Notes
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Lezgin clans or sykhyls [1] (also tukhums) (Lezgian : си́хил, [sykhyl]) are traditional Lezgin kinship groups sharing self-identified through descent from a common ancestor.
The Lezgin name for clans is shykhyl «сихил» comes from two Lezgin words tsi «цӀи» and khel«хел» literally “bloodline”. [1] [2] Lezgins also use the term tukhum«тухум», it is a term is more general and used by all Dagestani peoples for a tribe or family. [3] The term is used to describe different clan structures for different ethnicities and does not mean the same thing from one ethnicity to the other.
After Russian conquest of the Caucasus the Lezgin sykhyls or tukhums has all but vanished. [4] While the aul was, like the Avar and Dargin auls, the basis of Lezgin society in pre-revolutionary times, the aul and the Jamaat have lost their role. [4] The reasons for this range from their homeland being more open to external influence, culturally from neighbouring Azeris and politically from the USSR, [4] as well as the loss of the Lezgin Tariqa (Мюридизм) to the USSR's state atheism and the more recent penetration of Salafism into Lezgin society. [5]
Each sykhyl spoke a different dialect of the same Lezgic languages, a common spoken Lezgin dialect unintelligible to people outside the village. [6] Despite the fact that during this period the Lezgin lived in relatively closed conditions of mountain gorges, which contributed to more demarcation in terms of territoriality than rallying around a single center, they retained the self-consciousness of a single ethnic group based on a common culture and a single language.
| Clans | Groups | Villages |
|---|---|---|
| Lazar | КIекрезчирайбур, Шатдин, КIелет-лацар, Кетшар, Тачанар, Рухкалчукайбур | Laza (Qusar) |
| Lakar | Айибар, Сеферар, Пиримар, Тигьирар, СикIер, Шухунар, Шагьабасар | Ləgər, Ləgəroba, Ləngi, Lgar (Axtı) |
| Quruşar (Gelar) [7] | Хайтакьар, Гьилевар, Тетецьар, Фалакьар, Къызырар, Хъиртар, Мисрияр, Зангавар, Авурар, Къуьлдуьрар, Гьебешар, ЧIулавар. | Quruş, Doqquzpara, Dağıstan |
| Baxsuğar | 1.Али кІар2.Баш кІар3. Хушум кІар4. Тумакь кІар5. Ворха (Фарух) кІар6. Тадам (Дедем) кІар7.ЦІарал сихил | Baxsuğ, Qurah, Dağıstan |
| Çeper | Абдуллагьар, Лак1ар, Ювар, КIамаъар, Ягъияр, Гьесенар> | Çipir, Qusar, Azərbaycan |
| Ünüğar | Айдаяр, Арабар, Чакъалар, Фекьияр, Гьажиханар, Пиемар, Татлаяр, ТIигьирар, Мискискар, Къарабагьвияр, Эгрияр, Кесдияр, Абукарар | Ünüğ, Ünüğoba |
| Kuzunar | Немцар, Талакьар, Гьизирар, Къадияр | Kuzun, Kuzunoba, Çetkün |
| Muruğar | Мегьенар, Якьубар, Татахар, Хасияр, Кемечар, Къурушар, СикIер, Думбар, ПешекIар, Баргуьлар, Шемехар, Игъригъар, Айдунбегар | Böyük Muruğ, Muruğ, Muruğoba, Atlıxan |
| Çakarar | Незерар, Везирар, Маллаяр, Къежелар, Сарахар, Кьасумар, Агьасар, Алхасар, Къурушар, ЦIарахар, Гъегьеяр | Çaqar, Çaqaroba, |
| Zalagurar | Игьирар, Зипер, Къизилбашар, Тулугьар, Чарахар, Къакъуяр, Шихмегьамедар, Сердерар, Къекъелар | Çiləgir, Qusar |
| Vurvar | Къурушар, Накьвнедайбур, Шихмегьамедар, ШтIар, Хъуьрехъар, Неъар, Къакъуяр | Urva, Urvaoba |
| Evecuğar | Гъетегьар, Микраuьар, ШтIар, Къурушар, Дугулар, Тамашар, Къекъемар, Азизан тухум, Пархашар | Evecuğ |
| Hilar | Къуьсуьяр, Эребханар, БакIияр, Бегар, Ваданар, Шебеяр, Мирзагьаяр, Наруяр, КIаркIарар, Какамар, Къарагадаяр, МучIар, Къарчугьаяр, ШтIар, Фекьияр, Айвазар, КалацIар | Hil, Hiloba, |
| Yasabar | Игьирар, Югьвар, Кереяр, Фарухар, Xъазахар, Кабчаяр, ЦIияпIар, Секуьлар, Филифар, Гъетегьар, Рагьманар, Дандасар, Кулар | Yasab,Yasaboba, |
| Piriviyar (Likar) | Пашмакар, Хъумар, Къунагьар, Къараханар, Микрагьар, Бубаханар | Piral, Qusar, Azərbaycan |
| Leçetar | ЦIаруяр, Гилакар, Суьквелар | Leçet, Qusar, Azərbaycan |
| Kirigar | Тистарар, Чакъулуяр, Камумар, Салманар, Балаяр, СтIарар, Шаурар | Girik, Qusar, Azərbaycan |
| Yargunar | Тегьвер, Яцкаяр, ЦIинкьилар, Камуяр, Шаияр, Келбияр, Мегьамедалияр, Фекьияр | Yargun, Qusar, Azərbaycan Yargunoba [ clarification needed ], Qusar, Azərbaycan Həzrə, Qəbələ, Azərbaycan |
| Nijar | Абасар, Алияр, ЦIегьрен кIуртар, Пуларар, Кижер | Nij (Nəcəfkənd), Qusar, Azərbaycan |
| Xülüxar | Латар, КачIкачIар, СафутIар, Кисранар, Текияр | Xülüx, Qusar, Azərbaycan |
| Muçuğar | Гьуку, Гъугьан, Ваданар, ЯпатIар, Шавдияр, Мегьецар, Хачмазар, Къазбинар, Херекар, Каситар, Чепелар, КIирияр, Къурушар, Къажарар, ЧIакIарар , Ширлияр. | Mucuq, Qusar, Azərbaycan |
| Keletar | Мегьтияр, Мензифар, Улуяр, Машахар, БалбутIар, Самалчияр,Тачанар | Qalacıq, Qalacıq, Qalacux (Dağıstan) |
| Zeyxurar | Тумушар, ЦIурухтаяр, Шагьнияр, Кирер, Еркер, Ахцегьар, Мутаяр, Пислингар | Yuxarı Zeyxur, Zeyxur, Zeyxuroba |
| Kurar | Текияр, ЗатIар, Гьуьнияр, Xъазахар, Чухурар, Яхшаяр, Агьабубаяр, Шандаяр, Шихияр, Куьснетар | Ukur, Ukuroba |
| Eçetar | Латун, Чепен, Кучун, Муьнкуьтар, АмутIар, Туькуьлар, Шуьгънуьяр, Гьажияр, Алиханар, Фекьияр, Муьхкуьткуьс, Батманар, Датар, Имамар, Агьмедар | Əcəxur, Əcəxuroba |
| Ptişar | Кенцемар, Шамшамар, Цемеяр, Хунчаяр, Перциввекъядайбур, Мирзеханар, Кичидин эвлед, Кимицар | Pitişqala |
| Maqudar | Микрагьар, КьинтIарар, ТIапIацар, Квасаяр, Киригар, Цегвер, Хуьлуьхъар, ТIигьиржалар, Чепер, Цилингар, Гуржияр, Чавмараяр. | Maqudxür, Maqudoba |
| Mugrağar | Муграгъар | Mugrağ (Qusar), Migrağ(Doqquzpara), Sumağallı |
| Qüxürar | ЧипетӀар, МихетӀар, Кузар, Манатар, Тукъвацар | Quxur, Quxuroba |
| Ptirar | Лагьичар, Татар, ШутӀар, ТипӀер, Тугьулар | Bedirqala, Haçatala |
| Kalunar | Рехецар, Ханар, Таравар, Шидияр | Yuxarı Qələnxur , Aşağı Qələnxur |
| Tihirar | ЧӀухар, Туькьуьлар, Чувалар, КьепӀирар, Фекьияр | Tihir, Tihiroba, |
| Tihirjalar | Тигьиржалар | Yuxarı Tahircal , Yeni Tahircal |
| Sevreganar | Севреганар | Dizaxli, Yeni Dizaxli |
| Ğener | Шихар, Ашурар, Мустафаяр, Исмаилар | Kənarçay |
| Ğunar | Гъунар, Калунар | Gündüzqala |
| Kçanar | Кчанар, Къурушар, Алияр | Gican, Gicanoba |
| Kufar | Куьчайбур, Умарар, Усманар | Kuf, Kufoba |
| Qileğar | Къилегъар | Gilah, Gilahoba |
| Qaratar | Къаратар, Керимар, Мегьамедалияр | Qarat, Qaratoba |
| Quturğanar | ТӀампӀулар, ЧӀамбулар, Гьетемар | Quturğan |
| Suvajalar | КӀелехудатар, Куркунар, Муругъар, Шабранар | Suvacal |
| Sturar | Батар, Аскерар, ЧӀамбулар, Дахарар, Мемехар | Sudur, Suduroba |
| Ezdenar | Макьияр, Сфияр.Султаяр, Ч|уьтер, Мугъуяр. | Ezden, Üzdenoba |
| Xatar | Игъирар, Чахчар, Багъияр, Агъарзаяр, КъепӀирар, Микрагьар, Текияр, Угъулар, Ахцегьар, ТӀигьиржалар, КӀелетар | Xatar(Köhnə Xudat), Xatar oba (Köhnə Xudat qazmalar), Xatar tala(Köhnə Xudat, Xaçmaz) |
| Siriyar | Сирияр, Пустуяр, Ханацар, Шабранар, Чубанар, Текеяр, Куцар, ШабукӀаяр | Şirvanovka |
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