Kuwaiti political gridlock

Last updated

Kuwaiti political gridlock (2020–2024)
Date15 December 2020 — 10 May 2024
LocationFlag of Kuwait.svg  Kuwait
Cause
  • Rivalry for succession within the ruling Al Sabah dynasty. [1] [2]
  • Opposition politicians re-entering the electoral process in 2020, after having allegedly boycotted the elections in 2012 and 2013.
  • Demands for populist measures like wage and subsidy increases from elected MPs, set against a cabinet aiming for austerity and structural reforms. [3] [4]
Outcome
  • Four year dissolution of parliament on 10 May 2024
  • Appointment of Crown Prince on 1 June 2024
  • Planned amendment of the Kuwait Constitution

The Kuwaiti political gridlock, which extended from 2020 to May 2024, was marked by a persistent standoff between the appointed cabinet and the elected parliament in Kuwait. This crisis was set against a backdrop of successive internal succession crises within the ruling Al Sabah family, beginning with the death of Emir Sabah Al Ahmad in 2020. Leadership transitioned to his half-brother Nawaf, who died in 2023, subsequently elevating Mishal Al Sabah to the role of emir. Before June 1, 2024, Mishal, the last surviving member of his generation and a son of Ahmad Al Jaber Al-Sabah, had not appointed a successor. [5] [6]

Contents

Under the constitution, the emir appoints the prime minister, with members of the Al Sabah family traditionally holding key cabinet portfolios, including the prime ministership. Additionally, the emir appoints the crown prince, who must receive approval from at least 50% of the elected parliamentarians. This entrenched practice fueled the political stalemate, as next-generation succession candidates used populist strategies to gain parliamentary support for their bids for the emirate. Figures such as Sheikh Nasser Sabah Al-Ahmad and Sheikh Ahmad Al-Nawaf, both sons of former emirs, have used such strategies against their rivals during their fathers’ reigns to secure parliamentary backing in their pursuit of the emirate. These tactics frequently involved the selective prosecution of rivals on corruption charges, granting pardons for supporters, and sweeping personnel changes across government levels to forge alliances within both the ruling family and the parliament. Specifically, Nasser’s efforts targeted Jaber Al-Mubararak during his term as Prime Minister, while Ahmad’s strategies were directed against Sabah Al-Khaled when he held the prime ministership, with both targets also being potential candidates for the Crown Prince position due to their age, kinship, and previous experience as Prime Minister. [5] [7] [2] [4]

This crisis had significantly impacted Kuwait’s political landscape, resulting in the appointment of four different prime ministers, the dissolution of parliament three times, the annulment of one parliamentary session, and the formation of ten different cabinets over three years. [8] [4] [3]

The crisis concluded on May 10, 2024, when Emir Mishal Al Ahmad announced the dissolution of parliament for up to four years, the suspension of some constitutional articles, and introduced a plan to revise and amend the constitution to mitigate future political dysfunction. [9] Subsequently, on June 1, 2024, Emir Mishal appointed Sheikh Sabah Al-Khalid Al-Hamad Al-Sabah as Crown Prince, definitively ending the political gridlock and feuding within the ruling family. [5] [6]

Ruling family succession feud

Article 4 of the Kuwaiti Constitution mandates that the nomination of a crown prince by the emir must receive approval from over 50% of the parliament, a requirement that has brought internal disputes into the public and parliamentary sphere, moving beyond mere palace intrigue. Kuwaiti political scientist Mohammed Alwuhaib contends that members of the Al Sabah family have engaged in the manipulation of political and economic factions to undermine one another, with rival sheikhs frequently employing accusations of corruption as a strategy. [7] [2]

Nasser Al-Mohammed and Ahmad Al-Fahad feud

Beginning in late 2010, parliamentarians supportive of Prime Minister Sheikh Nasser Al-Mohamed initiated criticisms against Sheikh Ahmad Al Fahad. In November of that year, MP Adel Al-Saraawi charged Sheikh Ahmad in the Kuwaiti parliament with creating an unauthorized, shadow government within Kuwait. The situation was intensified by the appointment of his brother, Sheikh Athbi Al-Fahad Al-Sabah, as the head of the Kuwait State Security apparatus, suggesting Sheikh Ahmad had influence beyond his designated governmental duties. [10] By March 2011, MPs Marzouq Al-Ghanim and Adel Al-Saraawi proposed an inquiry into Sheikh Ahmad, at that time the deputy prime minister, concerning alleged mismanagement of government contracts. These developments resulted in Sheikh Ahmad's resignation from his government positions by June 2011. [11] [12]

In August 2011, allies of Ahmad Al-Fahad unearthed documents implicating as many as one-third of the members of parliament in what swiftly emerged as the most significant political corruption scandal in Kuwait's history. By October of the same year, allegations had surfaced against 16 MPs, accusing them of accepting payments totaling $350 million in exchange for their backing of government policies. [13] [11]

Also in October 2011, MP Musallam Al-Barrack, an ally of Ahmad Al-Fahad, claimed that significant sums of Kuwaiti dinars had been funneled from Kuwait's Ministry of Foreign Affairs to the foreign bank accounts of Prime Minister Nasser Al-Mohammed. This accusation prompted the resignation of the Foreign Minister, Dr. Mohammed Al-Sabah, the last representative of the Al-Salem branch within the Sabah family, as a form of protest. Nasser Al-Mohammed refuted these claims, asserting that "all transfers were conducted in the interests of Kuwait without any personal gain." He was later cleared of these allegations by a special judicial tribunal in Kuwait. [14] [11]

Resignation of Nasser Al-Mohammed and Appointment of Jaber Al-Mubarak as Prime Minister

Large-scale political demonstrations in November 2011 prompted Emir Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah to accept the resignation of Nasser Al-Mohammed on November 28, 2011. [15] Following this, he appointed the then-outgoing Defense Minister, Sheikh Jaber Al-Mubarak, as Prime Minister. [16]

Fake Coup video and Ahmad Al-Fahad fraud conviction

In December 2013, supporters of Ahmad Al-Fahad asserted they had tapes allegedly showing Nasser Al-Mohammed and former Parliament Speaker Jassem Al-Kharafi planning to overthrow the Kuwaiti government. This incident came to be known as the Kuwait Complaint (Arabic : بلاغ الكويت). Ahmad Al-Fahad discussed these allegations on Al-Watan TV. [17] [18] [19]

In response to these allegations, the Kuwaiti public prosecutor initiated an investigation in April 2014, enforcing a comprehensive media blackout to prevent any discussion or reporting on the matter. [20] To persuade the public prosecutor of the tapes' authenticity, Ahmad Al-Fahad and his associates orchestrated a fake legal confrontation in Switzerland. This involved backdating documents and using a Delaware-based shell company they controlled. This sham arbitration, later exposed as fraudulent in Swiss courts, was submitted to the High Court in London to assist in validating the tapes. [21]

By March 2015, the Kuwaiti public prosecutor had ceased all inquiries into the alleged coup attempt, and Ahmad Al-Fahad publicly withdrew his accusations on Kuwait state television. [22] Simultaneously, Athbi Al-Fahad, Ahmad's brother and former head of state security, along with associates known as the "Fintas Group," embarked on a campaign of misinformation. They produced and circulated a low-quality video falsely showing the head of the constitutional court accepting a bribe, suggesting this influenced the public prosecutor's decision to halt the investigation. Subsequently, Athbi Al-Fahad and the Fintas Group members were legally prosecuted and found guilty for their involvement in these acts. [23] [24] [25]

In November 2018, Ahmed and four co-defendants were charged in Switzerland with forgery connected to their involvement in fabricating an arbitration in Switzerland to validate their spurious video alleging a coup plot. [26] This action followed a criminal complaint filed by the legal representatives of Nasser Al-Mohammad and Jassem Al-Kharafi. [27] [28]

Sheikh Ahmed was convicted of forgery on September 10, 2021, alongside the four other individuals involved, receiving a sentence of 30 months in prison, with half of the sentence suspended. [29] [30] [31]

Appointment of Sabah Al-Khaled as Prime Minister

In November 2019, Sheikh Khaled Al Jarrah Al Sabah, the former Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Interior of Kuwait, was removed from his position following allegations by Nasser Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah, the Minister of Defense. The allegations were presented to the Kuwaiti Attorney General, accusing the Prime Minister Sheikh Jaber Al-Mubarak and the Defense Minister Sheikh Khaled of embezzling 240 million Kuwaiti dinars (approximately $794.5 million) from government funds during his tenure as Minister of Defense. [32] Sheikh Jaber Al Mubarak resigned as Prime Minister, but upon reappointment by the emir, he declined the position, stating his desire to first clear his name in court. [33] [34] [35] [36] Following this, Emir Sabah appointed the then-outgoing Foreign Minister, Sheikh Sabah Al-Khaled, as Prime Minister. [37]

Parliamentary politics

Modification of the electoral system and opposition boycott

On 21 June 2012, the Constitutional Court annulled the opposition-majority parliamentary session elected in February 2012. [38] Subsequently, Emir Sabah Al-Ahmad issued a decree modifying the voting system for Kuwaiti citizens from four non-transferable votes to a single non-transferable vote. This adjustment led to the opposition boycotting the December 2012 and 2013 parliamentary elections. [39]

Populist opposition to economic reform

Under the speakership of Marzouq Al-Ghanim, the 14th and 15th sessions passed some unpopular laws. In June 2016, parliament passed a lèse-majesté law that banned citizens who defamed the dignity of the emir from running in elections. [40] This law disqualified multiple opposition members like Musallam Al-Barrak and Bader Al-Dahoum from running for office. In August 2016, as part of economic reforms aimed at countering falling oil revenues, parliament approved a bill that increased heavily subsidised gasoline prices, some of the lowest globally, by 40-80%. This marked the first time gas prices were raised in 50 years. [41]

Sabah Al-Khaled Premiership (December 2020 to June 2022)

In the December 2020 parliamentary election, two-thirds of the incumbents lost their seats. On December 11, 40 MPs jointly announced their intention to vote for Bader Al-Humaidi to replace Marzouq Al-Ghanim as speaker of parliament. [42]

Al-Khalid’s government elects Al-Ghanim

On December 15, 2020, during the opening session of parliament, Marzouq Al-Ghanim was elected as speaker with 33 votes, including 16 from cabinet members, outvoting Al-Humaidi who received 28 votes. [43] Al-Ghanim’s election led to discontent between some elected MPs leading to a request to interpolate Al-Khalid as head of government. The interpolation was requested by MPs Al-Dahoum, Al-Suwait, and Al-Otaibi. Al-Suwait stated that Sabah Al-Khalid put forward his interests instead of the interests of the people, and 31 MPs supported the interpolation. [44] [45] On 18 January 2021, Sabah Al-Khalid’s government resigned after staying in office for one month and four days. [46]

The Opposition rejects to cooperate with Al-Khalid

On 2 March 2021, Al-Khalid formed a new cabinet. [47] Later that month, on March 31, Al-Khalid’s government was sworn in during a session that was boycotted by opposition members, resulting in the attendance of only 33 members, including Al-Khalid and his 16 ministers, out of a total of 65. During this session, Al-Khalid requested a postponement of all his current and future interrogations until after the conclusion of the second parliamentary session, a request that was approved by the attending MPs. Additionally, the session included the declaration of the vacancy of Bader Al-Dahoum’s parliamentary seat, which was the primary reason for the opposition’s boycott. [48]

On 13 April 2021, opposition members introduced a motion to cancel the postponement of Al-Khalid’s interrogations. The motion was defeated by 33 of the 60 attending members. Chaos ensued during the vote as opposition members protested the rejection at the podium. Mohammed Al-Mutair escalated the situation by using a megaphone to shout, “This request shouldn’t pass!” while Saleh Al-Shallahi attempted to take a polling paper from the secretary-general. On April 28, opposition members occupied the government ministers’ designated seats in parliament, demanding that Al-Khalid appear at the “interpolation podium.” This led the government to boycott and subsequently abandon the session. [49] The opposition continued this tactic on May 25, maintaining their sit-in on the government seats, which prolonged the government’s boycott. [50]

Al-Wasmi succeeds Al-Dahoum

On 8 June 2014, Bader Al-Dahoum was sentenced to one year and eight months in jail after insulting the emir Sabah Al-Ahmad. [51] After Al-Dahoum was voted into office, the validity of candidacy was questioned by the Constitutional Court. [52] On the 15 March 2021, the constitutional court annulled Al-Dahoum's candidacy after he violated the candidacy laws passed two years after his speech. [53]

On 23 April 2021, Obaid Al-Wasmi announced that he was going to run a by-election for Al-Dahoum’s vacated seat. [54] Multiple opposition MPs welcomed Al-Wasmi’s announcement including Abdulkarim Al-Kanderi, Marzouq Al-Khalifa, and Bader Al-Dahoum himself. [55] In the by-election held on May 21, Obaid Al-Wasmi got a historic 93% of the total votes amounting to 43,810 votes. [56] Obaid’s number of votes broke Musallam Al-Barrak’s number in the February 2012 election of 31,263 votes. However, it is important to note that this comparison is not entirely equivalent, as Obaid participated in a by-election for a single seat, while Al-Barrak competed in a general election.

Kuwaiti National Dialogue

Thirteen days before the opening of the second session on 26 October 2021, Emir Nawaf Al-Ahmad invited opposition members and the government into a national dialogue in hopes that both branches would cooperate in the next session. [57] On 8 October, the emir pardoned multiple opposition members who resided in Türkiye. Musllam Al-Barrak, Salem Al-Namlan, Jamaan Al-Harbash, Faisal Al-Muslim, and others were all part of the emir’s pardon list. [58] Controversially, the pardon also included twenty Kuwaiti citizens who were part of the Abdali Terrorist Cell case. A “cell” that was affiliated with Hezbollah which stored weapons in the town of Abdali. [59] On 24 October, Marzouq Al-Ghanim and Sabah Al-Khalid were appointed to a committee for future Amiri Pardons. [60]

On 28 December 2021, as part of the National Dialogue, Prime Minister Sabah Al-Khalid announced the inclusion of several Members of Parliament in his new cabinet. The MPs appointed to the 39th cabinet included Essa Al-Kandari, Mohammed Al-Rajhi, Hamad Rouheddine, and Mubarak Al-Arou. The dialogue created a lasting division among opposition members, with some, such as Mohammed Al-Mutair, rejecting cooperation with Speaker Marzouq Al-Ghanim, while others, like Obaid Al-Wasmi, participated in the dialogue efforts.

Al-Khalid’s fourth resignation

During the National Dialogue, the decision to postpone all interrogations of Prime Minister Sabah Al-Khalid was reversed. On 29 March 2022, MPs Muhannad Al-Sayer, Muhalhal Al-Mudhaf, and Hassan Jawhar submitted a request to interpolate Prime Minister Sabah Al-Khalid. [61] This interrogation escalated into the threat of a no-confidence vote, which was supported by 26 MPs and resulted in Al-Khalid’s resignation on 5 April 2022. His government lasted for 99 days before Nawaf Al-Ahmad accepted his resignation on 10 May 2022. [62]

2022 MP Sit-in and parliament dissolution

In protest against Al-Khalid's delay in forming his government, on 15 June 2022, 17 members of parliament organized an overnight sit-in at their parliament offices. The participating MPs demanded the restoration of political life in Kuwait, which they argued had been disrupted during Sabah Al-Khalid’s tenure as prime minister. [63]

On 22 June, Crown Prince Mishal Al-Ahmad announced his intention to dissolve parliament after rising tensions between both sides. [64] This ended the sit-in on the same day. [65]

Ahmad Al-Nawaf Premiership (July 2022 - December 2023)

On 24 July 2022, an Amiri decree issued by the Crown Prince, acting on behalf of the Emir, appointed the Emir’s eldest son Sheikh Ahmad Nawaf Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah as Kuwait's Prime Minister. [66] On 28 August, the Kuwaiti Cabinet led by Ahmad Nawaf Al-Sabah approved the decree calling for elections on 29 September. [67]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">House of Sabah</span> The ruling dynasty of Kuwait

The House of Sabah is the ruling family of Kuwait.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Emir of Kuwait</span> Head of state

The Emir of the State of Kuwait is the monarch and head of state of Kuwait, and is the country's most powerful office. The emirs of Kuwait are members of the Al Sabah dynasty.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">House of Thani</span> The ruling dynasty of Qatar

The House of Thani is the ruling family of Qatar, with origins tracing back to the Adnanite Banu Tamim tribe. Today Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani and his mother Moza bint Nassir lead the house.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mohammad Sabah Al-Salem Al-Sabah</span> Kuwaiti royal and former Prime Minister (born 1955)

His Highness Sheikh Dr. Mohammad Sabah Al-Salem Al-Sabah is a senior member of the Kuwaiti royal family and has held various key positions as a politician, economist, and diplomat. He served as the Prime Minister of Kuwait from 17 January 2024 to 15 May 2024. Prior to his premiership, he was the Deputy Prime Minister of Kuwait, contributing significantly to the nation’s governance and international relations.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nawaf Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah</span> Emir of Kuwait from 2020 to 2023

Sheikh Nawaf Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah was Emir of Kuwait from 2020 until his death in 2023.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nasser Al-Mohammed Al-Sabah</span> 6th Prime Minister of the State of Kuwait

Nasser Al-Mohammed Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah is a Kuwaiti politician who served as Prime Minister of Kuwait from 7 February 2006 until resigning on 28 November 2011.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ahmad Al-Fahad Al-Ahmed Al-Sabah</span> Kuwaiti politician

Sheikh Ahmad Al-Fahad Al-Ahmed Al-Jaber Al-Sabah, also known as Ahmad Al-Fahad, is a controversial Kuwaiti politician, ruling family member, and disgraced former sports administrator.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jaber Al-Mubarak Al-Hamad Al-Sabah</span> Kuwaiti royal and politician (1942–2024)

Sheikh Jaber Al-Mubarak Al-Hamad Al-Sabah was a Kuwaiti royal and politician who served as the prime minister of Kuwait from 2011 to 2019. He previously served as minister of defense as well as deputy prime minister. In April 2021 a Kuwaiti court ordered his detention on corruption charges.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah</span> Ruler of the Sheikhdom of Kuwait from 1921 to 1950

Damat Sheikh Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah was the tenth ruler of the Sheikhdom of Kuwait from 29 March 1921 until his death on 29 January 1950. He was the longest reigning ruler of Kuwait having reigned for a total 28 years and 305 days.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah</span> Emir of Kuwait from 2006 to 2020

Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah was the Emir of Kuwait from 24 January 2006 until his death in 2020.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mishal Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah</span> Emir of Kuwait since 2023

Mishal Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah is Emir of Kuwait, reigning since 2023. Mishal spent most of his career in Kuwait's security and intelligence apparatus. Prior to becoming Emir at age 83, he was the oldest crown prince in the world.

Events in the year 2021 in Kuwait.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ahmad Nawaf Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah</span> Prime Minister of Kuwait from 2022 to 2023

Ahmad Nawaf Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah is a Kuwaiti politician and military officer who served as the Prime Minister of Kuwait from 24 July 2022 until his resignation on 20 December 2023. He is the eldest son of the late Nawaf Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah, the former Emir of Kuwait.

Events in the year 2023 in Kuwait.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2023 Kuwaiti general election</span>

Snap general elections were held in Kuwait on 6 June 2023 to elect 50 of the 65 members of the National Assembly. The elections took place following the annulment of the results of the 2022 snap elections by the Constitutional Court on 19 March 2023 and the redissolution of the 16th session on 2 May.

The 2023 Kuwaiti National Assembly was the 17th legislative session of the National Assembly. Members were elected on 6 June 2023. The session started on 20 June 2023. The session was dissolved on 15 February 2024 due to Abdulkarim Al-Kanderi allegedly insulting Emir Mishal Al-Ahmad.

Events in the year 2024 in Kuwait.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Athbi Fahad Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah</span> Former Kuwait military officer

Athbi Fahad Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah is a member of Kuwait’s ruling Al-Sabah family and former head of the State Security Service. He is the third son of Sheikh Fahad Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah and a retired officer in the special forces of the Kuwaiti Army. His career has been marked by controversies, including convictions for his role in a disinformation campaign aimed at inciting insurrection and for engaging in unlawful surveillance. On May 30, 2016, he was sentenced to five years in prison for his involvement in the Fintas Group affair, an attempt at insurrection, although he evaded incarceration. He was later included in a royal pardon issued on January 17, 2023.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2024 Kuwaiti general election</span>

Snap general elections were held in Kuwait on 4 April 2024 to elect 50 of the 65 members of the National Assembly. The election came after the dissolution of the National Assembly elected in 2023 on 15 February 2024 due to an MP allegedly insulting Emir Mishal Al-Ahmad. The elections were the first to be held during Mishal Al-Ahmad's reign and the fourth election held within four years.

References

  1. ↑ Alwuhaib, Mohammed (30 November 2012). "Kuwait: The Crisis and its Future". Arab Reform Bulletin. 63: 2.
  2. 1 2 3 Ulrichsen, Kristian; Henderson, Simon (4 October 2019). "Kuwait: A Changing System Under Stress". The Washington Institute for Near East Policy.
  3. 1 2 MacDonald, Fiona. "Kuwait Holds Third Election in Three Years Amid Political Deadlock".
  4. 1 2 3 Diwan, Kristin Smith (3 January 2024). "Kuwait's New Emir: A Frank Speech Signals a Sharp Change in Direction".
  5. 1 2 3 Hagagy, Ahmed (16 December 2023). "Kuwait's Emir Sheikh Nawaf dies, Sheikh Meshal named as successor". Reuters. Retrieved 15 April 2024.
  6. 1 2 "Kuwait's emir names new crown prince, Sheikh Sabah Khalid Al Sabah". AP News. 1 June 2024. Retrieved 1 June 2024.
  7. 1 2 Alwuhaib, Mohammed (30 November 2012). "Kuwait: The Crisis and its Future". Arab Reform Bulletin. 63: 2.
  8. ↑ "Political deadlock seen persisting after first Kuwait poll under new emir". Reuters.
  9. ↑ Nereim, Vivian (10 May 2024). "Kuwaiti Emir Suspends Parliament, Citing Political Tumult". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved 28 May 2024.
  10. ↑ "Kuwait: The political scene: Sheikh Ahmed is accused of running his own government". Economist Intelligence Unit . 1 December 2010.
  11. 1 2 3 Diwan, Kristin Smith. "Kuwait's constitutional showdown". Foreign Policy. Retrieved 17 October 2020.
  12. ↑ "Kuwait's deputy prime minister resigns - TV". Reuters. 9 June 2011. Retrieved 17 October 2020.
  13. ↑ "Everyone's a loser as Kuwait's 'Black Wednesday' leaves opposition weaker and regime foundering | Gulf States Newsletter". www.gsn-online.com. Retrieved 17 October 2020.
  14. ↑ "Former Kuwait premier refuses to appear at graft investigation". The National. 16 May 2012. Retrieved 17 October 2020.
  15. ↑ Foundation, Thomson Reuters. "Kuwait government resigns". news.trust.org.{{cite web}}: |first= has generic name (help)
  16. ↑ Goma, Eman (30 November 2011). "Kuwait ruler appoints outgoing defmin as new PM". Reuters. Retrieved 11 April 2024.
  17. ↑ "'Fake' video tape ends Kuwait coup investigation". BBC News. 18 March 2015. Retrieved 17 October 2020.
  18. ↑ Diwan, Kristin Smith. "Kuwait's constitutional showdown". Foreign Policy. Retrieved 17 October 2020.
  19. ↑ "فيديو: أحمد الفهد الصباح عبر قناة الوطن: يشرح قصة (الشريط) وكيف تعامل معه: وصلني من مصدر مجهول !". مدونة الزيادي (in Arabic). 14 June 2014. Retrieved 10 April 2024.
  20. ↑ "Kuwait orders media blackout on 'coup' video". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 17 October 2020.
  21. ↑ "Olympic member Sheikh Ahmad has conviction for forgery upheld on appeal though won't serve jail time". Washington Post. 22 January 2024. ISSN   0190-8286 . Retrieved 26 January 2024.
  22. ↑ "Indicted Kuwaiti Sheikh Steps Aside From I.O.C." The New York Times. 17 November 2018. Retrieved 10 April 2024.
  23. ↑ Diwan, Kristin Smith. "Kuwait's constitutional showdown". Foreign Policy. Retrieved 17 October 2020.
  24. ↑ "Kuwaiti royals jailed after appeal in social media case fails". Arabian Business. 19 July 2016. Retrieved 17 October 2020.
  25. ↑ "Three members of the Kuwaiti royal family have been jailed for insulting judges in WhatsApp messages". The Independent. 31 May 2016. Retrieved 24 December 2023.
  26. ↑ "Powerful Kuwaiti IOC member to be tried in Switzerland for forgery". France 24. 17 November 2018. Retrieved 17 October 2020.
  27. ↑ "Indicted Kuwaiti Sheikh Steps Aside From I.O.C. (Published 2018)". The New York Times. 19 November 2018. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved 17 October 2020.
  28. ↑ "Sheikh Ahmad al-Sabah stands down from IOC amid forgery allegations". The Guardian. 19 November 2018. Retrieved 20 October 2020.
  29. ↑ Farge, Emma (10 September 2021). "Kuwait's Sheikh Ahmad convicted of forgery in Geneva trial". Reuters .
  30. ↑ "Sheikh Talal replaces his suspended brother, keeps Asian Olympic leadership in Al Sabah family". AP News. 8 July 2023. Retrieved 15 July 2023.
  31. ↑ "IOC warns convicted Kuwaiti sheikh against getting involved in Asian Olympic election". Washington Post. 7 July 2023. ISSN   0190-8286 . Retrieved 15 July 2023.
  32. ↑ "Kuwait Defence Minister Shaikh Nasser takes aim at outgoing premier Jaber". gulfnews.com. 17 November 2019. Retrieved 2 September 2021.
  33. ↑ "Kuwait PM declines reappointment, emir removes senior ministers". Reuters. 18 November 2019.
  34. ↑ "جابر المبارك يعتذر لأمير الكويت عن منصب رئيس الوزراء".
  35. ↑ "صحف: محكمة كويتية تأمر بحبس رئيس الوزراء السابق الشيخ جابر المبارك احتياطيا | رويترز". Reuters . Retrieved 5 April 2024.
  36. ↑ "Stolen Kuwaiti Money in Beverly Hills 'Mountain,' U.S. Says". Bloomberg.com. 16 July 2020. Retrieved 19 September 2021.
  37. ↑ "Kuwait emir reappoints Sheikh Sabah al-Khalid as PM - state media". 8 December 2019.
  38. ↑ "الدستورية تبطل مجلس 2012" . Retrieved 5 April 2024.
  39. ↑ "معارضة الكويت تحذر من تحصين "مرسوم الصوت الواحد" (صور)".
  40. ↑ "قانون «حرمان المسيء» في سطور".
  41. ↑ "Kuwait announces 'ultra' petrol price rise of 83% – to 55 cents a litre | Kuwait | The Guardian". amp.theguardian.com. Retrieved 10 April 2024.
  42. ↑ "40 نائباً يتفقون على تزكية الحميدي للرئاسة والتعاون مع الحكومة". 10 December 2020.
  43. ↑ "بعد جلسة ساخنة.. مرزوق الغانم رئيسا لمجلس الأمة الكويتي للمرة الثالثة".
  44. ↑ "«القبس» تنشر محاور استجواب السويط والداهوم والعتيبي لرئيس الوزراء".
  45. ↑ "31 نائباً يؤيدون استجواب رئيس الوزراء".
  46. ↑ "أمير الكويت يقبل استقالة الحكومة ويأمرها بتصريف الأعمال | سكاي نيوز عربية". www.skynewsarabia.com. Retrieved 5 April 2024.
  47. ↑ "كونا : سمو أمير البلاد يصدر مرسوما بتشكيل الحكومة الجديدة - حكومة - 02/03/2021".
  48. ↑ "الجلسة تعبر بـ 33 عضواً". 31 March 2021.
  49. ↑ "النواب يشلّون المجلس... والأزمة مفتوحة". 28 April 2021.
  50. ↑ "صحيفة الأنباء | الرئيس الغانم يرفع الجلسة لعدم حضور الحكومة بسبب جلوس النواب في مقاعدها".
  51. ↑ "حكم نهائى بحبس 3 نواب كويتين بتهمة «العيب في الذات الأميرية» - الخليج الجديد".
  52. ↑ "الحُكم في صحة عضوية النائب الداهوم 3 مارس". February 2021.
  53. ↑ "الكويت.. حكم المحكمة الدستورية بإسقاط عضوية النائب بدر الداهوم يشغل الشارع الكويتي".
  54. ↑ "عبيد الوسمي يعلن ترشحه للانتخابات التكميلية في «الخامسة»". 23 April 2021.
  55. ↑ "ترحيب نيابي وشعبي بترشح عبيد الوسمي في «تكميلية الخامسة»".
  56. ↑ "الكويت.. رقم غير مسبوق لمرشح المعارضة في انتخابات تكميلية | سكاي نيوز عربية". www.skynewsarabia.com. Retrieved 5 April 2024.
  57. ↑ "الأوساط الكويتية كافة تترقب نتائجه.. تواصل جلسات الحوار الوطني لتوحيد جهود السلطتين التشريعية والتنفيذية".
  58. ↑ "أبرزهم "البراك".. هؤلاء المشمولون بالعفو الأميري في الكويت". alkhaleejonline.net (in Arabic). Retrieved 5 April 2024.
  59. ↑ "الافراج عن 20 مواطناً من المتهمين في التستر على خلية العبدلي".
  60. ↑ "الكويت.. لجنة العفو عن المتهمين في القضايا السياسية تبدأ عملها".
  61. ↑ "استجواب «ثلاثي» للخالد: مستقبل الدولة.. مُهدّد".
  62. ↑ "أمير الكويت يقبل استقالة حكومة صباح الخالد الصباح للمرة الرابعة".
  63. ↑ "في مقر المجلس يطالبون بحله واتهامات لهم بالتعطيل.. ثلث أعضاء البرلمان الكويتي يبدؤون اعتصاما مفتوحا".
  64. ↑ "وسط أزمة سياسية.. حل البرلمان الكويتي والدعوة لانتخابات – Dw – 2022/6/22".
  65. ↑ "نواب المعارضة بالكويت ينهون اعتصامهم بعد إعلان ولي العهد حل البرلمان والدعوة لانتخابات عامة". 22 June 2022.
  66. ↑ "Kuwait Names Sheikh Ahmed Nawaf as New Prime Minister". Bloomberg. 24 July 2022.
  67. ↑ "الكويت تحدد موعد انتخابات مجلس الأمة الجديد". Al Jazeera (in Arabic).
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.