A civil war is a war between organized groups within the same state . The aim of one side may be to take control of the country or a region,to achieve independence for a region,or to change government policies. The term is a calque of Latin bellum civile which was used to refer to the various civil wars of the Roman Republic in the 1st century BC.
An alliance is a relationship among people,groups,or states that have joined together for mutual benefit or to achieve some common purpose,whether or not an explicit agreement has been worked out among them. Members of an alliance are called allies. Alliances form in many settings,including political alliances,military alliances,and business alliances. When the term is used in the context of war or armed struggle,such associations may also be called allied powers,especially when discussing World War I or World War II.
The Correlates of War project is an academic study of the history of warfare. It was started in 1963 at the University of Michigan by political scientist J. David Singer. Concerned with collecting data about the history of wars and conflict among states,the project has driven forward quantitative research into the causes of warfare. The Correlates of War project seeks to facilitate the collection,dissemination,and use of accurate and reliable quantitative data in international relations. Key principles of the project include a commitment to standard scientific principles of replication,data reliability,documentation,review,and the transparency of data collection procedures.
The Peace Research Institute Oslo is a private research institution in peace and conflict studies,based in Oslo,Norway,with around 100 employees. It was founded in 1959 by a group of Norwegian researchers led by Johan Galtung,who was also the institute's first director (1959–1969). It publishes the Journal of Peace Research,also founded by Johan Galtung.
The Mershon Center for International Security Studies is a research institute at the Ohio State University. The current director is Dorothy Noyes.
James D. Fearon is the Theodore and Francis Geballe Professor of Political Science at Stanford University;he is known for his work on the theory of civil wars,international bargaining,war's inefficiency puzzle,audience costs,and ethnic constructivism. According to a 2011 survey of International Relations scholars,Fearon is among the most influential International Relations scholars of the last twenty years. His 1995 article "Rationalist Explanations for War" is the most assigned journal article in International Relations graduate training at U.S. universities.
Power sharing is a practice in conflict resolution where multiple groups distribute political,military,or economic power among themselves according to agreed rules. It can refer to any formal framework or informal pact that regulates the distribution of power between divided communities. Since the end of the Cold War,power-sharing systems have become increasingly commonplace in negotiating settlements for armed conflict. Two common theoretical approaches to power sharing are consociationalism and centripetalism.
The European Academy of Sociology (EAS) is an organization of European scholars in many different areas of sociology and a common concern with quality standards for sociological research and education. Currently,the Academy has 42 elected fellows and 16 emeritus fellows.
Nils Petter Gleditsch is a Norwegian sociologist and political scientist. He is Research Professor at the Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO). In 2009,Nils Petter Gleditsch was awarded the annual Award for Outstanding Research by the Research Council of Norway. He won the Norwegian Sociological Association's Lifetime Achievement Award in 2018.
Scott Gates is an American political scientist and economist based in Norway. He was director of the Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO)'s Centre for the Study of Civil War (CSCW),which was a Norwegian Center of Excellence funded by the Research Council of Norway for a twelve-year period 2002-2013. He is currently a Research Professor at PRIO,a Guest Researcher at ESOP in the Department of Economics at the University in Oslo and also holds a professorship in the Department of Political science at the University of Oslo. He used to work at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) and Michigan State University (MSU).
The International Studies Association (ISA) is a US-based professional association for scholars and practitioners in the field of international studies. Founded in 1959,ISA has been headquartered at the University of Connecticut in Storrs since 2015. Its executive director is Mark A. Boyer. It has been a member of the International Science Council since 1984.
Political violence is violence which is perpetrated in order to achieve political goals. It can include violence which is used by a state against other states (war),violence which is used by a state against civilians and non-state actors,and violence which is used by violent non-state actors against states and civilians. It can also describe politically motivated violence which is used by violent non-state actors against a state or it can describe violence which is used against other non-state actors and/or civilians. Non-action on the part of a government can also be characterized as a form of political violence,such as refusing to alleviate famine or otherwise denying resources to politically identifiable groups within their territory.
Henrik Urdal is a Norwegian political scientist and the current director of the Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO). Before his appointment as director in 2017 he was a research professor and research director at the institute. He was editor-in-chief of the Journal of Peace Research,the premier journal in the field,from 2010 to 2017.
The Karl Deutsch Award is an award in the field of international relations to prominent scholars under 40 or within ten years of defending their doctoral dissertation. It was named after Karl Deutsch and was established in 1981 by the International Studies Association (ISA). The award is presented annually to a scholar who is judged to have made the most significant contribution to the study of International Relations and Peace Research by the means of publication.
Aaron Clauset is an American computer scientist who works in the areas of Network Science,Machine Learning,and Complex Systems. He is currently a professor of computer science at the University of Colorado Boulder and is external faculty at the Santa Fe Institute.
The Center for Security Studies (CSS) is a center at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich,which focuses on Swiss and international security.
Kristian Skrede Gleditsch is a Norwegian political scientist and a professor at the University of Essex,holding the title of Regius Professor. His main fields of research are on the topics of conflict,democratistation and non-violent mobilisation.
The Ethnic Power Relations (EPR) dataset identifies all politically relevant ethnic groups,their size,and their access to state power in every country of the world with a population of at least 250,000 from 1946 to 2017. It includes annual data on over 800 groups and codes the degree to which their representatives hold executive-level state power,from total control of the government,power-sharing to overt political discrimination. Also,it provides information on regional autonomy arrangements.
Andrea Ruggeri is an Italian international relations scholar. He has been Professor of Political Science and International Relations at the University of Oxford since 2019,and a fellow in politics at Brasenose College,Oxford,since 2014.
