| Kushtau | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Geography | |
 | |
| Location | Ishimbaysky District, Bashkortostan, Russia |
| Parent range | Southern Ural |
Kushtau (Bashkir : Ҡуштау — «twin mountain») – is a shihan hill located in Ishimbaysky District along with Sterlitamak city's border, Russia. The mountain is a reef of an ancient tropical sea of the Lower Permian (Late Paleozoic) period formed over 230 million years ago.
In 2018 the mountain was intended to be developed as quarry to extract chalk by local authorities. The Bashkir soda company was interested in buying mining rights, [1] [2] but the development plan was protested by a group of local eco-activists, who prevented it from getting access to the mountain. Despite an outcry of the Bashkir public, the Shihan's rights of mining were transferred by Radiy Habirov, at the time the head of Bashkortostan, to the Bashkir soda company. [3] In 2020 however after long confrontation between local activists and authorities the latter suspended their mining plans and formally called sides to make a compromise over the mountain's future by offering a new plan to designate the mountain as national reserve for the nature conservation purpose. [4]
Length - 4 km, width 700–1400 m, height - above the soil level - 251 m, the absolute height above the sea level - 357 m.
The Ural Mountains, or simply the Urals, are a mountain range in Eurasia that runs north–south mostly through the Russian Federation, from the coast of the Arctic Ocean to the river Ural and northwestern Kazakhstan. The mountain range forms part of the conventional boundary between the continents of Europe and Asia, marking the separation between European Russia and Siberia. Vaygach Island and the islands of Novaya Zemlya form a further continuation of the chain to the north into the Arctic Ocean. The average altitudes of the Urals are around 1,000–1,300 metres (3,300–4,300 ft), the highest point being Mount Narodnaya, which reaches a height of 1,894 metres (6,214 ft).
Mean sea level is an average surface level of one or more among Earth's coastal bodies of water from which heights such as elevation may be measured. The global MSL is a type of vertical datum – a standardised geodetic datum – that is used, for example, as a chart datum in cartography and marine navigation, or, in aviation, as the standard sea level at which atmospheric pressure is measured to calibrate altitude and, consequently, aircraft flight levels. A common and relatively straightforward mean sea-level standard is instead a long-term average of tide gauge readings at a particular reference location.
Bashkortostan or Bashkiria, officially the Republic of Bashkortostan, is a republic of Russia between the Volga river and the Ural Mountains in Eastern Europe. The republic borders Perm Krai to the north, Sverdlovsk Oblast to the northeast, Chelyabinsk Oblast to the east, Orenburg Oblast to the south, Tatarstan to the west and Udmurtia to the northwest. It covers 143,600 square kilometres and has a population of 4 million. It is the seventh-most populous federal subject in Russia and the most populous republic. Its capital and largest city is Ufa.
Black Mountain is the highest mountain peak in the Commonwealth of Kentucky, United States, with a summit elevation of 4,145 feet (1,263 m) above mean sea level and a top-to-bottom height of over 2,500 feet (760 m). The summit is located at approximately 36°54′51″N82°53′38″W in Harlan County, Kentucky near the Virginia border, just above the towns of Lynch, Kentucky and Appalachia, Virginia. It is alternatively known as Katahrin's Mountain, and is about 500 feet (150 m) taller than any other mountain in Kentucky.
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Sterlitamak is the second largest city in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia, located on the left bank of the Belaya River, 121 kilometers (75 mi) from Ufa. The city's name comes from the Bashkir language and literally means "mouth of the Sterlya river". According to data released by Bashstat, Sterlitamak had a population of 277,410 at the time of the census. Permanent population of Sterlitamak as of January 1, 2023 amounted to 279,174 people.
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Norilsk Nickel, or Nornickel, is a Russian nickel and palladium mining and smelting company. Its largest operations are located in the Norilsk–Talnakh area near the Yenisei River in the north of Siberia. It also has holdings in Nikel, Zapolyarny, and Monchegorsk on the Kola Peninsula, in Harjavalta in western Finland, and in South Africa.
The Head of the Republic of Bashkortostan is the highest executive position in the Republic of Bashkortostan, a federal subject of the Russian Federation. The Head is the republic's regional head of state and head of government.
Shakhtau - one of the four shihans, located in Ishimbaysky District, on the border with the Shakhtau microdistrict of the city Sterlitamak. The name of the mountain has several variations: Shachtau, Shaketau, Ashak-tau, Tsar-Gora.
Yuraktau is one of the four shihans, located in Ishimbaysky District, on the border with the city Sterlitamak. It is a remainder of a reef, the Lower Permian reef massif, formed over 230 million years ago in the tropical sea.
Turataw - one of the four shihans, located in Ishimbaysky District, on the border with the city Sterlitamak. The remainder of the reef, the Lower Permian reef massif, formed over 230 million years ago in the tropical sea.
Radiy Faritovich Khabirov is a Russian politician and statesman. He is the current Head of the Republic of Bashkortostan since 11 October 2018; he is also the Candidate of Law, Honored Lawyer of the Republic of Bashkortostan. He is a member of United Russia.
Seabed mining, also known as Seafloor mining is the recovery of minerals from the seabed by techniques of underwater mining. The concept includes mining at shallow depths on the continental shelf and deep-sea mining at greater depths associated with tectonic activity, hydrothermal vents and the abyssal plains. The increased requirement for minerals and metals used in the technology sector has led to a renewed interest in the mining of seabed mineral resources, including massive polymetallic sulfide deposits around hydrothermal vents, cobalt-rich crusts on the sides of seamounts and fields of manganese nodules on the abyssal plains. While the seabed provides a high concentration of valuable minerals, there is an unknown risk of ecological damage on marine species because of a lack of data.
Height above mean sea level is a measure of a location's vertical distance in reference to a vertical datum based on a historic mean sea level. In geodesy, it is formalized as orthometric height. The zero level varies in different countries due to different reference points and historic measurement periods. Climate change and other forces can cause sea levels and elevations to vary over time.
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Fail Fattakhovich Alsynov is a Bashkir nationalist and local political activist known for his advocacy for nature protection, ethnic identity, and language preservation in Bashkortostan.
Ravil Tukhvatovich Bikbaev was a prominent Bashkir poet and writer, literary scholar, and public figure. He was honored as the People’s Poet of Bashkortostan in 1993 and held a Doctorate in Philological sciences since 1996. Bikbaev was also recognized as a Distinguished Scientist of the Republic of Bashkortostan (1992), a Distinguished Cultural Worker of the Chuvash Republic, and an Honorary Citizen of Ufa. In 2009, he became a Corresponding Member of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Additionally, he was a professor and served as a deputy and Chairman of the Committee on Education, Science, Culture, Sports, and Youth Affairs in The State Assembly — Kurultai of the Republic of Bashkortostan (2008–2013). Bikbaev was also one of the co-authors of the National Anthem of the Republic of Bashkortostan.