The Nabataean script is an abjad that was used to write Nabataean Aramaic and Nabataean Arabic from the second century BC onwards. Important inscriptions are found in Petra, the Sinai Peninsula, and other archaeological sites including Abdah and Mada'in Saleh in Saudi Arabia.
Heinrich Karl Eckard Helmuth von Maltzan, also known as Heinrich Eckhard Carl Helmuth von Maltzan and by his title Baron of Wartenburg and Penzlin, was a German traveller.
Kanaanäische und Aramäische Inschriften, or KAI, is the standard source for the original text of Canaanite and Aramaic inscriptions not contained in the Hebrew Bible.
The Corpus Inscriptionum Semiticarum is a collection of ancient inscriptions in Semitic languages produced since the end of 2nd millennium BC until the rise of Islam. It was published in Latin. In a note recovered after his death, Ernest Renan stated that: "Of all I have done, it is the Corpus I like the most."
The Canaanite and Aramaic inscriptions, also known as Northwest Semitic inscriptions, are the primary extra-Biblical source for understanding of the society and history of the ancient Phoenicians, Hebrews and Arameans. Semitic inscriptions may occur on stone slabs, pottery ostraca, ornaments, and range from simple names to full texts. The older inscriptions form a Canaanite–Aramaic dialect continuum, exemplified by writings which scholars have struggled to fit into either category, such as the Stele of Zakkur and the Deir Alla Inscription.
The Neirab steles are two 8th-century BC steles with Aramaic inscriptions found in 1891 in Al-Nayrab near Aleppo, Syria. They are currently in the Louvre. They were discovered in 1891 and acquired by Charles Simon Clermont-Ganneau for the Louvre on behalf of the Commission of the Corpus Inscriptionum Semiticarum. The steles are made of black basalt, and the inscriptions note that they were funerary steles. The inscriptions are known as KAI 225 and KAI 226.
The Bourgade inscriptions are approximately 40 neo-Punic inscriptions, found in the 1840s and early 1850s in Husainid Tunisia, which had just been opened up to French influence following the 1846 meeting between Ahmad I ibn Mustafa and Antoine, Duke of Montpensier.
Carthaginian tombstones are Punic language-inscribed tombstones excavated from the city of Carthage over the last 200 years. The first such discoveries were published by Jean Emile Humbert in 1817, Hendrik Arent Hamaker in 1828 and Christian Tuxen Falbe in 1833.
The Tayma stones, also Teima or Tema stones, were a number of Aramaic inscriptions found in Tayma, now northern Saudi Arabia. The first four inscriptions were found in 1878 and published in 1884, and included in the Corpus Inscriptionum Semiticarum II as numbers 113-116. In 1972, ten further inscriptions were published. In 1987 seven further inscriptions were published. Many of the inscriptions date to approximately the 5th and 6th centuries BCE.
The Hadrumetum Punic inscriptions are Punic votive inscriptions found in the Old City of Sousse.
The Kition Tariffs are two important Phoenician inscriptions found in Kition (Larnaka), Cyprus in 1879. The longer of the two has been described as "Among the longest and most important Phoenician inscriptions from Cyprus".
Julius Euting was a German Orientalist.
The Pricot de Sainte-Marie steles are more than 2,000 Punic funerary steles found in Carthage near the ancient forum by French diplomat Jean-Baptiste Evariste Charles Pricot de Sainte-Marie in the 1870s. The find was dramatic both in the scale—the largest single discovery of Canaanite and Aramaic inscriptions—and also due to the finds almost being lost in the sinking of the French ironclad Magenta at Toulon.
The KNMY inscription is an inscription in the Punic language from Carthage that is believed to record a so-called "molk" child sacrifice. The text is inscribed on a 55 cm high stela that was discovered in 1922.
Scripturae Linguaeque Phoeniciae, also known as Phoeniciae Monumenta was an important study of the Phoenician language by German scholar Wilhelm Gesenius. It was written in three volumes, combined in later editions. It was described by Reinhard Lehmann as "a historical milestone of Phoenician epigraphy".
The Wilmanns Neopunic inscriptions are five Neopunic inscriptions discovered in 1873–74 in Ottoman Tunisia by Gustav Heinrich Wilmanns and published in 1876 by Julius Euting.
Muhammad Khaznadar (1840–1929) was an early archaeologist in Ottoman Tunisia. He was the eldest son of Mustapha Khaznadar, a prominent Prime Minister of Tunisia who served from 1855 until 1873.
The Carthaginian slaughterhouse inscription is a notable Punic inscription from Carthage published in 1871, currently held in the British Museum (ID number BM 125263. One of 10 inscriptions collected by Anglican clergyman William Fenner, based in La Goulette, Tunis, and given to Julius Euting for publication. Euting had numbered it Carthage 195, having numbered his collection beginning at 120, picking up after the numbering published two years previously in 1869 by Paul Schröder in his Die Phönizische Sprache. It is known as CIS I 175, NSI 46, KAI 80 and KI 68.
The Carthaginian mother goddess inscription is a notable Punic inscription from Carthage published in 1871. One of about 140 inscriptions collected by Muhammad Khaznadar, it was first published by Julius Euting. Khaznadar was refused permission to make copies, but was passed copies of 19 inscriptions by E. Massé, Sidi Muhammed's secretary, and the consul Karl Tulin De La Tunisie. Euting had numbered it Carthage 215, having numbered his collection beginning at 120, picking up after the numbering published two years previously in 1869 by Paul Schröder in his Die Phönizische Sprache. It is known as CIS I 177, NSI 47, KAI 83 and KI 72.
The Hamaker Punic inscriptions are three Punic inscriptions, found in Carthage by Hendrik Arent Hamaker in 1828 in Husainid Tunisia.
