Kokalla I | |
---|---|
King of Chedi | |
Reign | 850-890 CE |
Predecessor | Lakshmana-raja I (825-850 CE) |
Successor | Shankaragana II (890-910 CE) |
Spouse | Natta-devi |
Issue | Shankaragana II, Arjuna, Valleka, Mahadevi, unnamed son (founder of the Ratanpur branch of Kalachuris) |
Dynasty | Kalachuris of Tripuri |
Kokalla I (850-890 CE) was a ruler of the Kalachuri dynasty of Tripuri in central India. His kingdom was centered around the Chedi or Dahala region in present-day Madhya Pradesh. He appears to have been the first powerful ruler of the dynasty. He consolidated his kingdom and maintained matrimonial relations with the Rashtrakuta empire, and Chandela dynasty. [1]
He is credited with increasing the prestige of his dynasty through a combination of diplomatic and military maneuvers. [2] [3]
Kokalla I was most likely born before 817 AD to the Kalachuri king Lakshmana-raja I (825-850 CE). [4] [5] Kokalla I was a subordinate ruler under the Gurjara-Pratihara emperor Mihira Bhoja, and played an important role in expanding the south-eastern borders of the Pratihara empire. He also assisted Mihira Bhoja in his conflict against the Pala Empire of Bengal. [6] His alliegance to Bhoja may have been nominal, and he appears to have laid the foundation of the Kalachuri empire by expanding his own sphere of influence in the southern part of the Pratihara empire. [7] Rama Shankar Tripathi states that Kokalla I aided the Gurjara-Pratihara Bhoja II in the civil war against his half-brother Mahipala I. [8] However, this is not probable because Kokalla's reign ended two decades before Bhoja II's reign.
Kokalla married his daughter Mahadevi to the Rashtrakuta king Krishna II as a marriage alliance. [9] This was the beginning of a strong alliance between the Rashtrakutas and Kalachuris. He invaded the North Konkan to help his son-in-law, Krishna II. [10] He defeated Harsha, a ruler of the Guhila dynasty which ruled the Mewar region in Rajasthan, and Guhaka of Sakambhari near Ajmer in Rajasthan. [6] He also defeated Shankargana, ruler of the Kalachuris of Sarayupara. [11]
Kokalla I married Natta-devi (IAST: Naṭṭā-devi), a princess of the Chandela dynasty which ruled the region of Bundelkhand. Natta-devi was probably a daughter of the Chandela king Jayashakti. [12] [13] [14] However, R.K. Dikshit thinks that Natta-devi was the daughter of king Rahila, which is unlikely due to the chronological difference. [15] He had eighteen sons and one daughter named Mahadevi, who was given in marriage to the Rashtrakuta king Krishna II. [16] His eldest son from Natta-devi was Shankaragana II (890-910 CE), who succeeded him as king of Chedi. His other known sons were Arjuna, who is mentioned in Rashtrakuta inscriptions; and prince Valleka, who is known by his Gyaraspur inscription. [17]
An unnamed son of Kokalla founded the Ratanpur branch of the Kalachuris, who flourished until 1758. [18] [19] [16] His other sons were assigned to the governorship of mandalas (provinces) within the Kalachuri kingdom. [20]
The Gurjara-Pratihara was a dynasty that ruled much of Northern India from the mid-8th to the 11th century. They ruled first at Ujjain and later at Kannauj.
The Chandelas of Jejakabhukti was an Indian dynasty in Central India. The Chandelas ruled much of the Bundelkhand region between the 9th and the 13th centuries. They belonged to the Chandel clan of the Rajputs.
Mihira Bhoja or Bhoja I was the Pratiharan Emperor from 836 to 885 CE. He inherited a weakened realm in an adverse situation from his father, Ramabhadra. However, his capable reign transformed it into a large and prosperous empire. Bhoja was a devotee of Vishnu and adopted the title of Ādivarāha, which is inscribed on some of his coins.. One of the outstanding political figures of India in the ninth century, he ranks with Dhruva Dharavarsha and Dharmapala as a great general and empire builder.
Nagabhata I was the founder of the imperial Gurjara Pratihara dynasty in northern India. He ruled the Avanti region in present-day Madhya Pradesh, from his capital at Ujjain. He may have extended his control over Gurjaradesa, which includes parts of present-day Gujarat and Rajasthan. He repulsed an Arab invasion from Sindh, probably led by Junayd ibn Abd al-Rahman al-Murri or Al Hakam ibn Awana.
Krishna III whose Kannada name was Kannara was the last great warrior and able Rashtrakuta Emperor. He was a shrewd administrator and skillful military campaigner. He waged many wars to restore the glory of the Rashtrakutas and played an important role in rebuilding the Rashtrakuta empire. He patronised the famous Kannada poets Sri Ponna, who wrote Shanti Purana, Gajankusha, also known as Narayana, who wrote on erotics, and the Apabhramsha poet Pushpadanta who wrote Mahapurana and other works. His queen was a Chedi princess and his daughter Bijjabbe was married to a Western Ganga prince. During his rule he held titles such as Akalavarsha, Maharajadhiraja, Parameshvara, Paramamaheshvara, Shri Prithvivallabha etc. At his peak, he reigned over a vast empire stretching from at least the Narmada river in the north to at least the Kaveri river delta in the south. A copper grant of 993 issued by the Shilahara king of Thana states that the Rashtrakuta control extended from the Himalayas in the north to Ceylon in the south and from the eastern sea to the western seas. This grant also states that when the emperor Krishna III mobilised his armies, the kings of Chola, Bengal, Kannauj, Andhra and Pandya regions used to quiver.
The Paramara dynasty was the ruling dynasty of Kingdom of Malwa in west-central India between 9th and 14th centuries. They belonged to the Parmara clan of the Rajputs.
The Kalachuris of Tripuri, also known the Kalachuris of Chedi, ruled parts of central India during 7th to 13th centuries. They are also known as the Later Kalachuris to distinguish them from their earlier namesakes, especially the Kalachuris of Mahishmati. Their core territory included the historical Chedi region, and their capital was located at Tripuri.
The 11th century Paramara king Bhoja ruled from his capital at Dhara. The period of his reign is dated approximately 1010 CE to 1055 CE, although some historians believe that he ascended the throne before 1010 CE. Bhoja inherited a kingdom centered around the Malwa region, and made several attempts to expand it varying results. He managed to annex territories as far as northern parts of Konkan, but these territorial gains were short-lived. He fought wars against several of his neighbours, including the Chaulukyas of Gujarat, the Chalukyas of Lata, the Chalukyas of Kalyani, the Chandelas of Jejakabhukti, the Kachchhapaghatas of Gwalior, the Chahamanas of Shakambhari, the Chahamanas of Naddula, and the Kalachuris of Tripuri. He also conflicted with Gaznavid Turk Invaders, Mahmud's desecration of the Somnath temple in Gujarat motivated Bhoja to lead an army against him, however after Somnath raid, Mahmud Gazhnavi chose a more dangerous route via Sindh, to avoid facing the invading powerful armies of Bhoja.
The origin of the Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty of India is a topic of debate among historians. The rulers of this dynasty used the self-designation "Pratihara" for their clan, but have been described as "Gurjara" by their neighbouring kingdoms. Only one particular inscription of a feudatory ruler named Mathanadeva mentions him as a "Gurjara-Pratihara".
Harsha, also known as Shri Harsha, was a king of the Chandela dynasty of India. He ruled in the Jejakabhukti region.
Yashovarman, also known as Lakshavarman, was a king of the Chandela dynasty of India. He ruled in the Jejakabhukti region. He practically established the Chandelas as a sovereign power, although he formally acknowledged suzerainty of the Gurjara-Pratiharas. His major military achievement was the conquest of Kalanjara. He is also notable for having commissioned the Lakshmana Temple at Khajuraho.
Madana-Varman was a king of the Chandela dynasty of India. He succeeded his father Prithvi-Varman as the ruler of the Jejakabhukti region. He revived the Chandela glory by subduing the neighbouring kingdoms, and commissioned several tanks and temples.
Shankaragana III was a ruler of the Kalachuri dynasty of Tripuri in central India. His kingdom was centered around the Chedi or Dahala region in present-day Madhya Pradesh. He defeated a weak Gurjara-Pratihara ruler, and seems to have died in a battle against the Chandelas.
Yuvarajadeva II was a ruler of the Kalachuri dynasty of Tripuri in central India. His kingdom was centered around the Chedi or Dahala region in present-day Madhya Pradesh. He established matrimonial relations with the Chalukyas of Kalyani, and was defeated by their rival, the Paramara king Munja.
Kokalla II was a ruler of the Kalachuri dynasty of Tripuri in central India. His kingdom was centered around the Chedi or Dahala region in present-day Madhya Pradesh. His Gurgi inscription suggests that he raided the territories of the Gurjara-Pratiharas, the Palas and the Chalukyas of Kalyani.
Gangeyadeva was a ruler of the Kalachuri dynasty of Tripuri in central India. His kingdom was centered around the Chedi or Dahala region in present-day Madhya Pradesh.
Lakshmikarna, also known as Karna, was a ruler of the Kalachuri dynasty of Tripuri in central India. His kingdom was centered around the Chedi or Dahala region in present-day Madhya Pradesh.
Gayakarna was a ruler of the Kalachuri dynasty of Tripuri in central India. His kingdom was centered around the Chedi or Dahala region in present-day Madhya Pradesh.
Jayasimha was a ruler of the Kalachuri dynasty of Tripuri in central India. His kingdom was centered around the Chedi or Dahala region in present-day Madhya Pradesh. He unsuccessfully tried to assert his authority over the Kalachuris of Ratnapura, and seems to have suffered a defeat against the Chandelas.
The Kalachuris of Sarayupara were a medieval Indian dynasty who ruled along the banks of the Sarayu river in present-day Uttar Pradesh. Their domain consisted of the present-day Bahraich and Gonda districts.