Kreis Znin was one of many Kreise (counties) in the northern administrative region of Bromberg, in the Prussian province of Posen, from 1887-1919. Its capital was Znin.
Kreis Znin was one of many Kreise (counties) in the northern administrative region of Bromberg, in the Prussian province of Posen, from 1887-1919. Its capital was Znin.
Kreis Znin was created in 1887 out of parts of Kreis Schubin, Kreis Mogilno, and Kreis Wongrowitz. The end of the 19th century was a period of intensive economic development for both urban and rural areas. A sugar factory was built in 1893-94.
Kreis Znin was part of the military command (German: Bezirkskommando) at Gnesen (Gniezno). The main court (German: Landgericht) was in Bromberg (Bydgoszcz), with a lower court (German: Amtsgericht) in the capital city Znin. Each of the cities Gonsawa, Janowitz, Rogowo, and Znin held headquarters of a police district (German: Polizeidistrikt). [1]
Rebels from the territory participated in the Greater Poland Uprising in 1919 after World War I. The Kreis was dissolved in 1919 when the territory became part of the Second Polish Republic. During World War II, the territory of the former Kreis became Landkreis Dietfurt (Wartheland), 1939-1945.
According to the census of 1910, the district had a population of 40,210, of which 29,156 (72.51%) spoke Polish, 10,906 (27.12%) spoke German and 133 (0.33%) identified as bilingual. [2]
A narrow-gauged railway line of the Prussian Eastern Railway through Żnin was completed from 1894-95. The first section of the 600 mm gauge Kleinbahn des Kreises Znin (local line of Znin County) opened from Znin to Rogowo (19.4 km) on 1 July 1894, together with a branch from Biskupin through Gąsawa to Szelejewo (8.2 km). On 9 June 1895 the Rogowo line was extended by 12.3 km to Ośno. In 1908 a branch to Ostrowce was added, and in 1911 a further 15.8 km branch opened to Obiecanowo. In the following year another 5.5 km branch opened to Wola, and in 1913 the Szelejewo line was extended to Grochowiska Szlacheckie. Finally, a 2 km section from Obiecanowo to Żużoły brought the system up to 78 km.
On 1 June 1889, a railway connection to the regular railway network was completed. This provided direct trains to Hohensalza (Inowrocław), Damasławek, and Rogasen (Rogoźno). By 1 November 1895 it was also connected to Bromberg.
The Wenecja Railway Museum opened in 1972, and contains a collection of at least 17 steam locomotives and a variety of rolling stock and other items. It is situated beside the railway, but the display tracks are not connected to the running lines. The railway also runs past the archaeological museum at Biskupin.
Standesamt is the German name of the local civil registration offices which were established in October 1874 soon after the German Empire was formed. Births, marriages and deaths were recorded. Previously, only duplicate copies of church records were used. By 1905, Kreis Znin had the following 13 offices for rural residents: [1]
| Standesamt | Polish Name |
| Birkenfelde | Brzyskorzystew |
| Gonsawa | Gąsawa |
| Gutenwerder | Dobrylewo |
| Herrnkirch | Zrazim |
| Janowitz | Janowiec Wielkopolski |
| Klein Laski | Laski Małe |
| Lasskirch | Laskowo |
| Mittelwalde | Mięcierzyn |
| Podau | Podobowice |
| Rogowo | Rogowo |
| Sartschin | Żarczyn |
| Woycin | Wójcin |
| Znin | Żnin |
Gutenwerder district was created in 1876 from Znin district (Schubin County). Mittelwalde district was created in 1890 from Rogowo district and Klein Laski district was created from Gonsawa district. Herrnkirch district was created in 1899 from Janowitz district. Birkenfelde district was created from Gutenwerder district. Lasskirch district was created in 1905 from Janowitz district and Woycin district was created from Znin district. In addition, the following cities were separate districts for urban residents: Rogowo, Znin.
| Communities | Polish Name | Standesamt |
| Bekanowo | Bekanówka | Birkenfelde |
| Birkenfelde | Brzyskorzystew | Birkenfelde |
| Dochanowo | Dochanowo | Birkenfelde |
| Marienwalde | Birkenfelde | |
| Paulshof | Birkenfelde | |
| Sulinowo | Sulinowo | Birkenfelde |
| Biskupin | Biskupin | Gonsawa |
| Bölkamühle | Bełki | Gonsawa |
| Drewno | Drewno | Gonsawa |
| Folluschmühle | Folusz | Gonsawa |
| Glowy | Głowy | Gonsawa |
| Godawy | Godawy | Gonsawa |
| Gonsawa | Gąsawa | Gonsawa |
| Gonsawka Mühle | Gonsawa | |
| Kiebitzbruch | Gonsawa | |
| Komratowo | Komratowo | Gonsawa |
| Lysinin | Łysinin | Gonsawa |
| Marcinkowo dolne | Marcinkowo Dolne | Gonsawa |
| Marcinkowo gorne | Marcinkowo Górne | Gonsawa |
| Ocwieka | Oćwieka | Gonsawa |
| Osinin | Gonsawa | |
| Pniewy | Pniewy | Gonsawa |
| Propsteivorwerk | Probostwo | Gonsawa |
| Rozagora | Gonsawa | |
| Schelejewo | Szelejewo | Gonsawa |
| Schelejewo Buden | Gonsawa | |
| Schramma Mühle | Gonsawa | |
| Venetia | Wenecja | Gonsawa |
| Welkenhof | Gonsawa | |
| Brzyskorzystewko | Brzyskorzystewko | Gutenwerder |
| Gutenwerder | Dobrylewo | Gutenwerder |
| Jaroschewo | Jaroszewo | Gutenwerder |
| Lawrenzhof | Wawrzynki | Gutenwerder |
| Obersee | Wilczkowo | Gutenwerder |
| Rettschütz | Redczyce | Gutenwerder |
| Sophienfelde | Daronice | Gutenwerder |
| Herrnkirch | Zrazim | Herrnkirch |
| Marienfeld | Obiecanowo | Herrnkirch |
| Skorken | Skórki | Herrnkirch |
| Tonndorf | Tonowo | Herrnkirch |
| Welna | Wełna | Herrnkirch |
| Wiesensee | Żużoły | Herrnkirch |
| Zerniki | Żerniki | Herrnkirch |
| Bilau | Bielawy | Janowitz |
| Brudzin | Brudzyń | Janowitz |
| Dembietz | Dębiec | Janowitz |
| Dziekczyn | Dziekszyn | Janowitz |
| Janowitz | Janowiec Wielkopolski | Janowitz |
| Koldromb | Kołdrąb | Janowitz |
| Kopiec | Janowitz | |
| Lapay | Łapaj | Janowitz |
| Poslau | Posługowo | Janowitz |
| Puzdrowitz | Puzdrowiec | Janowitz |
| Robertowo | Janowitz | |
| Sarbinowko | Sarbinowko | Janowitz |
| Wloschanowo | Włoszanowo | Janowitz |
| Wybranowo | Wybranowo | Janowitz |
| Annowo | Annowo | Klein Laski |
| Eitelsdorf | Nowa Wieś Pałucka | Klein Laski |
| Friedrichswalde | Laski Wielkie | Klein Laski |
| Grzmionca | Grzmiąca | Klein Laski |
| Klein Laski | Laski Małe | Klein Laski |
| Komsdorf | Chomiąża Szlachecka | Klein Laski |
| Obudno | Obudno | Klein Laski |
| Ostrowce | Ostrówce | Klein Laski |
| Piastowo | Piastowo | Klein Laski |
| Rosalinowo | Rozalinowo | Klein Laski |
| Wiktorowo | Wiktorowo | Klein Laski |
| Gontsch | Gącz | Lasskirch |
| Kwasuty | Lasskirch | |
| Lasskirch | Laskowo | Lasskirch |
| Minchau | Miniszewo | Lasskirch |
| Oschnau | Ośno | Lasskirch |
| Retsch | Recz | Lasskirch |
| Schwichowo | Lasskirch | |
| Biskupitzmühle | Biskupiec | Mittelwalde |
| Bozacin | Bożacin | Mittelwalde |
| Budzislaw | Budzisław | Mittelwalde |
| Cegielnia | Cegielnia | Mittelwalde |
| Coton | Cotoń | Mittelwalde |
| Fennbrück | Gołaźnia | Mittelwalde |
| Goscheschin | Gościeszyn | Mittelwalde |
| Goscheschinek | Gościeszynek | Mittelwalde |
| Jeziora | Jeziora | Mittelwalde |
| Langfurth | Długi Bród | Mittelwalde |
| Mittelwalde | Mięcierzyn | Mittelwalde |
| Rehhorst | Sarnówko | Mittelwalde |
| Sturmhof | Mięcierzyn-Leśniczówka | Mittelwalde |
| Bogdarka | Podau | |
| Cerekwica | Cerekwica | Podau |
| Gorzyce | Gorzyce | Podau |
| Gosslerhof | Świątkowo | Podau |
| Juncewo | Juncewo | Podau |
| Katschkowo | Kaczkowo | Podau |
| Kornthal | Ustaszewo | Podau |
| Paryz | Paryż | Podau |
| Piotrkowitz | Piotrkowice | Podau |
| Podau | Podobowice | Podau |
| Rosenfelde | Słabomierz | Podau |
| Sielec | Sielec | Podau |
| Slawoschewo | Slawoszewo | Podau |
| Slembowo | Słębowo | Podau |
| Sommerfeld | Kaczkówko | Podau |
| Stawek | Podau | |
| Swierczewo | Świerczewo | Podau |
| Wieneck | Uszikowo | Podau |
| Borek | Rogowo | |
| Friedrichshöhe | Czewujewo | Rogowo |
| Galenschewo | Gałęzewo | Rogowo |
| Galensewko | Gałęzewko | Rogowo |
| Glembitz | Leśnictwo Głęboczek | Rogowo |
| Gostombka | Gostomka | Rogowo |
| Grochowiska (Adlig) | Grochowiska Szlacheckie | Rogowo |
| Grochowiska (Königlich) | Grochowiska Księże | Rogowo |
| Gutfelde | Złotniki | Rogowo |
| Hermannshof | Szkółki | Rogowo |
| Johannisgrün | Łaziska | Rogowo |
| Kerngrund | Leśnictwo Oćwieka | Rogowo |
| Kostkowo | Rogowo | |
| Lubtsch | Lubcz | Rogowo |
| Lubtsch rudonek | Rudunek | Rogowo |
| Neitwalde | Niedźwiady | Rogowo |
| Ochodza (Adlig) | Rogowo | |
| Ottensund | Izdebno | Rogowo |
| Narajewo | Rogowo | |
| Roggenau | Rogówko | Rogowo |
| Rom | Rzym | Rogowo |
| Ryschewko | Ryszewko | Rogowo |
| Ryschewo | Ryszewo | Rogowo |
| Taubenwalde | Nadleśnictwo Gołąbki | Rogowo |
| Ustron | Ustroń | Rogowo |
| Viktorowo | Wiktorowo | Rogowo |
| Weldin | Wiewiórczyn | Rogowo |
| Wola | Wola | Rogowo |
| Zalesie | Zalesie | Rogowo |
| Zurawiniec | Rogowo | |
| Alexandrowo | Aleksandrowo | Sartschin |
| Birkholz | Sartschin | |
| Clarashof | Nadborowo | Sartschin |
| Eckardtsfelde | Sartschin | |
| Graboschewo | Graboszewo | Sartschin |
| Lindenbruck | Dziewierzewo | Sartschin |
| Ludwikowo | Sartschin | |
| Miastowitz | Miastowice | Sartschin |
| Ruschetz | Rusiec | Sartschin |
| Sartschin | Żarczyn | Sartschin |
| Srebrnagora | Srebrna Góra | Sartschin |
| Chomionza (Geistlich) | Chomiąża Księża | Woycin |
| Jadownik | Jadowniki Rycerskie | Woycin |
| Kierschkowo | Kierzkowo | Woycin |
| Plebonka | Woycin | |
| Woycin | Wójcin | Woycin |
| Balschau | Znin | |
| Bergen | Znin | |
| Bialoschewin | Białożewin | Znin |
| Boschwitz | Bożejewice | Znin |
| Bozejewiczki | Bożejewiczki | Znin |
| Gogulkowo | Gogółkowo | Znin |
| Gora | Góra | Znin |
| Januschkowo | Januszkowo | Znin |
| Murtschin | Murczyn | Znin |
| Podgorschin | Podgórzyn | Znin |
| Rydlewo | Rydlewo | Znin |
| Sarbinowo | Sarbinowo | Znin |
| Skarbinitz | Skarbienice | Znin |
| Wartenberg | Jadowniki Bielskie | Znin |
In 1905, these Catholic parish churches served towns in Kreis Znin:
| Birkenfelde | Gorzyce | Janowitz | Lindenbrück | Ottensund | Srebrnagora |
| Cerekwica | Goscheschin | Juncewo | Lopienno | Rogowo | Venetia |
| Gonsawa | Goßlerhof | Koldromb | Lubtsch | Ryschewko | Zerniki |
| Gora | Hedwigshorst | Komsdorf | Niestronno | Schepanowo | Znin |
In 1905, these Protestant parish churches served towns in Kreis Znin:
| Bartschin | Hallkirch | Josephowo | Lindenbrück | Znin |
| Exin | Herrnkirch | Kaisersfelde | Rogowo | |
| Groß Mirkowitz | Janowitz | Lasskirch | Zinsdorf |
Bromberg was the northern of two Prussian government regions, or Regierungsbezirke, of the Grand Duchy of Posen (1815–1848) and its successor, the Province of Posen (1848–1919). The administrative center was the city of Bromberg (Bydgoszcz), which is now part of Poland.
Posen was the southern of two Prussian administrative regions, or Regierungsbezirke, of the Grand Duchy of Posen (1815–1849) and its successor, the Province of Posen (1849–1918). The administrative region was bordered on the north by Regierungsbezirk Bromberg, to the west by the Province of Brandenburg, to the south by the Silesia Province, and to the east by Russian Congress Poland.
The Bromberg district was a Prussian district that existed from 1772 to 1807 and then from 1815 to 1920. It initially belonged to the Netze District and from 1815 it was part of Regierungsbezirk Bromberg in the Grand Duchy of Posen and from 1848, the Prussian Province of Posen. The city of Bromberg was detached from the district and formed its own urban district since 1875. Today, the territory of the district is part of the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship in Poland.
Kreis Filehne was a district in Regierungsbezirk Bromberg, in the Prussian Province of Posen from 1887 to 1920.
Kreis Gnesen was one of several districts of Prussia in the northern administrative district of Bromberg, in the Prussian province of Posen.
Kreis Hohensalza ([ˌhoːənˈzalt͡sa]) was one of many Kreise (districts) in the northern administrative region of Bromberg, in the Prussian province of Posen from 1815 to 1919. Its capital was Hohensalza (Inowrocław).
The Kreis Kolmar in Posen was a district in the northern government region of Bromberg, in the Prussian Province of Posen, from 1818 to 1920. The district capital was Kolmar in Posen.
Kreis Mogilno was one of many Kreise (counties) in the northern administrative region of Bromberg, in the Prussian province of Posen, from 1815 to 1919. Its capital was Mogilno.
Kreis Schubin was one of many Kreise (counties) in the northern administrative region of Bromberg, in the Prussian province of Posen, from 1815 to 1919. Its capital was Schubin (Szubin).
Kreis Strelno was a district in Regierungsbezirk Bromberg in the Prussian Province of Posen, from 1886 to 1919.
Kreis Wirsitz was one of 14 or 15 Kreise in the northern administrative district of Bromberg, in the Prussian province of Posen. The county existed with essentially the same boundaries beginning in 1815 as a German Kreise then from 1919 as a Polish Powiat until 1975. Its administrative center was the town of Wyrzysk (Wirsitz). The county contained additional municipalities such as Bialosliwie, Lobzenica (Lobsens), Miasteczko Krajeńskie (Friedheim), Mrocza (Mrotschen), Nakło nad Notecią (Nakel), Sadki and Wysoka (Wissek) plus over 100 villages. Many villages that had Germanic names were changed to completely different Polish names following World War II, such as Radzicz. In 1954 the central government abolished the commune as the smallest unit of government, dividing the county into 28 clusters. In 1973 municipalities were restored. After the administrative reform of 1975, the territory of the county was divided between the new (lower) region of Bydgoszcz and the region Piła. The territory of the defunct county was annexed by Naklo County, Kujavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship and Pila County, Greater Poland Voivodeship. Wyrzysk was incorporated into Piła County.
Kreis Wongrowitz was one of several districts in the northern administrative region of Bromberg, in the Prussian province of Posen.
Łabiszyn is a small town in Żnin County, in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship in Poland, with 4,452 inhabitants (2010). It is located on the Noteć river near Żnin, on the border between the historic regions of Pałuki and Kuyavia.
Żnin is a town in north-central Poland with a population of 14,181. It is in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship and is the capital of Żnin County. The historical town, initially established in the 11th century, is situated in the historic land of Pałuki and the Gniezno Lake Area on the river Gąsawka.
The history of rail transport in Poland dates back to the first half of the 19th century when railways were built under Prussian, Russian, and Austrian rule. Of course, "divided Poland" in the 19th century was the territory of the former Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth rather than today's Republic of Poland. After Polish independence was declared on 11 November 1918, the independent Polish state administered its own railways until control was surrendered to German and Soviet occupiers during World War II.
Narrow Gauge Railway Museum in Wenecja is an open-air museum collecting and exhibiting steam locomotives, passenger and freight cars, trolleys, railwaymen's tools, signalling equipment, contents of an old waiting room, old maps. The Narrow Gauge Railway Museum is a department of the Muzeum Ziemi Pałuckiej and was established in 1972 at a suggestion of enthusiasts of the Pałuki region, of which Żnin is considered the capital. The Museum has collected numerous steam locomotives. One of the oldest is the German one made by Orenstein & Koppel in Berlin in 1900. The Tx-1116 locomotive made by Henschel & Son and the Tx4-564 locomotive made by Hanomag are also very interesting. A real rarity is the Belgian locomotive No.2179 made by Les Ateliers Metallurgiques Nivelles with the unique wheel arrangement 4-6-2 ("Pacific"), and the only one which has steam brakes. There are also steam locomotives made in the First Polish Locomotive Plant in Chrzanów, including active Px38.
Wenecja is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Żnin, within Żnin County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) south-east of Żnin and 38 km (24 mi) south-west of Bydgoszcz.
Kreis Witkowo was a district in Regierungsbezirk Bromberg, in the Prussian province of Posen, from 1887 to 1919.
The Prussian Eastern Railway was a railway in the Kingdom of Prussia and later Germany until 1918. Its main route, approximately 740 kilometers (460 mi) long, connected the capital, Berlin, with the cities of Danzig and Königsberg. At Eydtkuhnen it reached the German Empire's border with the Russian Empire. The first part of the line opened in 1851, reaching Eydtkuhnen in 1860. By March 1880 the total route length reached 2,210 kilometers (1,370 mi), with a main parallel route in the south via Bromberg and Thorn to Insterburg. The lines were the first part of the later Prussian State Railways.
Gmina Gąsawa is an urban-rural gmina in Żnin County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Gąsawa, which lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) south of Żnin and 43 km (27 mi) south-west of Bydgoszcz.
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