| Minister of Finance | |
|---|---|
| Finanzminister | |
 | |
 | |
| Federal Ministry of Finance | |
| Member of | Federal Cabinet |
| Appointer | The Chancellor |
| Formation | 1880 |
| First holder | Adolf von Scholz |
The Minister of Finance of Germany (German : Finanzminister) is the head of the Federal Ministry of Finance and a member of the Federal Cabinet.
| No. | Portrait | Name (born and died) | Term | Political party | Government | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Took office | Left office | Time in office | |||||
| 1 | Eugen Schiffer (1860–1954) | 13 February 1919 | 19 April 1919 | 65 days | DDP | Scheidemann | |
| 2 | Bernhard Dernburg (1865–1937) | 19 April 1919 | 20 June 1919 | 62 days | DDP | Scheidemann | |
| 3 | Matthias Erzberger (1875–1921) | 21 June 1919 | 12 March 1920 | 265 days | Centre | Bauer | |
| 4 | Joseph Wirth (1879–1956) | 27 March 1920 | 22 October 1921 | 1 year, 209 days | Centre | Müller I Fehrenbach Wirth I | |
| 5 | Andreas Hermes (1878–1964) | 26 October 1921 | 13 August 1923 | 1 year, 291 days | Centre | Wirth II Cuno | |
| 6 | Rudolf Hilferding (1877–1941) | 13 August 1923 | 1 October 1923 | 49 days | SPD | Stresemann I | |
| 7 | Hans Luther (1879–1962) | 6 October 1923 | 15 December 1924 | 1 year, 70 days | Independent | Stresemann II Marx I–II | |
| 8 | Otto von Schlieben (1875–1932) | 19 January 1925 | 26 October 1925 | 280 days | DnVp | Luther I | |
| – | Hans Luther (1879–1962) Acting | 26 October 1925 | 20 January 1926 | 86 days | Independent | Luther I | |
| 9 | Peter Reinhold (1887–1955) | 20 January 1926 | 29 January 1927 | 1 year, 9 days | DDP | Luther II Marx III | |
| 10 | Heinrich Köhler (1878–1949) | 29 January 1927 | 29 June 1928 | 1 year, 152 days | Centre | Marx IV | |
| (6) | Rudolf Hilferding (1877–1941) | 29 June 1928 | 21 December 1929 | 1 year, 175 days | SPD | Müller II | |
| 11 | Paul Moldenhauer (1876–1947) | 23 December 1929 | 20 June 1930 | 179 days | DVP | Müller II Brüning I | |
| – | Heinrich Brüning (1885–1970) Acting | 20 June 1930 | 26 June 1930 | 6 days | Centre | Brüning I | |
| 12 | Hermann Dietrich (1879–1954) | 26 June 1930 | 1 June 1932 | 1 year, 341 days | DStP | Brüning I–II | |
| 13 | Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk (1887–1977) (Independent until 1937) | 1 June 1932 | 23 May 1945 | 12 years, 356 days | NSDAP | Papen Schleicher Hitler Goebbels von Krosigk | |
| No. | Portrait | Name (born and died) | Term | Political party | Government | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Took office | Left office | Time in office | |||||
| 1 | Hans Loch (1898–1960) | 11 October 1949 | 26 November 1955 | 6 years, 46 days | LDPD | Provisional government Council of Ministers (1950–1954) (1954–1958) | |
| 2 | Willy Rumpf (1903–1982) | 26 November 1955 | 12 December 1966 | 11 years, 16 days | SED | Council of Ministers (1954–1958) (1958–1963) (1963–1967) | |
| 3 | Siegfried Böhm (1928–1980) | 12 December 1966 | 5 May 1980 | 13 years, 145 days | SED | Council of Ministers (1963–1967) (1967–1971) (1971–1976) (1976–1981) | |
| 4 | Werner Schmieder (born 1926) | 5 May 1980 | 26 June 1981 | 1 year, 52 days | SED | Council of Ministers (1976–1981) | |
| 5 | Ernst Höfner (1929–2009) | 26 June 1981 | 7 November 1989 | 8 years, 134 days | SED | Council of Ministers (1981–1986) (1986-1989) | |
| 6 | Uta Nickel (born 1941) | 18 November 1989 | 12 April 1990 | 145 days | SED | Modrow | |
| 7 | Walter Romberg (1928–2014) | 12 April 1990 | 16 August 1990 | 126 days | SPD | de Maizière | |
| – | Werner Skowron (1943–2016) Acting | 16 August 1990 | 2 October 1990 | 47 days | CDU | de Maizière | |
Political party: CSU CDU FDP SPD
| Name (born and died) | Party | Term of office | Chancellor (Cabinet) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Fritz Schäffer (1888–1967) | CSU | 20 September 1949 | 29 October 1957 | Adenauer (I • II) |
| 2 | Franz Etzel (1902–1970) | CDU | 29 October 1957 | 14 November 1961 | Adenauer (III) |
| 3 | Heinz Starke (1911–2001) | FDP | 14 November 1961 | 19 November 1962 | Adenauer (IV) |
| 4 | Rolf Dahlgrün (1908–1969) | FDP | 14 December 1962 | 28 October 1966 | Adenauer (V) Erhard (I • II) |
| 5 | Kurt Schmücker (1919–1996) | CDU | 8 November 1966 | 30 November 1966 | Erhard (II) |
| 6 | Franz Josef Strauß (1915–1988) | CSU | 1 December 1966 | 21 October 1969 | Kiesinger (I) |
| 7 | Alex Möller (1903–1985) | SPD | 22 October 1969 | 13 May 1971 | Brandt (I) |
| 8 | Karl Schiller (1911–1994) | SPD | 13 May 1971 | 7 July 1972 | |
| 9 | Helmut Schmidt (1918–2015) | SPD | 7 July 1972 | 1 May 1974 | Brandt (I • II) |
| 10 | Hans Apel (1932–2011) | SPD | 16 May 1974 | 15 February 1978 | Schmidt (I • II) |
| 11 | Hans Matthöfer (1925–2009) | SPD | 16 February 1978 | 28 April 1982 | Schmidt (II • III) |
| 12 | Manfred Lahnstein (b. 1937) | SPD | 28 April 1982 | 1 October 1982 | Schmidt (III) |
| 13 | Gerhard Stoltenberg (1928–2001) | CDU | 4 October 1982 | 21 April 1989 | Kohl (I • II • III) |
| 14 | Theodor Waigel (b. 1939) | CSU | 21 April 1989 | 27 October 1998 | Kohl (III • IV • V) |
| 15 | Oskar Lafontaine (b. 1943) | SPD | 27 October 1998 | 18 March 1999 | Schröder (I) |
| 16 | Hans Eichel (b. 1941) | SPD | 12 April 1999 | 22 November 2005 | Schröder (I • II) |
| 17 | Peer Steinbrück (b. 1947) | SPD | 22 November 2005 | 28 October 2009 | Merkel (I) |
| 18 | Wolfgang Schäuble (b. 1942) | CDU | 28 October 2009 | 24 October 2017 | Merkel (II • III) |
| – | Peter Altmaier (acting) (b. 1958) | CDU | 24 October 2017 | 14 March 2018 | Merkel (III) |
| 19 | Olaf Scholz (b. 1958) | SPD | 14 March 2018 | 8 December 2021 | Merkel (IV) |
| 20 | Christian Lindner (b. 1979) | FDP | 8 December 2021 | Incumbent | Scholz (Scholz) |
The Biographical Dictionary of the Extreme Right Since 1890 is a reference book by Philip Rees, on leading people in the various far right movements since 1890. It contains entries for what the author regards as "the 500 major figures on the radical right, extreme right, and revolutionary right from 1890 to the present" . It was published, as a 418-page hardcover, in New York by Simon & Schuster in 1990 (ISBN 0-13-089301-3).
A Generaloberst was the second-highest general officer rank in the German Reichswehr and Wehrmacht, the Austro-Hungarian Common Army, the East German National People's Army and in their respective police services. The rank was equal to a four-star full general but below a general field marshal. The rank was equivalent to a Generaladmiral in the Kriegsmarine until 1945 or to a Flottenadmiral in the Volksmarine until 1990. It was the highest ordinary military rank and the highest military rank awarded in peacetime; the higher rank of general field marshal was awarded only in wartime by the head of state. In general, a Generaloberst had the same privileges as a general field marshal.
A Burschenschaft is one of the traditional Studentenverbindungen of Germany, Austria, and Chile . Burschenschaften were founded in the 19th century as associations of university students inspired by liberal and nationalistic ideas. They were significantly involved in the March Revolution and the unification of Germany. After the formation of the German Empire in 1871, they faced a crisis, as their main political objective had been realized. So-called Reformburschenschaften were established, but these were dissolved by the Nazi regime in 1935/6. In West Germany, the Burschenschaften were re-established in the 1950s, but they faced a renewed crisis in the 1960s and 1970s, as the mainstream political outlook of the German student movement of that period started learning more towards the left. Roughly 160 Burschenschaften exist today in Germany, Austria and Chile.
Plötzensee Prison is a men's prison in the Charlottenburg-Nord locality of Berlin with a capacity for 577 prisoners, operated by the State of Berlin judicial administration. The detention centre established in 1868 has a long history; it became notorious during the Nazi era as one of the main sites of capital punishment, where about 3,000 inmates were executed. Famous inmates include East Germany's last communist leader Egon Krenz.
Dr. Hoch's Konservatorium – Musikakademie was founded in Frankfurt am Main on 22 September 1878. Through the generosity of Frankfurter Joseph Hoch, who bequeathed the Conservatory one million German gold marks in his testament, a school for music and the arts was established for all age groups. Instrumental to the foundation, prosperity and success of the conservatory was its director Joachim Raff who did most of the work including setting the entire curriculum and hiring all its faculty. It has played an important role in the history of music in Frankfurt. Clara Schumann taught piano, as one of distinguished teachers in the late 19th century, gaining international renown for the conservatory. In the 1890s, about 25% of the students came from other countries: 46 were from England and 23 from the United States.
The Gottbegnadeten-Liste was a 36-page list of artists considered crucial to National Socialist culture. The list was assembled in September 1944 by Joseph Goebbels, the head of the Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda, and Germany's supreme leader Adolf Hitler.
General of the Infantry is a former rank of the German army. It is currently an appointment or position given to an OF-8 rank officer, who is responsible for particular affairs of training and equipment of the Bundeswehr infantry.
Members of the Bavarian Maximilian Order for Science and Art, awarded to acknowledge and reward excellent and outstanding achievements in the fields of science and art. It is based in Bavaria, Germany.
Schottengymnasium is an independent Catholic gymnasium with public status in the First District of Vienna. The school was founded in 1807 by imperial decree, and is considered one of the most prestigious schools in Austria. Alumni of the school include three Nobel laureates, several notable politicians, monarchs, artists and scientists.
