Related Research Articles
The Republican Left of Catalonia is a pro-Catalan independence, social-democratic political party in the Spanish autonomous community of Catalonia, with a presence also in Valencia, the Balearic Islands and the French department of Pyrénées-Orientales. It is also the main sponsor of the independence movement from France and Spain in the territories known as Catalan Countries, focusing in recent years on the creation of a Catalan Republic in Catalonia proper. Its current president is Oriol Junqueras and its secretary-general is Marta Rovira. The party is a member of the European Free Alliance.
Initiative for Catalonia Greens was an eco-socialist political party in Catalonia. It was formed as a merger of Iniciativa per Catalunya and Els Verds. IC had been an alliance led by Partit Socialista Unificat de Catalunya and was the equivalent of Izquierda Unida in Catalonia. IC later developed into a political party, and PSUC was dissolved.
The Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia was a communist political party active in Catalonia between 1936 and 1997. It was the Catalan branch of the Communist Party of Spain and the only party not from a sovereign state to be a full member of the Third International.
The Estelada is an unofficial flag typically flown by Catalan independence supporters to express their support for either an independent Catalonia or independent Països Catalans. The design of the Estelada comprises the red-and-yellow bars of the Senyera, with the addition of a five-pointed star in a triangle at the hoist.
Marxist Unification Movement was a political group in Catalonia, Spain. MUM was founded in 1977, during the Spanish transition to democracy, by a group that had left the Socialist Party of National Liberation of the Catalan Countries (PSAN) in 1976 and the Col·lectiu Combat, a splinter group of the Catalan National Front (FNC).
Estat Català is a pro-independence nationalist historical political party of Catalonia (Spain).
Lluís Maria Xirinacs i Damians was a Catalan politician, writer, catholic cleric and advocate for the independence of Catalonia.
Catalan Left Union was an electoral coalition in Catalonia, Spain, formed by the Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia (PSUC) and Agreement of Left Nationalists (ENE) in 1986.
United Left is a federative political movement in Spain that was first organized as a coalition in 1986, bringing together several left-wing political organizations, most notably the Communist Party of Spain.
Unitat Municipal 9 is a local political party, with an independentist and anticapitalist socialist ideology, of Sant Pere de Ribes. UM9 is currently a member party of the Popular Unity Candidates.
The Democratic Pact for Catalonia was a Catalan electoral alliance established in May 1977 ahead of the Spanish Congress of Deputies 15 June election. It ran on a political platform emphasizing the need of approving a statute of autonomy for Catalonia. The coalition comprised members from two separate, previously established alliances: Democratic Convergence of Catalonia (CDC) and Democratic Left of Catalonia (EDC) from the Democratic Front for Catalonia, and the Socialist Party of Catalonia–Regrouping (PSC–R) and the National Front of Catalonia (FNC) from the Left Front.
The Socialist Party of National Liberation is an independentist and communist party active in Catalonia. The PSAN was created in 1968 following a split in the more leftist sector of the National Front of Catalonia. Initially it was only present the Catalonia, but later also gained presence in the french region of Roussillon, the Valencian Community and the Balearic Islands. The party was illegal and clandestine until 1978, when all parties were fully legalised, after the Franco Dictatorship.
Left Nationalists was a Catalan socialist and independentist political organization founded in 1979 from historical militants of the Socialist Party of National Liberation (PSAN), National Front of Catalonia, Catalan Communist Collective and independents linked to social movements. Its structure was based in local assemblies, and claimed the right to self-determination of Catalonia within a confederal Catalan Countries. NE also defined itself as national-popular and socialist. The party attracted activist from social movements, specially environmentalists, feminists, gays, youth, etc. The most representative were Jordi Carbonell, Josep Maria Espinàs, Magda Oranich, Avel·lí Artís i Gener and Armand de Fluvià. NE disbanded in 1984.
Catalan Federation of the PSOE or Catalan Socialist Federation was a political party in Catalonia, Spain. The FSC first groups emerged between 1880 and 1882.
The 1980 Catalan regional election was held on Thursday, 20 March 1980, to elect the 1st Parliament of the autonomous community of Catalonia. All 135 seats in the Parliament were up for election. This was the first regional election to be held in Catalonia since the Spanish transition to democracy and the second democratic regional election in Catalan history after that of 1932.
Agreement of Left Nationalists was a Catalan socialist and nationalist political party, founded in 1985 by members of the Left Nationalists (NdE), Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC) and independents. In the 1984 Catalan parliamentary election, it ran under the label Agreement of the Catalan Left. In the 1986 Spanish general election, it ran together with the Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia (PSUC) within the Union of the Catalan Left coalition (UEC).
Catalonia Yes is a Catalan independence political platform founded in 2011 bringing together people from civil society and various public figures in favour of independence for Catalonia.
Agreement of the Catalans was a Catalan electoral alliance formed by the Socialist Party of Catalonia–Congress (PSC–C), the Catalan Socialist Federation (FSC), the Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia (PSUC) and the Left of Catalonia platform—supported by the still-illegal Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC), Party of Labour of Catalonia (PTC) and Catalan State (EC)—to contest the 1977 Spanish Senate election. Securing 12 out of the 16 Catalan senators at stake, the alliance's performance has been considered a historical success.
When, in 1939, World War II erupted in Europe, Catalonia was part of Spain led by the caudillo Francisco Franco, who declared Spain neutral in the conflict. The country was devastated by the recently finished Spanish Civil War, which resulted in the defeat of the Second Spanish Republic and the creation of the Spanish State, and Catalonia, who was an autonomous region under the Republican government (1931-1939) lost the whole of its self-government when the Nationalist army occupied the area.
Carles Castellanos i Llorenç. He is a writer, translator, and political activist of the Catalan independence movement. He holds a Ph.D. in Translation from the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, has been director of the Department of Translation and Interpreting of this University, and is currently a professor of doctoral studies in this Department. He is a member of the Catalan National Assembly and was vice-president from 2012 to 2013, as well as a member of Poble Lliure and the Popular Unity Candidacy of Barcelona.
References
- ↑ «Bloc d'Esquerra d'Alliberament Nacional». L'Enciclopèdia.cat.
- ↑ BCT www.marxists.org
- ↑ In Sant Pere the coalition was known as Unitat Municipal 9.
- ↑ El Bloc d'Esquerra se retira en Barcelona y recomienda el voto a PSC y PSUC.
- ↑ Del BEAN, NE i la Crida a l'MDT i Terra Lliure (1978-1988). L'independentisme sociològic emergeix.