rajput or a Khatri convert from Hinduism to Islam from southern Punjab. He adopted the name Wajih-ul-Mulk. Originally from southern Punjab,his Hindu forebearers claimed descend from Rāmachandra,who the Hindus worshipped as God. Such genealogies were fabricated to glorify royalty and were generally not accepted. When the Sultanate was weakened by the sacking of Delhi by Timur in 1398,and Zafar Khan took the opportunity to establish himself as sultan of an independent Gujarat. His son,Ahmed Shah I established the capital at Ahmedabad. The dynasty ruled for almost 200 years,until the conquest of Gujarat by the Mughal Empire in 1572. The sultanate reached its peak of expansion under Mahmud Begada,reaching east into Malwa and west to the Gulf of Kutch.
An ethnic party is a political party that overtly presents itself as the champion of one ethnic group or sets of ethnic groups. Ethnic parties make such representation central to their voter mobilization strategy. An alternate designation is 'Political parties of minorities',but they should not be mistaken with regionalist or separatist parties,whose purpose is territorial autonomy.
Primordialism is the idea that nations or ethnic identities are fixed,natural and ancient. Primordialists argue that each individual has a single inborn ethnic identity independent of historical processes. While implicit primordialist assumptions are common in society and much academic research,primordialism is widely rejected by scholars of nationalism and ethnicity,as individuals can have multiple ethnic identities which are changeable and socially constructed.
Maithils,also known as Maithili people,are an Indo-Aryan ethno-linguistic group from the Indian subcontinent,who speak the Maithili language as their native language. They inhabit the Mithila region,which comprises Tirhut,Darbhanga,Kosi,Purnia,Munger,Bhagalpur and Santhal Pargana divisions of India and some adjoining districts of Nepal. The Maithil region forms an important part of Hinduism as it is said to be the birthplace of Sita,the wife of Ram and incarnation of Lakshmi.
Andrew Maitland Moravcsik is professor of politics and international affairs,director of the Liechtenstein Institute on Self-Determination,and founding director of both the European Union Program and the International Relations Faculty Colloquium at Princeton University. He holds a lifetime appointment as distinguished affiliated professor at the Technische Universität München,in Munich,Germany,where he is affiliated with its Hochschule für Politik.
Amrita Basu is an American academic and political scientist. She currently is a professor at Amherst College where she holds affiliations in the departments of Political Science,Sexuality,Women's,&Gender Studies,Asian Languages &Civilizations,and Black Studies.
Sajal Nag is Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Distinguished Chair Professor in Social Sciences at Presidency University,Kolkata. He specialises in the history of modern North-East India. He has published extensively on different aspects of India's North-East
Rakesh Kumar Mishra is an Indian scientist specializing in genomics and epigenetics. Mishra retired as the 6th director of CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB) in Hyderabad,India,on the April 30th,2021. He is currently the Director of TIGS,Bengaluru and holds J. C. Bose Fellowship at CCMB.
Kanchan Pande is an Indian Isotope geologist,geochronologist and a professor at the department of earth sciences of the Indian Institute of Technology Mumbai. He is known for his studies on the evolution of continental flood basalts in the Indian subcontinent and is an elected fellow of the National Academy of Sciences,India. The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research,the apex agency of the Government of India for scientific research,awarded him the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology,one of the highest Indian science awards for his contributions to Earth,Atmosphere,Ocean and Planetary Sciences in 2003.
Kamanio Chattopadhyay is an Indian materials engineer and an honorary professor at the Indian Institute of Science,Bengaluru. He is the chair of the Mechanical Sciences Division of IISc and a former chair of the Department of Materials Engineering.
Ravinder Goswami is an Indian endocrinologist and professor at the department of endocrinology and metabolism at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences,Delhi. Known for his research on vitamin D deficiency,Goswami is an elected fellow of National Academy of Sciences,India and Indian Academy of Sciences. The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research,the apex agency of the Government of India for scientific research,awarded him the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology,one of the highest Indian science awards for his contributions to Medical Sciences in 2008.
Riva Ganguly Das is an Indian civil servant who belongs to the Indian Foreign Service cadre. She is the former High Commissioner of India to Bangladesh and former Director General of the Indian Council for Cultural Relations,an autonomous organisation of the Government of India.
Corey Lee Wrenn is an American sociologist specializing in human-animal studies,the sociology of the animal rights movement,ecofeminism,and vegan studies. She is presently a lecturer in the School of Social Policy,Sociology and Social Research at the University of Kent.
Constructivism presumes that ethnic identities are shapeable and affected by politics. Through this framework,constructivist theories reassesses conventional political science dogmas. Research indicates that institutionalized cleavages and a multiparty system discourage ethnic outbidding and identification with tribal,localized groups. In addition,constructivism questions the widespread belief that ethnicity inherently inhibits national,macro-scale identification. To prove this point,constructivist findings suggest that modernization,language consolidation,and border-drawing,weakened the tendency to identify with micro-scale identity categories. One manifestation of ethnic politics gone awry,ethnic violence,is itself not seen as necessarily ethnic,since it attains its ethnic meaning as a conflict progresses.
Sahana Udupa is a media anthropologist. She is a professor at Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich,Germany,with a research focus on online extreme speech,disinformation and digital media politics. She serves on several editorial and advisory boards and regularly takes part in popular media and policy debates around online abuse and fake news dissemination.
