Lilliputian hallucination

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Lilliputian hallucinations are hallucinations of small humans, animals, or fantasy entities. [1] They are usually visual in nature, but are also often multimodal, and are almost always perceived as grounded in one's external environment. [1] Lilliputian hallucinations can occur in conditions such as Alice in Wonderland syndrome, [2] Charles Bonnet syndrome, [3] [1] Peduncular hallucinosis, [1] schizophrenia, [4] [1] and alcohol withdrawal, [1] among others. [1] They have also been reported to be induced rarely by drugs such as amantadine [5] and trichloroethylene [6] and are known to be induced by hallucinogenic bolete mushrooms (also known as "xiao ren ren" mushrooms). [7] [8] [9] They may also sometimes be induced by classical serotonergic psychedelics such as mescaline and dimethyltryptamine (DMT) as well as by Amanita muscaria mushrooms. [1]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Blom JD (June 2021). "Leroy's elusive little people: A systematic review on lilliputian hallucinations". Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 125: 627–636. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.03.002. PMID   33676962.
  2. ↑ Farooq O, Fine EJ (December 2017). "Alice in Wonderland Syndrome: A Historical and Medical Review". Pediatr Neurol. 77: 5–11. doi:10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2017.08.008. PMID   29074056.
  3. ↑ Schneider MA, Schneider MD (July 2013). "Strange sightings: is it Charles Bonnet syndrome?". Nursing. 43 (7): 52–55. doi:10.1097/01.NURSE.0000427989.23941.18. PMID   23778216.
  4. ↑ Hendrickson J, Adityanjee (1996). "Lilliputian hallucinations in schizophrenia: case report and review of literature". Psychopathology. 29 (1): 35–38. doi:10.1159/000284969. PMID   8711073.
  5. ↑ Harper RW, Knothe BU (March 1973). "Coloured Lilliputian hallucinations with amantadine". Med J Aust. 1 (9): 444–445. doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1973.tb110479.x. PMID   4708929.
  6. ↑ Todd J (February 1954). "Trichlorethylene poisoning with paranoid psychosis and Lilliputian hallucination". Br Med J. 1 (4859): 439–440. doi:10.1136/bmj.1.4859.439. PMC   2084561 . PMID   13126536.
  7. ↑ Arora, David (2008). "Notes on Economic Mushrooms. Xiao Ren Ren: The "Little People" of Yunnan" (PDF). Economic Botany. 62 (3). New York Botanical Garden Press: 540–544. doi:10.1007/s12231-008-9049-0. ISSN   0013-0001. JSTOR   40390492 . Retrieved 18 February 2025.
  8. ↑ Domnauer C, Dentinger B (24 May 2022). Reports of Psychoactive Bolete Mushrooms. ESPD55 (Ethnopharmacologic Search for Psychoactive Drugs 55). McKenna Academy of Natural Philosophy. For more than half a century, the existence of certain species of mushrooms in the family Boletaceae ("boletes") possessing psychoactive properties has been rumored, with independent ethnographic reports emerging from Papúa New Guinea and China. In both cases, local inhabitants describe consuming a type of bolete mushroom, followed by the occurrence of various hallucinations, generally characterized by a perception of being surrounded by an abundance of colorful, diminutive creatures – clinically referred to as "Lilliputian Hallucinations". Despite the numerous and suggestive reports, the identity of psychoactive boletes remains a mycological mystery. To this date, no rigorous scientific studies have been performed that conclusively reveal the taxonomic identity or active chemical constituents of this unstudied group of psychoactive mushrooms. In this presentation, the history of psychoactive bolete reports is compiled together, our scant sum of knowledge on the topic is summarized, and future directions for research are suggested.
  9. ↑ Samorini G (2024). "A new interpretation of the "mushroom madness" of New Guinea". Antrocom J. Of Anthropology. 20 (2): 5–25. ISSN   1973-2880.


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