List of Ayyubid rulers Last updated July 06, 2025
Sultans of The Ayyubid Sultanate Sultan on his throne, early 13th century
Last monarch Formation 1171 Abolition 1260/1340/1524 Residence
The Ayyubid dynasty ruled many parts of the Middle East and North Africa in the 12th, 13th and 14th centuries. The following is a list of Ayyubid rulers by county/province.
Sultans and Emirs of Damascus See Rulers of Damascus .
Saladin , 1174–1193 Al-Afdal , son of Saladin, 1193–1196 Al-Adil I , brother of Saladin, 1196–1218 Al-Mu'azzam (Sharaf al-Din) Isa , son of al-Adil I, 1218–1227 An-Nasir Dawud , son of al-Mu'azzam Isa, 1227–1229 Al-Ashraf Musa , son of al-Adil I, 1229–1237 As-Salih Ismail , son of al-Adil I, 1237–1238 Al-Kamil , son of al-Adil I, 1238 Al-Adil Sayf al-Din Abu Bakr II (al-Adil II), son of al-Kamil, 1238–1239 As-Salih Ayyub , son of al-Adil I, 1239 As-Salih Ismail (second rule), 1239–1245 As-Salih Ayyub (second rule), 1245–1249 Al-Muazzam Turanshah , son of as-Salih Ayyub, 1249–1250 An-Nasir Yusuf , son of al-Aziz Muhammad , 1250–1260. Takeover by Mongols , and then Mamluks following the battle of Ain Jalut , 1260.
Emirs of Baalbek See Baalbek, Middle Ages .
Shams al-Din Muhammad ibn al-Muqaddam (non-dynastic, former governor of Damascus), appointed by Saladin , 1175–1178 Turan-Shah , brother of Saladin, 1178–1179 Farrukh Shah , nephew of Saladin, 1179–1182 Bahram Shah , son of Farrukh Shah, 1182–1230 Al-Ashraf Musa , son of al-Adil I, 1230–1237 As-Salih Ismail , brother of al-Ashraf Musa, 1237–1246 Saʿd al-Din al-Humaidi (non-dynastic, appointed by as-Salih Ayyub), 1246–1249 Al-Muazzam Turanshah , son of al-Salih Ayyub, 1249–1250 An-Nasir Yusuf , as sultan of Aleppo and Damascus, son of al-Aziz Muhammad , 1250–1260. Takeover by Mongols , and then Mamluks following the battle of Ain Jalut , 1260.
Emirs of Hama See Hama, Muslim Rule .
Al-Muzaffar I Umar , son of Nur ad-Din Shahanshah (brother of Saladin ), 1178–1191 Al-Mansur I Muhammad , son of al-Muzaffar Umar, 1191–1221 Al-Nasir Kilij Arslan , son of al-Mansur Muhammad, 1221–1229 Al-Muzaffar II Mahmud , son of al-Mansur Muhammad, 1229–1244 Al-Mansur II Muhammad , son of al-Muzaffar II Mahmud, 1244–1284 [Vassals to Mamluk sultans after 1260] Al-Muzaffar III Mahmud , son of al-Mansur II Muhammad, 1284–1299 [Ruled by emirs of Mamluk sultan al-Nasir Muhammad , 1299–1310] Abu al-Fida , son of Malik ul-Afdal (brother of al-Mansur II Muhammad ), 1310–1332 Al-Afdal Muhammad , son of Abu al-Fida, 1332–1341. Formal takeover by Mamluk sultanate in 1341.
Emirs of Homs See Homs, Seljuk, Ayyubid and Mamluk Rule .
Muhammad ibn Shirkuh , son of Shirkuh (uncle of Saladin ), 1178–1186 Al-Mujahid Shirkuh , son of Muhammad ibn Shirkuh, 1186–1240 Al-Mansur Ibrahim , son of al-Mujahid Shirkuh, 1240–1246 Al-Ashraf Musa , son of al-Mansur Ibrahim, 1246–1248 (Homs ), 1248–1260 (Tell Bashir ) An-Nasir Yusuf , as sultan of Aleppo and Damascus, son of al-Aziz Muhammad , 1250–1260 Al-Ashraf Musa (second rule), 1260–1263. Directly ruled by Mamluks under Alam al-Din Sanjar al-Bashqirdi, assigned by Baibars , sultan of Egypt and Syria, from 1263.
Emirs of Hisn Kaifa See Hisn Kaifa, Ayyubid and Mongols .
As-Salih Ayyub , son of al-Kamil , 1232–1239 Al-Mu'azzam Turanshah , son of as-Salih Ayyub, 1239–1249 Muwahhid Taqiyya ad-Din Abdullah , son of al-Mu'azzam Turanshah, 1249–1294 Kamil Ahmad I , 1294–1325 Adil Mujir ad-Din Muhammad , 1325–1328 Adil Shahab ad-Din , 1328–1349 (Meinecke gives this ruler as al-ʿĀdil Ghāzī, 1341–1367) Salih Abu-Bakr Khalil I , 1349–1378 Adil Fakhr ad-Din Sulayman I , 1378-1432 (Meinecke gives this ruler as al-ʿĀdil Sulaimān, 1377–1424) Ashraf Sharaf ad Din , 1432–1433 Salih Salah ad-Din , 1433–1452 Kamil Ahmad II , 1452–1455 Adil Khalif , 1455–1462 Salih Khalil II , 1482–1511 Adil Sulayman II , 1511–1514 Salih Khalil II (second rule), 1514–1520 Malik Hussayn , 1520–1521 Adil Sulayman II (second rule), 1521–1524. Takeover by the Ottoman Empire in 1524.
Emirs of Al-Jazirah See Upper Mesopotamia & Al-Jazirah .
Saladin , 1185–1193 Al-Adil I , brother of Saladin, 1193–1200 Al-Awhad Ayyub , son of al-Adil I, 1200–1210 Al-Ashraf Musa , son of al-Adil I, 1210–1220 Al-Muzaffar Ghazi , son of al-Adil I, 1220–1244 Al-Kamil (II) Muhammad , son of al-Muzaffar Ghazi, 1244–1260. Taken by Mongols in 1260.
Emirs of Yemen and Hejaz See Yemen, Ayyubid Conquest .
Turan-Shah , brother of Saladin, 1173–1181 Tughtakin ibn Ayyub , brother of Saladin, 1181–1197 Al-Mu'izz Fath ud-Din Isma'il , son of Tughtakin ibn Ayyub, 1197–1202 An-Nasir Muhammed ibn Tughtakin ibn Ayyub , son of Tughtakin ibn Ayyub, 1202–1214 Al-Muzaffar Sulayman , son of Al-Mansur I Muhammad, 1214–1215 Al-Mas'ud Yusuf , son of Al-Kamil , 1215–1229. Takeover by Rasulid dynasty of Yemen in 1229.
References ↑ Lane-Poole, Stanley (1894), "Ayyūbids" , The Mohammadan Dynasties: Chronological and Genealogical Tables with Historical Introductions , Westminster: Archibald Constable and Company, pp. 74– 79, OCLC 1199708 ↑ According to Stephen Humphreys, From Saladin to the Mongols: The Ayyubids of Damascus, 1193–1260 (State University of New York Press, 1977), p. 229, the council consisted of the emirs Shams al-Dīn Luʾluʾ al-Amīnī and ʿIzz al-Dīn ʿUmar ibn Mujallī, the vizier Ibn al-Qifṭī and Dayfa Khatun's representative, Jamāl al-Dawla Iqbāl al-Khātūnī. ↑ Wolff, Robert L. and Hazard, H. W., A History of the Crusades: Volume Two, The Later Crusades 1187-1311 , The University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, 1977, pg. 814 Sources Bosworth, C.E. (1996). The New Islamic Dynasties: A Chronological and Genealogical Manual . Columbia University Press, pp. 70-75. Humphreys, R.S. (1977). From Saladin to the Mongols: The Ayyubids of Damascus, 1193-1260 381– 386. ISBN 0-87395-263-4 Lane-Poole, Stanley (1894), "Ayyūbids" , The Mohammadan Dynasties: Chronological and Genealogical Tables with Historical Introductions , Westminster: Archibald Constable and Company, pp. 74– 79, OCLC 1199708 Meinecke, Michael (1996), "3. Hasankeyf/Ḥiṣn Kaifā on the Tigris: A Regional Center on the Crossroad of Foreign Influences" , Patterns of Stylistic Changes in Islamic Architecture: Local Traditions Versus Migrating Artists , New York University Press, ISBN 9780814754924
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