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The National Monuments of Chile (Spanish: Monumentos Nacionales de Chile [MN], are those places, and properties, moveable or fixed, protected by the State of Chile under the 1970 Law No. 17,288 for the protection of National Monuments. This protection is managed by the Council of National Monuments (Spanish: Consejo de Monumentos Nacionales [CMN]) owing to the historical, artistic, scientific or commemorative value of those properties designated as national monuments, which represent the country's cultural heritage.
Law N° 17.288 concerning national monuments stipulates that:
National monuments are places, ruins, constructions or objects of historical or artistic character; burial sites or cemeteries or other remains of aborigines, anthropo-archaeological, paleontological or natural formation pieces or objects, which exist under or on the surface of the national territory or underwater within its jurisdictional waters and whose conservation is of interest to history, art or science, and are under the custody and protection of the State; sanctuaries of nature; monuments, statues, columns, pyramids, fountains, plaques, crowns,[clarification needed] inscriptions and, in general, objects that are destined to remain in a public place, with a commemorative character.
As of October2008[update] there are 938 national monuments. They are grouped into the following categories:
Historic monuments (633).
Public monuments (150).
Archaeological monuments (21).
Typical or picturesque zones (95).
Nature sanctuaries (39).
Historic monuments
Historic monuments are defined as:
...those places, ruins, constructions and objects of fiscal, municipal or private property that, due to their quality and historical or artistic interest or due to their antiquity, are declared as such by supreme decree, issued at the request and prior agreement of the Council.
—Law N° 17.288 of National Monuments, art. 9, De los Monumentos Históricos.
In the register of the National Monuments Council, there are 633 historic monuments as of October2008[update]. These include:
Public Monuments are all commemorative objects in public places.
The National Monuments Council is trying to create a register in which all public monuments can be listed, using information from the local authorities. As of October2008[update], there are 150 public monuments on the list. These include
Urban or rural properties that form a unity and are notable by their style, materiality or constructiontechnique are designated as typical or picturesque zones:
With the purpose to hold the environmental nature proper of some towns or places where could exist archaeologic ruins, or ruins and buildings declared Historic Monuments, the National Monuments Council can request to be declared of public interest the protection and preservation of these towns or places, or some zones of them.
—Law N° 17.288 of National Monuments, art. 29, De la Conservación de los Caracteres Ambientales.
In the register of the National Monuments Council, as of October2008[update], there are 95 typical zones. These include:
Are sanctuaries of nature all of the terrestrial or marine sites that could offer special possibilities for studies and geologic, paleontologic, zoologic, botanic or ecologic investigations, or that have natural formations, which conservation could be of interest for the science or for the State.
—Law N° 17.288 of National Monuments, art. 31, De los Santuarios de la naturaleza e investigaciones científicas.
Valparaíso is a major city, commune, seaport and naval base facility in Valparaíso Region, Chile.
Since the mid-1990s, tourism in Chile has become one of the main sources of income for the country, especially in its most extreme areas. In 2005, this sector grew by 13.6%, generating more than US$500 million, equivalent to 1.33% of the national GDP.
Pukara de La Compañia is an archaeological site containing the remains of a promaucae fortress, later used by the Incas, located on the large hill overlooking the village of La Compañia, a village in the commune of Graneros, Chile. It is the southernmost building which remains of the Inca Empire. As such it is an important landmark on what is known as "The Chilean Inca Trail", and has been declared a National Monument by the Chilean government.
The National Monuments Council is a Chilean government agency dedicated to the preservation and upkeep of special natural, historical and cultural sites in Chile. The National Monuments Council was created in 1925 by law Nº 17.288.
San Francisco Church was a Catholic church located in Barón Hill, Valparaíso, Chile. The church served as lighthouse to the navigants who were arriving Valparaíso until the early 20th century, being the first recognizable point of the city. Valparaíso is often nicknamed with the diminutive form of Francisco: Pancho.
There are 16 extant historical elevators in the city of Valparaíso in Chile. Technically most of these elevators are bona fide funiculars. Only one of them, the Ascensor Polanco, is a true vertical elevator. They were mainly constructed in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
The National monuments of Colombia are the set of properties, nature reserves, archaeological sites, historic districts, urban areas and property that, for values of authenticity, originality, aesthetics, and artistic techniques, are representative of Colombia and constitute core elements of its history and culture. The cultural heritage of Colombia includes material and immaterial assets "which are an expression of the Colombian nationality", in accordance with Law No. 1185 (2008). As of December 2011, 1079 National Monuments have been declared. A further sixteen candidate sites have been identified for future declaration.
The Santo Domingo Church is a Dominican church in the historical downtown of Santiago de Chile. It is located at the corner of Santo Domingo Street and 21 de Mayo Street.
The Chilote school of religious imagery, or Chilote school of carving, is an artistic and cultural manifestation that developed in the Chiloé Archipelago during the 17th century on the basis of the circular movement of evangelizing established by the Jesuit missionaries, and reaches its climax in the late 19th century.
Achao is a town on the Chiloé Archipelago, in the south of Chile. The town is the capital of Quinchao commune on the island of the same name.
The Iglesia Nuestra Señora de Las Mercedes is a Catholic church located in Papudo, Valparaíso Region, Chile. It was declared as a National Historic Monument in 1995.
The Casa Matriz del Banco de Chile is a building in downtown Santiago, Chile, which houses the headquarters of the Banco de Chile. It is located at 251 Paseo Ahumada street, between Huérfanos y Agustinas streets. The building was declared as a National Monument of Chile in 2016, within the category of Historic Monuments.
The Cementerio N° 1 de Valparaíso is a cemetery located in the Panteón Hill, immediately north of the Cementerio de Disidentes, in Valparaíso, Chile. Created in 1825, it was declared as a National Monument of Chile in 2005, within the category of Historic Monuments.
The Iglesia de Santa Ana is a Catholic church in downtown Santiago de Chile. It is located at the northwest corner of Catedral and San Martín streets. The church was declared as a National Monument of Chile in 1970, within the category of Historic Monuments. Santa Ana metro station is named after the church.
The Sacred Hearts Church is a Catholic church located at 2086 Independencia Street, in El Almendral neighborhood, in Valparaíso, Chile. Staffed by the Congregation of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary, it was built to serve as the church for the Colegio de los Sagrados Corazones de Valparaíso community. The church was declared as a National Monument of Chile in 2003, within the category of Historic Monuments.
The Pucará de Turi an archaeological site in the locality of Turi, which is part of Calama, in the Antofagasta Region, Chile. It is located 47 km northeast of the town of San Francisco de Chiu Chiu.
San Lorenzo de Tarapacá, also known simply as Tarapacá, is a town in the region of the same name in Chile.
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