Lansdown | |
---|---|
Lansdown Terrace in Malvern Road, Cheltenham | |
Location within Gloucestershire | |
Population | 5,923 (2011.Ward) [1] |
District | |
Shire county | |
Region | |
Country | England |
Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
Post town | CHELTENHAM |
Postcode district | GL50 |
Police | Gloucestershire |
Fire | Gloucestershire |
Ambulance | South Western |
EU Parliament | South West England |
Lansdown is a district of the Regency town Cheltenham Spa in Gloucestershire, England. Situated in a conservation area, much of the architecture is listed, including the distinctive Lansdown Estate.
The Regency in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was a period at the end of the Georgian era, when King George III was deemed unfit to rule due to his illness, and his son ruled as his proxy, as prince regent. Upon George III's death in 1820, the prince regent became King George IV. The term Regency can refer to various stretches of time; some are longer than the decade of the formal Regency which lasted from 1811 to 1820. The period from 1795 to 1837, which includes the latter part of George III's reign and the reigns of his sons George IV and William IV, is sometimes regarded as the Regency era, characterised by distinctive trends in British architecture, literature, fashions, politics, and culture. It ended in 1837 when Queen Victoria succeeded William IV.
Cheltenham is a regency town and borough on the edge of the Cotswolds in the county of Gloucestershire, England. Cheltenham became known as a health and holiday spa town resort following the discovery of mineral springs in 1716.
Gloucestershire is a county in South West England. The county comprises part of the Cotswold Hills, part of the flat fertile valley of the River Severn, and the entire Forest of Dean.
Like Montpellier, and much of Regency Cheltenham, this was the work of two family groups: the Thompsons and later the Jearrads.
Montpellier is a district of Cheltenham, Gloucestershire (England), at the end of the Promenade south of the town centre. Originally developed in the 1830s in conjunction with the spas, it is now known for its bars, cafés, restaurants and range of specialist shops. In April 2008 Montpellier was one of the most expensive areas in Cheltenham to buy property, with apartments ranging from £300,000 to over £1,000,000, townhouses from around £400,000, and houses over £4,000,000.
The first of these was financier and property developer Henry Thompson (d. 1824), then later his son Pearson Thompson (1794-1872). Henry purchased the Reverend de la Bere of Southam's estate in 1801 and by 1804 had constructed his own residence of Hygeia House [2] [3] [lower-roman 1] [lower-roman 2] The increasing fashion for 'taking the waters' encouraged him to develop Montpellier Spa, opening a wooden pavilion with landscaped gardens and promenades in 1809. In 1817 the pavilion was rebuilt in stone as the Pump Room.
Pearson Thompson was an English solicitor and property developer who was responsible for the layout of a great part of Cheltenham, and of the Ladbroke Estate in London. He subsequently emigrated to Australia where he practiced law.
Southam is a small market town and civil parish in the Stratford-on-Avon district of Warwickshire, England. Southam is situated on the River Stowe, which flows from Napton-on-the-Hill and joins Warwickshire's River Itchen at Stoneythorpe, just outside the town. The town is about 7 1⁄2 miles (12 km) east of Leamington Spa, about 10 miles (16 km) from Rugby and Daventry, 13 miles (21 km) south of Coventry and 14 miles (23 km) north of Banbury.
Henry's next development was the residential Lansdown Estate, cut short by his death in 1824. After this, his son Pearson continued to develop the site. He engaged J.B. Papworth, a founder of the Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA), as architect for an elegant estate comprising villas and terraces as both high- and middle-price houses. In 1825, Pearson also had Papworth rebuild the Montpellier Pump Room with a domed rotunda that still stands today.
John Buonarotti Papworth was a prolific architect, artist and a founder member of the Royal Institute of British Architects.
The Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) is a professional body for architects primarily in the United Kingdom, but also internationally, founded for the advancement of architecture under its charter granted in 1837 and Supplemental Charter granted in 1971.
A rotunda is any building with a circular ground plan, and sometimes covered by a dome. It can also refer to a round room within a building. The Pantheon in Rome is a famous rotunda. A Band Rotunda is a circular bandstand, usually with a dome.
By 1830 though, Pearson Thompson was in financial difficulties and engaged the architect brothers Robert William and Charles Jearrad as co-developers. They were responsible for adding Lansdown Crescent, an immense crescent in the Georgian Classical style of town planning, to Papworth's designs. They also designed the large 2,000 seat Christ Church, built from 1837 and consecrated in 1840, to attract residents of the right quality to their new development. [4]
Regency architecture encompasses classical buildings built in the United Kingdom during the Regency era in the early 19th century when George IV was Prince Regent, and also to earlier and later buildings following the same style. The period coincides with the Biedermeier style in the German-speaking lands, Federal style in the United States and the French Empire style. Regency style is also applied to interior design and decorative arts of the period, typified by elegant furniture and vertically striped wallpaper, and to styles of clothing; for men, as typified by the dandy Beau Brummell, for women the Empire silhouette.
Henry Edmund Goodridge was an English architect based in Bath. He worked from the early 1820s until the 1850s, using Classical, Italianate and Gothic styles.
The Playhouse Theatre Cheltenham is a community theatre in Cheltenham, United Kingdom. It is a registered charity and has been run by volunteers since 1957. Built in 1806 by Henry Thompson, the theatre started life as the Montpellier Baths. The building was converted to a swimming pool in 1898 and then to a theatre in 1945.
Pittville is a residential suburb of Cheltenham, Gloucestershire, England, founded in the early 19th century by Joseph Pitt. The population of Pittville Ward at the 2011 Census was 5,327. It now contains Pittville Park, with its two lakes, skatepark, three cafes, tennis courts, menagerie, children's play area, 9-hole pitch and putt golf course, and Pump Room, and Pittville School. The upmarket tone of the area is set by the architecture: Pittville contains some of the finest examples of Regency and Victorian housing in the town. Gustav Holst's father, Adolph von Holst was organist at All Saints' Church, Pittville.
Samuel Whitfield Daukes or Dawkes (1811–1880) was an English architect, based in Gloucester and London.
John Pinch the elder was an architect working mainly in the city of Bath, England. He was surveyor to the Pulteney and Darlington estate and responsible for many of the later Georgian buildings in Bath, especially in Bathwick. His son, John Pinch the younger, was also an architect and surveyor to the Pulteney and Darlington estate. His daughter, Celia Pinch, married the silversmith William Holme Twentyman on Mauritius.
The Pittville Pump Room was the last and largest of the spa buildings to be built in Cheltenham.
John Palmer was an English architect who worked on some of the notable buildings in the city of Bath, Somerset, UK. He succeeded Thomas Baldwin as City Architect in 1792. He died in Bath.
Cheltenham Minster, St Mary's is a minster and the parish church of Cheltenham.
Amon Henry Wilds was an English architect. He was part of a team of three architects and builders who—working together or independently at different times—were almost solely responsible for a surge in residential construction and development in early 19th-century Brighton, which until then had been a small but increasingly fashionable seaside resort on the East Sussex coast. In the 1820s, when Wilds, his father Amon Wilds and Charles Busby were at their most active, nearly 4,000 new houses were built, along with many hotels, churches and venues for socialising; most of these still survive, giving Brighton a distinctive Regency-era character, and many are listed buildings.
Montpellier Rotunda is a Grade I listed building in Montpellier, Gloucestershire, England. It is now the Cheltenham restaurant in The Ivy Collection..
Buxton Crescent is a Grade-I-listed building in the town of Buxton, Derbyshire, England. Owing much to the Royal Crescent in Bath, but described by the Royal Institution of British Architects as "more richly decorated and altogether more complex", it was designed by the architect John Carr, and built for the Fifth Duke of Devonshire between 1780 and 1789.
Montpelier is an inner suburban area of Brighton, part of the English city and seaside resort of Brighton and Hove. Developed together with the adjacent Clifton Hill area in the mid-19th century, it forms a high-class, architecturally cohesive residential district with "an exceptionally complete character". Stucco-clad terraced housing and villas predominate, but two of the city's most significant Victorian churches and a landmark hospital building are also in the area, which lies immediately northwest of Brighton city centre and spreads as far as the ancient parish boundary with Hove.
Henry Skillicorne (c1678-1763) was a Manx-born merchant mariner who after some four decades trading out of Bristol began a second career as the first serious developer of the spa waters in Cheltenham. Regarded as 'the founder of Cheltenham as a watering place' in all the standard histories of the town, his memorial inscription in the parish church, standing at 53 lines and almost 600 words, is one of the longest in Britain, and has been transcribed and reproduced many times.
Richard Lockwood Boulton was an English sculptor who founded the firm Messrs R. L. Boulton & Sons. They were centred in Cheltenham, England, and built monuments made of iron and stone in the United Kingdom.
Isaac Thomas Shutt was an architect, a farmer, and the proprietor of the Old Swan Hotel, Harrogate, North Yorkshire, England, from 1849 to 1879. In 1842, at the age of 24 years, he designed the Royal Pump Room, Harrogate, now a Grade II* listed building. In partnership with Alfred Hill Thompson he co-designed the Church of All Saints, Harlow Hill.