List of Japanese hell ships

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This list of Japanese hell ships encompasses those vessels used for transporting Allied prisoners of war during the Pacific War.

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The names of the Japanese hell ships used during World War II includes some variants which are different names referring to the same ship.

See also

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Formerly in the fleet of N.Y.K Lines
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Formerly in the fleet of O.S.K. Lines

Sources

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<i>Tango Maru</i> German-built cargo ship

Tango Maru (丹後丸), originally named Rendsburg, was a cargo ship built in Germany in 1925. It was sunk by an American submarine on February 25, 1944, while in the service of the Imperial Steamship Co., a Japanese government-owned company. The sinking cost about 3,000 passengers and crew their lives.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hell ship</span> Imperial Japanese Navy ship with extremely inhumane living conditions

A hell ship is a ship with extremely inhumane living conditions or with a reputation for cruelty among the crew. It now generally refers to the ships used by the Imperial Japanese Navy and Imperial Japanese Army to transport Allied prisoners of war (POWs) and rōmusha out of the Philippines, the Dutch East Indies, Hong Kong and Singapore in World War II. These POWs were taken to the Japanese Islands, Formosa, Manchukuo, Korea, the Moluccas, Sumatra, Burma, or Siam to be used as forced labor.

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<i>Arisan Maru</i> Japanese type 2A freighter

Arisan Maru was a 6,886 GRT Type 2A freighter constructed in 1944 during World War II and was one of Imperial Japan's hell ships. The vessel, named for a mountain on Formosa, was initially used as a troop transport. The vessel was then turned over for use for the transportation of prisoners of war (POWs) from the Philippines to Manchuria, China or Japan. On October 24, 1944, the ship was torpedoed by an American submarine and sank. Of the 1,781 POWs aboard, all of them escaped the sinking ship but were not rescued by the Japanese. In the end, only nine of the prisoners survived the sinking.

<i>Ōryoku Maru</i> Japanese passenger cargo ship used as a troop transport and prisoner of war transport ship

Ōryoku Maru was a Japanese passenger cargo ship which was commissioned by the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II as a troop transport and prisoner of war (POW) transport ship. Japanese POW transport ships are often referred to as hell ships, due to their notoriously unpleasant conditions and the many deaths that occurred on board. In December 1944, the ship was bombed by American aircraft, killing 200 Allied POWs. Hundreds more died in the months that followed.

Brazil Maru was a Japanese cargo ship requisitioned by the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II as a troop transport and prisoner of war (POW) transport ship.

The Shin'yō Maru incident occurred in the Philippines on September 7, 1944, in the Pacific theater of World War II. In an attack on a Japanese convoy by the United States Navy submarine USS Paddle, 668 Allied prisoners of war were killed fighting their Japanese guards or killed when their ship, Shinyō Maru, was sunk. Only 82 Americans survived and were later rescued.

SS <i>Rakuyō Maru</i>

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<i>Tōfuku Maru</i>

The Tōfuku Maru (東福丸) was a Japanese Dai-ichi Taifuku Maru-class built and operated cargo ship and hellship.

Nikkin Maru (日錦丸) was a 5,587-ton Japanese troop transport during World War II, which sank on 30 June 1944 with great loss of life.

Lima Maru was a 6,989-ton Japanese troop transport during World War II, which sank on 8 February 1944 with great loss of life.

<i>Yoshino Maru</i>

Yoshino Maru (Kanji:吉野丸) was an 8,950-ton Japanese troop transport and hospital ship during World War II, which sank on 31 July 1944 with great loss of life.

Sakito Maru was a 7,126-ton Japanese troop transport that operated during World War II. She was sunk on 1 March 1944 with great loss of life.

Hawaii Maru was a 9,482-ton Japanese troop transport during World War II, which sank on 2 December 1944 with great loss of life.

SS Tamahoko Maru was a Japanese passenger-cargo ship, used as a hell ship, which was torpedoed by submarine USS Tang on 24 June 1944, carrying 772 Allied POWs of which 560 died.

Suzuya Maru was an auxiliary transport and hell ship of the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II.

Hayataka Maru was used as an auxiliary transport of the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II.

Gyoun Maru was an auxiliary transport of the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II.

Buyo Maru (Japanese:武洋丸) was a transport and hellship of the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II.

References

  1. Michno, Gregory. (2001). Death on the Hellships: Prisoners at Sea in the Pacific War, p. 93; n.b., Aki Maru (11,409 GT).
  2. Michno, p. 207; n.b., the destroyer Akitsuki carried POWs, sunk in Battle of Leyte Gulf off Cape Engaño.
  3. Michno, p. 93; n.b., Amagi Maru (3,165 GT), former NYK Line ship
  4. Aikoku Maru (1940)
  5. https://www.history.navy.mil/research/library/online-reading-room/title-list-alphabetically/u/united-states-submarine-losses/shark-2-ss-314.html . Retrieved 27 September 2022
  6. 1 2 3 WestPoint.org website: POW Registers website
  7. POWs of the Japanese website: Celebes Maru
  8. POWs of the Japanese website: Clyde Maru
  9. Crager, Kelly E. (2008). Hell Under the Rising Sun: Texan POWs and the Building of the Burma – Thailand Death Railway, p. 73.
  10. Crager, p. 57.
  11. Taiwan POW Camps Memorial Society: The Story of the Enoura Maru and the Men Who Died Archived 2009-06-24 at the Wayback Machine
  12. POWs of the Japanese website: France Maru
  13. Hovinga, Henk (1982) Eindstation Pakan Baroe 1944-1945. Dodenspoorweg door het oerwoud.], p. 23
  14. POWs of the Japanese website: Hawaii Maru
  15. Roscoe, Theodore et al. (1949). United States submarine operations in World War II, p. 548; n.b., Hozan Maru (2,345 GT) sunk November 23, 1944 by USS Redfish at 24-26N, 122-46E.
  16. POWs of the Japanese website: Kyokko Maru
  17. POWs of the Japanese website: Nagara Maru
  18. BataanSurvivor.com: Noto Maru
  19. POWs of the Japanese website: Pacific Maru
  20. Erickson, James W. (2009). "Suzuya Maru 鈴谷丸". POWs of the Japanese. Archived from the original on 2021-02-11. Retrieved 2020-02-23.
  21. Lettens, Jan (June 8, 2011). "Suzuya Maru (+1943)". wrecksite.eu.
  22. Parkinson, James et al. (2006). Soldier Slaves: Abandoned by the White House, Courts, and Congress, p. 153.
  23. 1 2 "Alias Ship Names". west-point.org. Retrieved 30 April 2021.
  24. POWs of the Japanese website: Thames Maru
  25. Roscoe, p. 542; n.b., Wales Maru (6,586 GT) sunk May 24, 1944 by USS Lapon at 7-16N, 109-044E.
  26. Roscoe, p. 548; n.b., Yamagata Maru (4,621 GT) sunk April 16, 1944 by USS Redfin at 7-04N, 123-27E.
  27. POWs of the Japanese website: Yuzan Maru